Prostate-specific antigen 10–20 ng/mL: A predictor of degree of upgrading to ≥8 among patients with biopsy Gleason score 6

Glen Denmer R. Santok,Ali Abdel Raheem,Lawrence HCKim,장기돈,Trenton GH Lum,정병하,최영득,나군호 대한비뇨의학회 2017 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.58 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the predictors of upgrading and degree of upgrading among patients who have initial Gleason score (GS) 6 treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of the data of 359 men with an initial biopsy GS 6, localized prostate cancer who underwent RARP between July 2005 to June 2010 was performed. They were grouped into group 1 (nonupgrade) and group 2 (upgraded) based on their prostatectomy specimen GS. Logistic regression analysis of studied cases identified significant predictors of upgrading and the degree of upgrading after RARP. Results: The mean age and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 63±7.5 years, 8.9±8.77 ng/mL, respectively. Median follow-up was 59 months (interquartile range, 47–70 months). On multivariable analysis, age, PSA, PSA density and ≥2 cores positive were predictors of upgrading with (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.06; p=0.003; OR, 1.006; 95% CI, 1.01–1.11; p=0.018; OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43–0.98, p=0.04), respectively. On subanalysis, only PSA level of 10–20 ng/mL is associated with upgrading into GS ≥8. They also had lower biochemical recurrence free survival, cancer specific survival, and overall survival (p≤0.001, p=0.003, and p=0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Gleason score 6 patients with PSA (10–20 ng/mL) have an increased risk of upgrading to pathologic GS (≥8), subsequently poorer oncological outcome thus require a stricter follow-up. These patients should be carefully counseled in making an optimal treatment decision.

Proctorship and mentoring: Its backbone and application in robotic surgery

Glen Denmer Santok,Ali Abdel Raheem,Lawrence HCKim,장기돈,정병하,최영득,나군호 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.-

In pursuit of continuing medical education in robotic surgery, several forms of training have been implemented. This variable application of curriculum has brought acquisition of skills in a heterogeneous and unstandardized fashion from different parts of the world. Recently, efforts have been made to provide cost effective and well-structured curricula with the aim of bridging the gap between formal fellowship training and short courses. Proctorship training has been implicated on some curriculum to provide excellent progression during the learning curve while ensuring patient safety.

The Liberalization of Argentina's Economics Profession

Glen Biglaiser 한국공공정책학회 2003 공공정책연구 Vol.14 No.-

This essay seeks to explain the shift in Argentina's economics profession from structuralism to neoliberalism. It stresses the effect of international financial support and domestic demand for promoting market-oriented ideas. Financial aid provided by US government agencies and private foundations, and academic prospects for economists in their home countries influences the socialization of US economics abroad. By examining the economics professions in Argentina, this study details how values are introduced and spread through educational systems. It also indicates an innovative approach for proliferating US ideas that affects public policy abroad.

A Comparison of Mathematical Models of Left Ventricular Contractility Derived from Aortic Blood Flow Velocity and Acceleration: Application to the Esophageal Doppler Monitor

Glen Atlas,John K-J. Li,John B. Kostis 대한의용생체공학회 2014 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.4 No.3

Purpose The esophageal Doppler monitor (EDM) hastraditionally been used for minimally-invasive and continuousassessment of both cardiac output and intravascular volume. These measurements are based upon a beat-to-beat analysisof the velocity of distal thoracic aortic blood flow. Thepurpose of this paper is to compare different mathematicalmodels of LV contractile function which could utilize theEDM and subsequently be determined on a continuous basis. Methods This study investigated velocity-based contractilitymodels: peak velocity, (PV); ejection fraction, EF; meanejection fraction, ; and maximum LV radial shorteningvelocity, . Also examined are acceleration-basedmodels: mean acceleration, (MA); force, (F); the maximumrate of rise of systolic arterial blood pressure, ; andkinetic energy, (KE). Results When normalized and subsequently observed on adimensionless basis, acceleration-based models appear tohave a statistically significant greater sensitivity to changesin LV contractility. Furthermore, by combining simultaneousarterial blood pressure measurements with EDM-based flow information, the components of afterload and their effects onLV contractility could be estimated. Conclusions Future research is warranted to determine theapplicability and limitations of the EDM in continuousassessment of LV contractility and related hemodynamicparameters.

Corrigendum: Incorrect Spelling of Author's Name: US Preventive Services Task Force prostate-specific antigen screening guidelines result in higher Gleason score diagnoses

Glen Gejerman,Patrick Ciccone,Martin Goldstein,Vincent Lanteri,Burton Schlecker,John Sanzone,Michael Esposito,Sergey Rome,Michael Ciccone,Eric Margolis,Robert Simon,Yijun Guo,Sri-Ram Pentakota,Hossein 대한비뇨의학회 2018 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.59 No.4

Probing the subcutaneous absorption of a PEGylated FUD peptide nanomedicine via in vivo fluorescence imaging

Glen S. Kwon,Lauren Repp,Inger Toraason,Pawel Zbyszynski 나노기술연구협의회 2019 Nano Convergence Vol.6 No.22

The Functional Upstream Domain (FUD) peptide is a potent inhibitor of fibronectin assembly and a therapeutic candidate for disorders linked with hyperdeposition of fibronectin-modulated ECM proteins. Most recently, experiments involving subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of a PEGylated FUD (PEG-FUD) of 27.5 kDa molecular weight yielded a significant reduction of fibronectin and collagen deposition in a murine model of renal fibrosis. The benefits of FUD PEGylation need to be studied to unlock the full potential of the PEG-FUD platform. This work studies the impact of PEGylating the FUD peptide with differently sized PEG on its absorption from the site of injection following s.c. delivery using non-invasive in vivo fluorescence imaging. The FUD and mFUD (control) peptides and their 10 kDa, 20 kDa, and 40 kDa PEG conjugates were labeled with the sulfo-Cy5 fluorophore. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and confocal fluorescence microscopy experiments verified FUD and PEG-FUD fibronectin binding activity preservation following sulfo-Cy5 labeling. Fluorescence in vivo imaging experiments revealed a linear relationship between the absorption apparent half-life (t1/2) and the MW of FUD, mFUD, and their PEG conjugates. Detected drug signal in the kidney and bladder regions of mice suggests that smaller peptides of both the FUD and mFUD series enter the kidney earlier and in higher amounts than their larger PEG conjugates. This work highlights an important delayed dose absorption enhancement that MW modification via PEGylation can contribute to a drug when combined with the subcutaneous route of delivery.

Robotic surgery an evolution of future direction

Glen Denmer Santok,나군호 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.-

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The horizontal and vertical fragmentation of academic work and the challenge for academic governance and leadership

Glen A. Jones 서울대학교 교육연구소 2013 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.14 No.1

Academic work has become increasingly fragmented. The horizontal fragmentation of the profession into disciplinary tribes has been accompanied by the increasing participation of student affairs and educational development professionals located outside the academic units but are actively engaged in academic work, such as supporting teaching and student learning. An increasing vertical fragmentation of academic work has recently occurred within academic units with the increasing employment of contract university teachers and research assistants. In Canada, horizontal and vertical fragmentations have occurred while universities and strong faculty unions have protected the “traditional” tenure-stream professoriate. Drawing on recent research, the author argues that these Canadian full-time faculties have high levels of job satisfaction and are well-remunerated, productive scholars. Maintaining the status and the supportive working conditions of the full-time, tenure-stream professoriate has largely been accomplished through labor cost efficiencies created by the increasing use of part-time, contractual university teachers, now frequently represented by labor unions that are distinct from their full-time peers. This article discusses the challenges for academic governance and leadership associated with this increasing fragmentation of academic work in the context of the “global” university.

US Preventive Services Task Force prostate-specific antigen screening guidelines result in higher Gleason score diagnoses

Glen Gejerman,Patrick Ciccone,Martin Goldstein,Vincent Lanteri,Burton Schlecker,John Sanzone,Michael Esposito,Sergey Rome,Michael Ciccone,Eric Margolis,Robert Simon,Yijun Guo,Sri-Ram Pentakota,Hossein 대한비뇨의학회 2017 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.58 No.6

Purpose: To evaluate the impact that the 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening guidelines have had on the diagnosis of prostate cancer, we compared the incidence and distribution of new cases diagnosed in 2011-before the USPSTF PSA screening recommendations versus 2014 at which time the guidelines were widely adopted. Materials and Methods: We identified all prostate biopsies performed by a large urology group practice utilizing a centralized pathology lab. We examined total biopsies performed, percentage of positive biopsies, and for those with positive biopsies examined for differences in patient age, PSA, and Gleason score. Results: A total of 4,178 biopsies were identified – 2,513 in 2011 and 1,665 in 2014. The percentage of positive biopsies was 27% in 2011 versus 34% in 2014 (p<0.0001). Among patients with positive biopsies, we found statistically significant differences between the 2 cohorts in the median ages and Gleason scores. Patients were about 1 year younger in 2014 compared to 2011 (t-test; p=0.043). High Gleason scores (8–10) were diagnosed in 19% of the 2014 positive biopsies versus 9% in the 2011 positive biopsies (chi square; p<0.0001). Conclusions: After the widespread implementation of the 2011 USPTF PSA screening guidelines, 34% fewer biopsies were performed with a 29% increase in positive biopsy rates. We found a significantly higher incidence of high grade disease in 2014 compared with 2011. The percentage of patients with positive biopsies having Gleason scores 8–10 more than doubled in 2014. The higher incidence of these more aggressive cancers must be part of the discussion regarding PSA screening.

Agenda-Setting and Policy Innovation: An Examination of College Student Aid Programs

Glen S,Krutz 한국공공정책학회 2003 공공정책연구 Vol.13 No.-

I investigate the decisions of American states to initiate state-level student financial aid programs for disadvantaged college and university students. Such decisions are termed policy innovations in the public policy literature. I argue that two missing but critical factors must be incorporated into explanations of state policy innovations in addition to the broad political factors previously examined by scholars. First, agenda-setting processes must be considered to understand why such innovations occur. Second, we must consider the potentially powerful role of the federal government in precipitating state policy innovations. My analysis focuses on two states-California and Nevada-while also considering what occurred in the other American states and in the federal government. I find that agenda-setting processes as well as broad political factors playa role in policy innovation. I also find an important role for the federal government in precipitating policy change in the states.