Solid-phase based on-chip DNA purification through a valve-free stepwise injection of multiple reagents employing centrifugal force combined with a hydrophobic capillary barrier pressure

Zhang, Hainan,Tran, Hong Hanh,Chung, Bong Hyun,Lee, Nae Yoon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 The Analyst Vol.138 No.6

<P>In this paper, we demonstrate a simple technique for sequentially introducing multiple sample liquids into microchannels driven by centrifugal force combined with a hydrophobic barrier pressure and apply the technique for performing solid-phase based on-chip DNA purification. Three microchannels with varying widths, all equipped with independent sample reservoirs at the inlets, were fabricated on a hydrophobic elastomer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). First, glass beads were packed inside the reaction chamber, and a whole cell containing the DNA extract was introduced into the widest channel by applying centrifugal force for physical adsorption of the DNA onto the glass beads. Next, washing and elution solutions were sequentially introduced into the intermediate and narrowest microchannels, respectively, by gradually increasing the amount of centrifugal force. Through a precise manipulation of the centrifugal force, the DNA adsorbed onto the glass beads was successfully washed and eluted in a continuous manner without the need to introduce each solution manually. A stepwise injection of liquids was successfully demonstrated using multiple ink solutions, the results of which corresponded well with the theoretical analyses. As a practical application, the D1S80 locus of human genomic DNA, which is widely used for forensic purposes, was successfully purified using the microdevice introduced in this study, as demonstrated through successful target amplification. This will pave the way for the construction of a control-free valve system for realizing on-chip DNA purification, which is one of the most labor-intensive and hard-to-miniaturize components, on a greatly simplified and miniaturized platform employing hydrophobic PDMS.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Centrifugal force combined with a hydrophobic capillary barrier pressure on a PDMS microdevice ensures a stepwise injection of multiple reagents in a valve-free manner, applicable for solid-phase based on-chip DNA purification. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3an36409g'> </P>

The Robust Derivative Code for Object Recognition

( Hainan Wang ),( Baochang Zhang ),( Hong Zheng ),( Yao Cao ),( Zhenhua Guo ),( Chengshan Qian ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.1

This paper proposes new methods, named Derivative Code (DerivativeCode) and Derivative Code Pattern (DCP), for object recognition. The discriminative derivative code is used to capture the local relationship in the input image by concatenating binary results of the mathematical derivative value. Gabor based DerivativeCode is directly used to solve the palmprint recognition problem, which achieves a much better performance than the state-of-art results on the PolyU palmprint database. A new local pattern method, named Derivative Code Pattern (DCP), is further introduced to calculate the local pattern feature based on Dervativecode for object recognition. Similar to local binary pattern (LBP), DCP can be further combined with Gabor features and modeled by spatial histogram. To evaluate the performance of DCP and Gabor-DCP, we test them on the FERET and PolyU infrared face databases, and experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a better result than LBP and some state-of-the-arts.

Boosting the oxygen evolution reaction activity of a perovskite through introducing multi-element synergy and building an ordered structure

Sun, Hainan,Xu, Xiaomin,Hu, Zhiwei,Tjeng, Liu Hao,Zhao, Jie,Zhang, Qin,Lin, Hong-Ji,Chen, Chien-Te,Chan, Ting-Shan,Zhou, Wei,Shao, Zongping The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.7 No.16

<P>If different active sites in a catalyst have optimal binding to different reaction intermediates and short reaction paths among them, they may work cooperatively to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. Based on this design principle, in this study, we start with a B-site ordered double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6−δ with poor OER activity as the host material to fulfill the requirement of a short pathway, and then, replace Mo with Ni and Fe with Co to optimize the synergistic interplay of the multi-active sites. Replacing Mo with Ni indeed dramatically enhances the OER activity and structural/operating stability. Further improvement in OER performance is realized by partial substitution of Fe with Co, leading to the development of a material with the nominal composition of Sr2Fe0.8Co0.2Mo0.65Ni0.35O6−δ, which outperforms the noble metal oxide IrO2 and is better than most of the electrocatalysts developed based on a single descriptor, such as Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (eg occupancy close to unity), PrBaCo2O5+δ (O 2p-band center relative to the Fermi level), and La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ (charge-transfer energy) in many aspects. As a universal method, combined structural and compositional tuning to create a cooperative effect among different active sites for intermediate adsorption and reaction in an ordered structure may provide a new way for the design of superior electrocatalysts for various applications.</P>

Observer-based quantized sliding mode $${\varvec{\mathcal {H}}}_{\varvec{\infty }}$$ H ∞ control of Markov jump systems

Shen, Mouquan,Zhang, Hainan,Park, Ju H. Springer-Verlag 2018 Nonlinear dynamics Vol.92 No.2

Fabrication of Polymerase Chain Reaction Plastic Lab-on-a-Chip Device for Rapid Molecular Diagnoses

Trinh, Kieu The Loan,Zhang, Hainan,Kang, Dong-Jin,Kahng, Sung-Hyun,Tall, Ben D.,Lee, Nae Yoon Korean Continence Society 2016 International Neurourology Journal Vol.20 No.1

<P><B>Purpose:</B></P><P>We aim to fabricate a thermoplastic poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) Lab-on-a-Chip device to perform continuous- flow polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for rapid molecular detection of foodborne pathogen bacteria.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>A miniaturized plastic device was fabricated by utilizing PMMA substrates mediated by poly(dimethylsiloxane) interfacial coating, enabling bonding under mild conditions, and thus avoiding the deformation or collapse of microchannels. Surface characterizations were carried out and bond strength was measured. The feasibility of the Lab-on-a-Chip device for performing on-chip PCR utilizing a lab-made, portable dual heater was evaluated. The results were compared with those obtained using a commercially available thermal cycler.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>A PMMA Lab-on-a-Chip device was designed and fabricated for conducting PCR using foodborne pathogens as sample targets. A robust bond was established between the PMMA substrates, which is essential for performing miniaturized PCR on plastic. The feasibility of on-chip PCR was evaluated using <I>Escherichia coli</I> O157:H7 and <I>Cronobacter condimenti</I>, two worldwide foodborne pathogens, and the target amplicons were successfully amplified within 25 minutes.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>In this study, we present a novel design of a low-cost and high-throughput thermoplastic PMMA Lab-on-a-Chip device for conducting microscale PCR, and we enable rapid molecular diagnoses of two important foodborne pathogens in minute resolution using this device. In this regard, the introduced highly portable system design has the potential to enable PCR investigations of many diseases quickly and accurately.</P>

Fabrication of Polymerase Chain Reaction Plastic Lab-on-a-Chip Device for Rapid Molecular Diagnoses

Kieu The Loan Trinh,Hainan Zhang,강동진,강성현,Ben D. Tall,이내윤 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2016 International Neurourology Journal Vol.20 No.S1

Purpose: We aim to fabricate a thermoplastic poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) Lab-on-a-Chip device to perform continuous- flow polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for rapid molecular detection of foodborne pathogen bacteria. Methods: A miniaturized plastic device was fabricated by utilizing PMMA substrates mediated by poly(dimethylsiloxane) interfacial coating, enabling bonding under mild conditions, and thus avoiding the deformation or collapse of microchannels. Surface characterizations were carried out and bond strength was measured. The feasibility of the Lab-on-a-Chip device for performing on-chip PCR utilizing a lab-made, portable dual heater was evaluated. The results were compared with those obtained using a commercially available thermal cycler. Results: A PMMA Lab-on-a-Chip device was designed and fabricated for conducting PCR using foodborne pathogens as sample targets. A robust bond was established between the PMMA substrates, which is essential for performing miniaturized PCR on plastic. The feasibility of on-chip PCR was evaluated using Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Cronobacter condimenti, two worldwide foodborne pathogens, and the target amplicons were successfully amplified within 25 minutes. Conclusions: In this study, we present a novel design of a low-cost and high-throughput thermoplastic PMMA Lab-on-a- Chip device for conducting microscale PCR, and we enable rapid molecular diagnoses of two important foodborne pathogens in minute resolution using this device. In this regard, the introduced highly portable system design has the potential to enable PCR investigations of many diseases quickly and accurately.

A BIM Based Approach for Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges

Xiaofei Li,Yuyu Xiao,Hainan Guo,Jisong Zhang 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.26 No.1

With the development of bridges, independent condition assessment of large-scale bridges has garnered significant attention over the past few decades. Data-driven structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques offer valuable information on the existing health of the structures, maintain safety, and uninterrupted use under varied operational conditions by undertaking timely risk and hazard mitigation. Traditional approaches, however, are not enough to monitor a large amount of SHM data and conduct systematic decision making for future maintenance. In this paper, a bridge health monitoring system is developed through the combination of building information modeling (BIM) and traditional bridge health monitoring that can organize and visualize a considerable amount of sensor data and subsequent structural health information over a prolonged period. The system can identify the structural damage by evaluating the data from sensors using Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) in bilinear time-frequency analysis. A BIM-enabled platform is utilized to develop the proposed visualization tool for a long-span bridge and enable automated sensor data inventory into the BIM environment. The system has been tested for its robustness and functionality against the development requirements, and the results showed promising potential to support more effective bridge information management.

Laccase-Mediated In Situ Oxidation of Dopamine for Dyeing of Human Hair

Weini Jia,Shirong Li,Zhengxin Luo,Hainan Yu,Wenjun Zhu,Wenjun Zhu,Qing-hui Mao,Xiaoli Zhang,Zhi-jie Liang,Aixue Dong 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.1

Due to the damage of scalp because of chemical dyes, increasing attention had been paid to the ecological dyeingof human hair. To address the need for ecological restoration and dyeing of human hair, herein, a novel approach has beenproposed via laccase-mediated in situ oxidation of dihydroxy phenylalanine (dopamine). As laccase can catalyze dopamineoxidation and then polymerization to produce strongly colored polymers, different biological coloration processes of humanhair based on this process were investigated: (i) Human hair was treated with laccase alone; (ii) The absorption of human hairwith dopamine, followed by further catalysis of air; (iii) The absorption of human hair with dopamine, followed by furthercatalysis of laccase; (iv) Simultaneous laccase-mediated polymerization and dyeing of human hair; and (v) Polymerization ofDopamine with laccase and then dyeing human hair. The surface properties of dyed hair were evaluated in terms of ultraviolet(UV)-protection, color fastness, Fourier transforming infrared spectrum (FT-IR), optical microscope, and scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM). The results show that best hair dyeing effect was achieved via simultaneous laccase-mediatedpolymerization and dyeing. The dyed hair obtained K/S values of 28, light fastness of level 5, and UPF of 100+. The opticalmicroscope and SEM observations show that the surface of colored hair fibers was covered with thin burrs, which can beattributed to polydopamine attached with physical adhesive force and covalent reaction. FT-IR analysis shows that functionalgroups were present on the surface of the dyed hair which can be considered as introduction of hydroxyl radical groups. Thisbiological stain technique may be widely used in dyeing of hair with black color.

Surface structure-dependent hydrophobicity/oleophilicity of pyrite and its influence on coal flotation

Xin Qi,Xin Li,Yannan Liang,Hainan Wang,Wei Guo,Xingshun Cong,Fakui Lv,Haijun Zhang 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.87 No.-

Flotation is an important method to remove the inorganic sulfur from coal. Its effect depends on thedifference in adhesion between coal and pyrite to air bubbles andflotation reagents. In this study, theinterface properties of coal powder/plate and pyrite powder/crystals were investigated using acomprehensive approach combining wetting process, induction time, contact angle, and X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental results show that the spreading and adsorption speedof diethyl phthalate on pyrite crystals and powder is close to that on coal surface in the air. However, theadsorption rate of pyrite to water is much higher than that of coal. In aqueous environment, it is difficultfor diethyl phthalate to spread on pyrite crystals, especially in alkaline solution. The difference ofhydrophobicity between coal and pyrite at air–water interface is smaller than that at oil–water interface. The adhesion of air bubble and reagent droplet on three pyrite facets is also different. The oxidation ofpyrite {100} is faster and greater than that of {210} and {111} facets in alkaline solution, which is beneficialto the coal desulfurization. Thesefindings disclose the hydrophobicity/oleophilicity and structure-reactivity dependence of pyrite in theflotation.