국제무역에 함유된 지구온난화 가스 배출의 국제연관구조와 경제적 유인정책의 효과

정현식 한국환경경제학회 한국자원경제학회 2004 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.13 No.4

교토 메커니즘에 따른 국제적 배출권 거래 제도의 지구온난화 가스 저감 효과는 부속서 I국가들의 무역을 통한 탄소 유출(carbon leakage) 정도에 따라 크게 달라지게 될 것이다. 그리고 무역을 통한 탄소 유출의 정도는 각국의 경상 수지, 배출 수지, 배출 교역 조건 등에 의해 간접적으로 표출될 것이다. 이 논문에서는 부속서 I국가들과 비부속서 I국가들 간의 탄소 유출의 정도를 분석하기 위해 각국의 경상 수지와 무역에 함유된 CO₂출량, 배출 수지, 배출 교역 조건 등을 국제 투입-산출 통계 등을 이용하여 계산하였다. 외국의 기존 연구에서는 일부 선진국들을 중심으로 배출 수지가 추정된 적은 있으나, 한국을 포함한 세계 전체의 무역을 통한 배출 수지에 대한 분석이 이루어진 적은 없었다. 이 논문은 세계 주요 배출국의 하나로서 한국을 포함한 세계 각 국·지역 간의 경상수지와 무역에 함유된 배출 수지, 배출 교역 조건 등에 대한 비교·분석을 국내에서는 처음으로 시도한 논문이다. 화석 연료의 대부분을 수입에 의존하는 한국으로서 GHGs 특히 CO₂의 배출 저감은 기후변화협약상의 저감 의무와 별개로 그 자체로서 매우 중요하다. 뿐만 아니라 한국도 교토 메커니즘을 활용할 수 있는 부속서 I국가로서의 지위를 조만간 부여 받지 않을 수 없을 것으로 보아 한국과 교역 대상국 간의 배출 수지에 대한 분석 결과는 한국이 국제적 배출권 거래 제도 등을 이용하는데 유익한 자료가 될 것이다. Emission Trading (ET) among Annex I countries as expounded in Kyoto mechanism can be an effective mean to control Greenhouse Gases(GHGs), particularly CO₂ emissions from fossil fuels. For the international ET to be an effective tool to reduce the global emissions, however, it presupposes that there are no carbon leakage, i.e. Annex I emitters will purchase emission permits if emitting above caps, rather than importing emission-intensive goods from non-Annex I countries thus inducing the foreigners to emit instead. The extent to which a country leaks carbon through trade can be revealed by its bilateral balance of current accounts and related Balance of Emissions Embodied in Trade (BEET) supplemented by Emission Terms of Trade (ETT). Earlier studies on BEET and ETT relied on few selected countries in a partial equilibrium context, Korea being treated as insignificant though she is not a minor emitter. This paper is an attempt to examine BEET in the global CGE framework and to compare its structural difference across countries, with a special emphasis on South Korea.

상수도관의 노후도에 대한 환경영향인자의 상관성 분석

정원식,이현동,김이태,유명진 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.2

This study is performed to evaluate the correlation of environmental factors for drinking water pipe deterioration using statistical analysis such as multiple regression, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and the adequacy and dependability of grouping factors used to deterioration prediction model. Results of this study are presented that high correlation related to pipe deterioration is showed not laying year of pipe but characteristic of surrounding area and analysis of chemical components. Therefore, major influence factors of pipe deterioration for types of cast iron pipe are product quality of pipe, environmental factors using pipe deterioration evaluation model is classified to 4 types such as group related to pipe body and to hydraulic & water quality, and to characteristics of surrounding area, and to trouble & discontent of customer. And the very high adequacy of group classification is represented that the applied grouping items in this study are agree to previous studies.

韓國의 外債增加要因分析, 1974∼1985. : 國際收支基調의 點檢

鄭賢湜 成均館大學校 韓國産業硏究所 1988 韓國經濟 Vol.16 No.-

韓國의 輸入自由化와 輸入現況

鄭賢湜 成均館大學校 韓國産業硏究所 1981 韓國經濟 Vol.9 No.-

産業 公害의 要因分析

鄭賢湜 成均館大學校 韓國産業硏究所 1993 韓國經濟 Vol.20 No.1

We used a simple version of the Leontief-augmented pollution model to analyze industrial pollutions of the 65 Korean industries for the period 1980~88. Problems on the existence of non-negative solutions are not the issue for our augmented pollution model since we are assuming that outputs of pollution from pollution-abatement sectors are zero. We also assume in this paper that the tolerated pollution levels are always less than the pollution generated by the industries, so that the existence problems are avoided. In fact we are only concerned with the total pollution emission, which are the sum of pollution abated by the pollution-control sectors and unabated pollution emitted to the final sector. We also assume away pollution emitted by final demand sector. In fact, by focusing on the total pollution emitted, we do not need to distinguish the abated pollution from the tolerated pollution levels. In this simplified model, we are concerned with factors contributing to the increase in pollution emission between 1980 and 1988. We are able to analyze total emission levels of 9 different pollutauts for 65 the industries. The factors responsible for the increase in pollution during the period were dichotomized into two : growth factors and structural factors. The latters were further divided into five categories of changes in structures : domestic final demand, export, import, input techniques, and export production techniques. For the period under consideration, about 60% of the total pollution increase was attributed to the growth factors and the remaining 40% to the structural factors. Among structural factors, domestic final demand and export were important contributors to the increased pollution in that order, while change in production techniques of the export sector contributed to the decrease in pollution.

피압수가 존재하는 연약점토지반 내에 연직배수재의 관입깊이에 따라 압밀거동에 미치는 영향

정성교,진현식,백승훈 동아대학교 건설기술연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.2

In the Yangsan area developed for housing complex the soft clay deposited as about 20 to 40 meters in thickness and there was the Artesian pressure of about 20kPa under the clay stratum. To investigate the consolidation behaviour due to partially or fully penetrating vertical drains in the clay layer, a finite element analysis was carried out in this study. As a result of analysis, it was shown that the consolidation rate and the final settlement for the case of fully penetrating vertical drains were faster and less than of partially penetration, respectively.

經濟倫理와 制度改革

鄭賢湜 成均館大學校 韓國産業硏究所 1993 韓國經濟 Vol.19 No.2

資本蓄積과 國際貸借의 變化에 關한 模型分析

鄭賢湜 成均館大學校 韓國産業硏究所 1976 韓國經濟 Vol.4 No.-

A dynamic model was presented for a less developed country to analyze the stages of the international indebtedness and payments in the process of its capital formation. Dynamic properties of the model were expressed in terms of a system of differential equations and qualitative solution of the system employing phase diagrams was used to describe the dynamic process. It was shown in the model that the LDC was capital importing country and remained net debtor at the steady-state equilibrium under certain conditions. The hypothesis on the stages of indebtedness supported by such a model as Fischer-and-Frenkel's was not confirmed in our model under different conditions. An implication was that the usual "stages" of the international indebtedness was one of many kinds, which might not be applicable to some LDC's. The model suggested several policy prescriptions forcapital for mation in LDC which are similar to one suggested by Mahalanobis. It showed a possibility that interest payments by LDC on foreign debts might exceed its trade surplus thus making continuous foreign capital inflows inevitable in order to pay interest, an anxiety often expressed by capital importing LDC's.

골아세포 MC₃T₃-E₁의 증식과 기능에 Insulin Like Growth Factor Ⅰ, Ⅱ 및 부갑상선 호르몬이 미치는 영향

윤현구,정호연,양인명,김성운,김진우,김광원,김영설,최영길,서광식 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

MC₃T₃-E₁골아세포군을 이용하여 IGF-Ⅰ과 Ⅱ를 투여하고 DNA합성과 골아세포기능을 측정하기 위해 PTH에 대한 C-AMP반응정도, alkaline phosphatase 활성도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) IGF-Ⅰ과 Ⅱ는 모두 DNA합성이 어느 농도까지는 증식효과를 나타내지만 그 이후에는 억제되는 양상을 보였다. 2) PTH에 대한 골아세포의 C-AMP반응으로 증가되었지만 IGF-Ⅰ과 Ⅱ의 투여시 농도변화에 따른 의미있는 변화는 없었다. 3) 본 실험의 조건에서 alkaline phosphatase 활성도는 증가되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 MC₃T₃-E₁ 골아세포에 IGF-Ⅰ과 Ⅱ는 세포의 증식을 자극하여 PTH는 C-AMP생성을 촉진하는 효과가 있었다. The effect of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) Ⅰ and Ⅱ on cloned MC₃T₃-E₁ cells that had osteoblastic activity was examined by [³H] thymidine incorporation into DNA, cyclic AMP responsiveness to parathyroid hormone (PTH), and alkaline phosphatase activity. IGF Ⅰ and Ⅱ stimulated the growth and proliferation of osteoblastic cells at 20ng/㎖ and 50ng/㎖, respectively. We next examined the effect of IGF-Ⅰ and Ⅱ on the expression of osteoblastic activity. Adenylate cyclase response of PTH to IGF-Ⅰ and Ⅱ-treated cells showed maximal stimulation at 10 and 50㎚PTH, respectively, but IGF Ⅰ and Ⅱ induced limited activity of osteoblastic function. In conclusion, IGF-Ⅰ and Ⅱ were potent stimulators to the growth of osteoblastic cells but did not have an immediate effect on expression of osteoblastic function in this experiment.

한우의 반추위내에서 요소 및 암모니아처리 볏짚과 황산병용처리 볏짚의 In situ 유기물 분해율

문승식,정현승,박성진,유성오 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1997 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.10 No.-

본 시험은 볏짚의 수분함량을 30%로 조절하여 농업용 요소 6%를 수용액상태로 처리한 요소처리 볏짚과 암모니아가스 3%를 처리한 암모니아처리 볏짚을 밀봉상태로 45일간 보관한후 개봉하여 이들 처리볏짚의 1/2에 해당하는 양에 농황산 2.2%를 처리하여 요소-황산병용처리 및 암모니아-황산병용처리 볏짚을 제조하여 화학적 조성을 분석하고, 한우의 의해 in situ 유기물 분해율을 측정하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 볏짚의 유기물 소실율은 암모니아-황산병용처리>암모니아처리>요소-황산병용처리>요소처리 볏짚순으로 높았다. 2. 유기물의 잠재적 소화율은 타처리에 비하여 암모니아처리 볏짚에서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 볏짚의 유기물분해율(P)은 암모니아-황산병용처리>암모니아처리>요소-황산병용처리>요소처리 볏짚순으로 높았다. 4. 사료섭취량에 따른 한우의 반추위내 통과율이 시간당 6%일 때 72시간 발효시 예상유기물 분해율(ED)은 요소처리, 암모니아처리, 요소-황산병용처리 및 암모니아-황산병용처리 볏짚이 각각 18.97, 21.63, 24.66 및 29.09%이였다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of two phase treatments of urea-sulfuric acid and ammonia-sulfuric acid combination on in situ organic matter degradability of rice straw as ruminant feedstuff. Rice straw were treated with 6% urea (W/DM) or 3% ammonia (W/DM) for at least 45 days and further with sulfuric acid for overnight to complete the combination treatments. The treated rice straws were then sun-dried, and the chemical composition of the treated rice straws were analyzed. Also, Four Korean native bulls (550±30.5kg) were used to determine the in situ organic matter degradability in rumen. The treatments included urea-treated, ammonia-treated, urea·H_2SO_4 combination-treated and ammonia·H_2SO_4 combination-treated rice straws. In situ disappearance of organic matter (OM) in the rumen was significantly (P<0.05) higher in ammonia·H_2SO_4 combination-treated rice straw than those of other treatments. Potential digestibility of OM were slightly higher in ammonia-treated rice straw than those of other treatments. Organic matter degradabilities (P) in the rumen was high in ammonia·H_2SO_4 combination-treated with following by ammonia-treated, urea·H_2SO_4 combination-treated and urea-treated rice straw. When passage rate of 6% in rumen of korean native bulls was applied, effective degradabilities (ED) of OM of urea-treated, ammonia-treated, urea·H_2SO_4 combination-treated and ammonia·H_2SO_4 combination-treated rice straw were 18.97, 21.63, 24.66 and 29.09% after incubation for 72 hrs time, respectively.