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Bounds on Variance for Unimodal Distributions
Hye Won Chung,Sadler, Brian M.,Hero, Alfred O. IEEE 2017 IEEE transactions on information theory Vol.63 No.11
<P>We show a direct relationship between the variance and the differential entropy for subclasses of symmetric and asymmetric unimodal distributions by providing an upper bound on variance in terms of entropy power. Combining this bound with the well-known entropy power lower bound on variance, we prove that the variance of the appropriate subclasses of unimodal distributions can be bounded below and above by the scaled entropy power. As the differential entropy decreases, the variance is sandwiched between two exponentially decreasing functions in the differential entropy. This establishes that for the subclasses of unimodal distributions, the differential entropy can be used as a surrogate for concentration of the distribution.</P>
The effect of salinomycin on ovarian cancer stem-like cells
( Hyewon Chung ),( Yu-hwan Kim ),( Myoung Kwon ),( So-jin Shin ),( Sang-hoon Kwon ),( Soon-do Cha ),( Chi-heum Cho ) 대한산부인과학회 2016 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.59 No.4
Objective The identification of cancer stem-like cells is a recent development in ovarian cancer. Compared to other cancer cells, cancer stem-like cells present more chemo-resistance and more aggressive characteristics. They play an important role in the recurrence and drug resistance of cancer. Therefore, the target therapy of cancer stem-like cell may become a promising and effective approach for ovarian cancer treatment. It may also help to provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Methods The OVCAR3 cell line was cultured under serum-free conditions to produce floating spheres. The CD44+CD117+ cell line was isolated from the human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3 by using immune magnetic-activated cell sorting system. The expression of stemness genes such as OCT3/4, NANOG and SOX2 mRNA were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. OVCAR3 parental and OVCAR3 CD44+CD117+ cells were grown in different doses of paclitaxel and salinomycin to evaluate the effect of salinomycin. And growth inhibition of OVCAR3 CD44+CD117+ cells by paclitaxel combined with salinomycin was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results Tumor spheroids generated from the OVCAR3 cell line are shown to have highly enriched CD44 and CD117 expression. Treatment with a combination of paclitaxel and salinomycin demonstrated growth inhibition of OVCAR3 CD44+CD117+ cells. Conclusion The present study is a detailed investigation on the expression of CD44 and CD117 in cancer stem cells and evaluates their specific tumorigenic characteristics in ovarian cancer. This study also demonstrates significant growth inhibition of cancer stem-like cells by paclitaxel combined with salinomycin. Identification of these cancer stem-like cell markers and growth inhibition effect of salinomycin may be the next step to the development of novel target therapy in ovarian cancer.
( Hye Won Chung ),( Chi Heum Cho ),( So Jin Shin ) 대한산부인과학회 2014 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.100 No.-
Epitheliod sarcoma of vulva is a very rare kind of tumor which its diagnosis cannot be readily reached; however, it is characterized by a variety of aggressive biological behaviors and poor prognosis. We report a case of vulvar epitheloid sarcoma in a 24?years-old woman who presented with protruding, mushrooms like mass on multiple area including lower abdomen, whole vulva, anus and both inguinal lesions along with distant metastasis to lung, pleura, bone and scalp. Result from histological evaluation showed malignant tumor, consistent with proximal type of epithelioid sarcoma. The main lesion was an open wound of large necrotic tissue formation with exposed bone on whole vulva. Her treatment started with palliative radiation therapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Follow up imaging studies revealed a good response with partial resolution of vulvar lesion and complete resolution of pelvic bone metastasis. However, aggravation of multiple lung and pleural metastases was detected. Consequently the patient received target therapy of Pazopanib which is an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) pathway. After two months of daily regimen of Pazopanib (400 mg) follow up imaging studies showed partial resolution of both lung and pleural metastases. Pazopanib plays a crucial role in distant metastasis of solid malignancies and brings a delay in progression of the disease.
( Hyewon Chung ),( Seungmee Lee ),( Tae-kyu Jang ),( So-jin Shin ),( Sang-hoon Kwon ),( Chi-heum Cho ) 대한산부인과학회 2019 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.105 No.-
Objective: The aims of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a robotic single-site staging (RSSS) operation for early-stage endometrial cancer and to standardize of technique. Methods: A total of 50 Patients with a preoperative diagnosis of early endometrial cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages IA to IB) from endometrial curettage and preoperative imaging studies were selected and underwent the RSSS operation from March 2014 to December 2018. All surgical procedures, including hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and/or para-aortic node dissection, and cytology aspiration, were performed by robotic single-site instruments (da Vinci Si® surgical system; Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Results: The median patient age and body mass index were 52.6 years and 26.2 kg/m2. The median docking time, console time, and total operative time were 7 minutes, 75 minutes, and 120 minutes, respectively. The median retrieval of both pelvic lymph nodes was 11. There were no conversions to laparoscopy or laparotomy. Conclusion: In this study, operative times were reasonable, and the surgical procedure was well-tolerated by the patients. The RSSS operation is a feasible and safe surgical treatment option in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer.
( Hye Won Chung ),( June Gone Kim ),( Sang Ho Choi ),( Sun Young Lee ),( Young Hee Yoon ) 대한안과학회 2008 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.22 No.3
A 36-year old female with acute myelogenous leukemia presented with a sudden decrease in vision one month following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). She had been taking multiple immunosuppressants to treat her recently-developed graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). Visual acuity was 20/60 in her right eye and 20/25 in her left. Ophthalmic examination revealed mild inflammatory reaction in both the anterior chamber and the vitreous of both eyes, as well as densely opaque yellow-white infiltrates with well-demarcated borders in the posterior retina of both eyes. She was originally diagnosed as CMV retinitis, but treatment with ganciclovir failed to improve her ocular condition. Subsequent work-up, including serology and brain MRI, led to a diagnosis of combined ocular and cerebral toxoplasmosis. After 6 weeks of antiparasitic therapy, her retinal lesions became inactive and her cerebral lesions improved. Immunosuppressed patients with necrotizing retinochoroiditis should be suspected of having toxoplasmosis. Accurate differentiation between this condition and CMV, and early intervention with the appropriate treatment may be critical to preserve the best vision.