Employment Status of Caddies in the Korean Golf Industry

Hongbum Shin,Hyun-Duck Kim,Scott Ham,Jong-Pill Choi,Sun-Yoong Kim 한국골프학회 2011 골프연구 Vol.5 No.1

This study is desgined to identify employ status of golf caddies in the Korean golf industry and to provide possible recommendations according to a judgement standard of workers defined in the Korean Labor law. In Korea, golf caddies are regarded as “independent contractors under the Korean labor law.” Unfortunately, since golf caddies in Korea are not considered as workers, they are not protected by law from an unfair treatment, unequal opportunity and employment, sexual harassment, and injuries. That is, there is limited options to get compensation. therefore, the Labor laws can be reconsidered, modified, or applied broadly to the labor market for independent contractors, golf caddies. First possible recommendation is that a judgment standard of workers defined in the Korean Labor law should be broadened to include the independent contractors, golf game assistants. Second, the term workers defined in the Labor Standard Act and the Trade Union &Adjustment Act is not identical. Third, while maintaining the traditional distinction between a worker and a non-worker under the Labor law, some minimal protections such as Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance or social security program should be applied to golf caddies.

해외 스포츠교류를 통한 스포츠 한류 활성화의 전략적 접근 모델

신홍범(Shin, Hongbum) 한국웰니스학회 2015 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.10 No.2

2000년대에 들어서며 우리와 문화적 접근성이 용이한 주변 아시아 국가들에서부터 시작된 한류는 더 이상 특정 지역의 국지적 현상이 아니라 세계화 관점에서 조명되어야 할 하나의 사회?문화 현상이다. 최근 들어 스포츠는 대중문화와 더불어 문화의 주요 핵심 부문으로서 새로운 경제적 가치를 창출하는 국가적 자원이자 국가경쟁력의 핵심요소로 인식되어, 시대가 요구하는 문화콘텐 츠로서의 역할과 기능을 담당하고 대중문화에서부터 시작된 한류열풍을 이어갈 주체로서의 그 가능성을 표력하고 있다. 이에, 스 포츠한류 활성화의 전략적 접근 모델로서 제시된 K-WAVE System을 통하여 네트워크, 스포츠 클러스터, 스포츠 지도자 및 선수의 정보관리 데이터베이스(DB), 스포츠 연구자 및 현장 전문가를 연결하는 시스템 구축이 우선적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 그 뿐만 아니라 K-Sports를 대표하는 종목별 시범단 및 교류단 파견, 해외 현지로의 지도자 파견 및 현지 스포츠 커뮤니티 구성, K-Sports 관련 우수 스포츠산업제품 소개 등 K-Sports의 해외 보급 및 확대에 심혈을 기울여야 한다. 또한 K-Sports의 가치를 공유할 수 있 는 스포츠 한류의 아이콘 및 콘텐츠 개발 그리고 스포츠와 문화가 융합된 다양한 엑스포 개최 등을 통하여 스포츠 한류 실현을 이루어야 한다. A social and cultural trend entitled Korean Wave, which has started from the surrounding Asian countries having an easy cultural access to us in the 2000s should be considered as a global rather than local phenomenon. Recently, sports, a core branch of culture along with the pop culture is acknowledged as a major factor in national competitiveness creating a new economic value. It has taken an important part in cultural contents and it is showing potential to become a main agent to support Korean Wave syndrome which has started form the pop culture. First of all, a system should be established to connect network, sports cluster, information management, database of sports coaches and athletes, researchers, and sports field??specialists by adopting a K-WAVE system as a strategic approach model for the invigoration of Korean Wave of Sport. In addition, dispatching of demonstration group and exchange group, coaches to the actual field, establishing a local sports community on site, introducing superb sports products related to K-sports should be carried out for expansion of K-sports. Korean Wave of Sport should be accomplished by developing icon and contents sharing a core value with K-sports and by hosting various expos related to sports and culture.

The Citespace Approach on the Changes of Trends and Hotspots to Consume SPORT Products of Chinese Collegiate Students

Xuefeng Bai,Hongbum Shin J-INSTITUTE 2021 Kinesiology Vol.6 No.4

Purpose: With the national emphasis on the high-quality development of sports industry and the cultivation of new cultural formats and consumption patterns, sports consumption of college student has become a hot topic of academic attention, and a lot of research has been carried out. In order to fully understand the research status of sports consumption of college student in China, this study conducted scientific econometric statistics on related researches in the past 20 years, aiming to analyze the hot spots and trend evolution of sports consumption of college students. Method: In this paper, 487 valid samples were obtained by searching the literature related to college student sports consumption collected by CNKI from 2001 to 2021. CiteSpace was used to conduct visualized analysis, and through the collation of knowledge map, it revealed the hot spots and trend evolution of Chinese collegiate stu-dent sports consumption. Results: The results of descriptive statistical analysis from literatures for this study showed that the time dis-tribution characteristics of Chinese collegiate student who consume sport products could be divided into four stages: 1)steady growth stage from 2001 to 2005, 2)rapid development stage from 2006 to 2008, 3)ups and downs stage from 2009 to 2014, and 4)slow decline stage from 2015 to 2021. These literatures were mainly studied by colleges and universities, involving physical education, pedagogy, economics. The research hotspots analysis showed that the main keywords of Chinese collegiate student sports consumption were sports consump-tion, college students, current situation, influencing factors, sports consumption behavior, college student sports consumption, female college students, consumption consciousness, sports consumption structure and motivation. The results of emerging trend analysis showed that the research on sports consumption of collegiate student in China could be divided into four development stages: it mainly involved the definition and interpretation of sports consumption of college students, the investigation of the current situation in different regions, the analysis of influencing factors and the proposal of consumption countermeasures from 2001 to 2008. The research from 2009 to 2014 mainly included sports consumption consciousness and sports consumption behavior. From 2015 to 2019, sports and fitness consumption and sports consumption motivation were mainly discussed. After 2019, due to the short period of time and the gradual maturity of research in this field, the research mainly focused on the comprehensive discussion of sports consumption of collegiate students. Conclusions: As the data used for this study were only collected from CNKI literature, there are limitations in obtaining data which were the previous literature. In addition, due to the strict limitation of keywords in the literature search process, it may lead to the omission of sport consumption contents of college student in other articles. Therefore, it is hoped that these problems can be properly solved in the future scientometrics researches.

The Structural Relationship among Desperateness, Mental Strength and Perceived Performance of High School TAEKWONDO Players

Sunghoon Kim,Hongbum Shin J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: Players desperateness is a mental state of readiness for training and competition, which is under-stood to be a variable that influences players performance as a factor that promotes motivation for why they should participate and win. On the other hand, mental strength is psychological strength that directly affects the performance of players, so the relationship between these two variables is clearly classified into a sequential relationship, and finally, the perceived performance of players will be affected by the relationship between these two variables. In addition, it is possible to predict enough that mental strength will play a mediating role in the relationship between desperateness and perceived performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to un-derstand the influence of high school Taekwondo players perceived desperateness through structural relation-ships with their desperateness, mental strength, and perceived performance, and to help them improve their performance. Method: A total of 281 high school Taekwondo players were selected as participants by convenience sampling technique, and they were asked with desperateness questionnaire, mental strength questionnaire, and perceived performance questionnaire. The data analysis of this study was executed by using PASW 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 for the frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and the research model was test through structure equation modeling analysis and the bootstrapping method was used to find out the mediating effect. Results: The desperateness had a positive relationship with mental strength. This is a result of predicting that the higher the level of desperateness, the higher the level of mental strength can be. Desperateness was also found to have a positive causal relationship with perceived performance meaning that the higher the level of desperation, the higher the level of performance perceived by athletes, and it is understood that the desperation of high school taekwondo players can help improve perceived performance. Mental strength had a positive causal relationship with perceived performance. It means the higher the level of mental strength, the higher the level of performance perceived by athletes, and it is understood that the mental strength of high school taekwondo players can help improve the perceived performance. Mental strength had a mediating effect in the relationship between desperateness and perceived performance. Conclusion: The desperateness of athletes is a leading variable that positively influences the improvement of athletes performance. Desperate is a state of mind preparedness for how high school Taekwondo players par-ticipate in sports and games, and it is understood that this mindset is expressed as a strong will for the purpose and direction of action, and it is judged to have a positive impact on the win or lose of the game. Since this study found mental strength had a positive causal relationship with perceived performance mental strength needs to be regarded as a major concern of leaders and coaches as a major factor in determining the win or loss of a game, and should be making continuous efforts to improve the mental strength of athletes.

Case Study on the Change of Body Composition and Physical Fitness of Female College Students through Six-Week Home Training

Hyojoo Jeon,Hongbum Shin,Wookwang Cheon J-INSTITUTE 2023 Kinesiology Vol.8 No.-

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of home training(HT) and gym training(GT) on body composition and basic physical fitness in female college students. Method: In this study, 39 female first-year physical education students enrolled in K University in D city were selected as the subjects of the home training group(HT, n=15), gym training group(GT, n=12), and control group(Con, n=12). The subjects were fully informed of the purpose of the study and gave their voluntary consent to participate in the study. Body composition was measured by Weight, Body Mass Index, Percent Body Fat, Body Fat Mass, Lean Body Mass, and Skeletal Muscle Mass. Physical fitness was measured by grip strength, sit-ups, vertical jump, sitting trunk flexion, and standing on one leg with eyes closed. The exercise program consisted of a warm-up, main exercises(upper body, core, and lower body), and a cool-down, with the core exercises being the same for both programs. Data processing for this study was performed using the SPSS 27.0 statistical program to calculate the mean and standard deviation for each measure, and a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was performed to examine the effect of each item by group and time of measurement. If the interaction was significant, a paired samples t-test was performed, and a one-way analysis of variance was performed to analyze the difference in the mean of the dependent variable between groups at the same time point. Statistical significance was considered at p<.05 for all measures. Results: The main effects of body composition period were significant(p<.05) for body weight, LBM, and skeletal muscle mass, with no significant group interaction. Post hoc tests of the main effect of time revealed a significant main effect for body weight, but no significant post hoc differences from pre to post for any group. The main effects of physical fitness period were significant(p<.01) for the vertical jump, grip strength(left), grip strength(right), sit-ups, and standing on one leg with eyes closed, but the group interaction was not significant for all items. Post hoc tests of the main effect of time showed that the HT group significantly(p<.05) increased from pre to post in the standing vertical jump, grip strength(left) was significantly(p<.05) lower in the GT group from pre to post, and sit-ups were significantly(p<.01) higher in the HT group from pre to post. Conclusion: Gathering the results above, the home training group showed an increase in sit-ups and vertical jump in place from the pre- to post-training, it is possible to see some effectiveness of the training, but it is difficult to clear conclusions. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of home training.

A Scientometrics Research on Physical Activity and Health RISKS of the Elderly

Xuefeng Bai,Hongbum Shin J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: With the deepening of global aging, how to control and prevent the health crisis of the elderly has become the focus of global attention. To address this problem, a large number of studies have been conducted around the world, and physical activity has been shown to be closely linked to health risks in the elderly. In order to sort out the results of many researches, this paper made a scientometrics analysis of the relevant researches in the past 10 years. This can not only systematically understand the current research trend, but also serve as a reference for subsequent research. Method: This study adopted scientometrics and visual analysis methods, thus CiteSpace Visualization based on Java programming was employed as the main tool of the study. Literature searched from Web of Science database from 2010 to present and was used to show the topic evolution of research related to the research topic after analysis. Results: According to the statistics on the time and quantity of the literature on physical activity and health risks of the elderly, it was found that the literature had a stable increasing trend from 2010 to 2012, from 2013 to 2015, from 2016 to 2018, and from 2019 to 2020. Through the analysis of the co-occurring map of institutions on physical activity for elderly, it was found that colleges and universities were the core in the institutions in this field. Geriatrics & Gerontology, Public Environmental & Occupational Health, General & Internal Medicine, Medicine, Nutrition & Dietetics and Physical provided basic for the researches on physical activity and health risks of elderly. The research hotspots were showed as physical activity, risk, risk factor, Older adult, elderly, exercise, mortality, health, prevalence, association. This indicated that the researches on physical activity and health risk of the elderly at this stage mainly focused on the health and physique of the elderly. In the second stage, there were abundant experimental studies on the physical function of the elderly, the physiological dimension of different types of senile chronic diseases, and the risk factors of disease prevention. In the third stage, the researches on the elderly personal health behavior and lifestyle, social support and health promotion began to be prominent. Conclusion: This paper took Web of Science as the data source and used CiteSpace, a scientific measurement tool, to draw the knowledge map of physical activity and health risks of the elderly scientifically and rigorously, and systematically analyzes the basic characteristics, research hotspots and topic evolution of this research field. However, there are still some limitations in the time period, database and search scope of the research results, which we hope can be solved in the follow-up research.

RFID를 활용한 업무 프로세스 관리 및 개선 방안 마련에 대한 연구

조성호(Sungho Jo),나홍범(Hongbum Na),신기태(Kitae Shin),박찬권(Chankwon Park),박진우(Jinwoo Park) 대한산업공학회 2008 대한산업공학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.5

본 논문에서는 작업 공정에 대한 지속적인 모니터링을 통해 자원의 비효율성 및 공정 지연을 측정하고, 이를 해결하기 위한 시스템을 제안하여 업무 효율을 지속적으로 향상시키는 방안을 제시한다. 기존에는 업무 개선을 위한 정보 수집 및 작성을 수작업으로 수행하였기 때문에 신속성과 정확성이 떨어졌다. 본 연구에서는 프로세스 개선을 위한 데이터의 정확성을 높이기 위해, RFID 시스템을 활용하여 자동으로 데이터를 수집하고, 수집한 데이터를 바탕으로 공정의 비효율성을 자동으로 분석함으로써 관리자의 의사결정을 지원한다.

RFID를 활용한 업무 프로세스 관리 및 개선 방안 마련에 대한 연구

조성호(Sungho Jo),나홍범(Hongbum Na),신기태(Kitae Shin),박찬권(Chankwon Park),박진우(Jinwoo Park) 한국경영과학회 2008 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.5

본 논문에서는 작업 공정에 대한 지속적인 모니터링을 통해 자원의 비효율성 및 공정 지연을 측정하고, 이를 해결하기 위한 시스템을 제안하여 업무 효율을 지속적으로 향상시키는 방안을 제시한다. 기존에는 업무 개선을 위한 정보 수집 및 작성을 수작업으로 수행하였기 때문에 신속성과 정확성이 떨어졌다. 본 연구에서는 프로세스 개선을 위한 데이터의 정확성을 높이기 위해, RFID 시스템을 활용하여 자동으로 데이터를 수집하고, 수집한 데이터를 바탕으로 공정의 비효율성을 자동으로 분석함으로써 관리자의 의사결정을 지원한다.

SPORT Fans’ Learning Process in Relation to Sport Rules and Future Consumption of Sport Products

Wanyong Choi,Namhun Lim,Hongbum Shin J-INSTITUTE 2021 Kinesiology Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to conceptualize and test the relationship to determine the influence sport rules acquisition has on sport consumption behaviors. Specially, this study aims to provide more practical evidence regarding the relationship between the processes associated with learning sport rules and intentions regarding future consumption. Consequently, by examining sport rules as they relate to sport fans’ behaviors, this study is to recognize the significance of sport rules and the value they have with regard to marketing practitioners who will be in the position to design more effective marketing strategies. Method: A total of 260 usable responses were collected via QUALTRICS, one of external online survey providers. Rule recognition process was comprised of four subscales and sport consumption behaviors were measured with four subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) was conducted based on the procedures. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the structural relationship among variables and the reliability(Cronbach’s alpha) of each subscale was checked. The average variance extracted(AVE) values were also evaluated, as they indicated whether each item contributes to the basic construct of the scales. Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) showed the measurement of the model and structural model had reasonable fit. The structural model provides a good basis for testing the nature of each individual relationship based on the regression weights, standard error, and critical ratio. The results also showed that statistically significant differences existed between how learning of rules occurred and future consumption pathways. Conclusion: A core product of sport management is the game itself and understanding sport rules is a prerequisite to enjoy the core product. Therefore, it is suggested that the role of understanding sport rules should be considered an important factor for understanding and predicting the sport fan development process and future behaviors.Learning rules via media consumption lends to future consumption of media consumption. Regarding the learning by way of playing sport pathway, it is demonstrated to have a meaningful influence in respect to purchasing sporting goods and attending sporting events.

The Influencing Factors on the Development of Chinese SPORTS Industry in Digital Era: A Systematic Review

Xuefeng Bai,Xuemei Zhao,Hongbum Shin J-INSTITUTE 2020 Kinesiology Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: With the introduction of the concept of digital sports in 2012, Chinese sports industry has begun to enter the digital era and the original business model, market structure and other have been changed. After more than ten years development, digital sports industry has made remarkable achievements, but also exposed some problems. In order to find the answer to the problem, this paper conducted a descriptive statistical research on the factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports industry. Through the analysis of the influencing factors, it hoped to put forward some suggestions to improve the digital development of Chinese sports industry benign. Method: To descriptive statistics result objective and accurate, this study discussed the factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports with a systematic review. It selected 770 articles from CNKI database from January 1st, 2012 to November 21st, 2020 for sorting and summary. After the screening with strict standards, 20 articles were left for information extraction. The extracted information was mainly used to explain the types of factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports industry, and what factors are included in the differ-ent types. Results: It showed that the factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports industry could be di-vided into three types: political factors, economic factors, and technical factors. Different types contain different number of specific factors. Some of these factors contributed to the digital development of Chinese sports indus-try, while some of them had a diminishing or even negligible impact on the digital development of Chinese sports industry. After comprehensive consideration of the research topic, benign factors and ineffective factors were eliminated in this study, and the remaining factors were analyzed according to the actual situation. The analysis results showed that the main factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports industry at the present stage were: sports policies, unbalanced consumption of population proportion and lack of regulatory rules. Conclusion: Based on the results, this study proposed targeted suggestions, expanding the scope of sports welfare policy, enhancing the popularization intensity of sports science and technology, and strengthening the supervision of digital sports field. Among them, expanding the implementation scope of sports welfare policy aimed at welfare policies for emerging industries or trends. Enhancing the popularization intensity of sports sci-ence and technology targeted on the serious aging problem in China. The effective popularization can stimulate the elderly sports consumption, thus achieving the goal of promoting the development of sports industry. Strengthening the supervision was mainly reflected in the establishment of joint supervision by the government, the market and the society to ensure the healthy and orderly development of Chinese sports industry.