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CAROD: Computer-Aided Reliable and Optimal Design as a concurrent system for real structures
Kharmanda, Ghias,Mohamed, Alaa,Lemaire, Maurice Society for Computational Design and Engineering 2002 International Journal of CAD/CAM Vol.2 No.1
Computer-Aided Reliable and Optimal Design (CAROD) system is an efficient tool defining the best compromise between cost and safety. Using the concurrent engineering concept, it can supply the designer with all numerical information in the design process. This system integrates several fields such as multidisciplinary optimization, reliability analysis, finite element analysis, geometrical modeling, sensitivity analysis and concurrent engineering. When integrating these disciplines, many difficulties are found such as model coupling and computational time. In this paper, we propose a new concurrent methodology satisfying the reliability requirement, allowing the coupling of different models and reducing the computational time. Two applications (rotating disk and hook structures) demonstrate that CAROD system can be a practical concurrent engineering application for designers.
Rauf, Abdur,Uddin, Ghias,Raza, Muslim,Ahmad, Bashir,Jehan, Noor,Siddiqui, Bina S,Molnar, Joseph,Csonka, Akos,Szabo, Diana Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.1
Phytochemical investigation of Pistacia integerrima has highlighted isolation of two known compounds naringenin (1) and dihydrokaempferol (2). A crude extract and these isolated compounds were here evaluated for their effects on reversion of multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein is a target for chemotherapeutic drugs from cancer cells. In the present study rhodamine-123 exclusion screening test on human mdr1 gene transfected mouse gene transfected L5178 and L5178Y mouse T-cell lymphoma cells showed excellent MDR reversing effects in a dose dependent manner. In-silico molecular docking investigations demonstrated a common binding site for Rhodamine123, and compounds naringenin and dihydrokaempferol. Our results showed that the relative docking energies estimated by docking softwares were in satisfactory correlation with the experimental activities. Preliminary interaction profile of P-gp docked complexes were also analysed in order to understand the nature of binding modes of these compounds. Our computational investigation suggested that the compounds interactions with the hydrophobic pocket of P-gp are mainly related to the inhibitory activity. Moreover this study s a platform for the discovery of novel natural compounds from herbal origin, as inhibitor molecules against the P-glycoprotein for the treatment of cancer.
Rauf, Abdur,Uddin, Ghias,Raza, Muslim,Ahmad, Aftab,Jehan, Noor,Ahmad, Bashir,Nisar, Muhammad,Molnar, Joseph,Csonka, Akos,Szabo, Diana,Khan, Ajmal,Farooq, Umar,Noor, Mah Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4
Pistagremic acid (PA) is a bioactive triterpenoid isolated from various parts of Pistacia integerrima plants. The aim of this research was to investigate PA for reversion of multidrug resistant (MDR) mediated by P-glycoprotein using rhodamine-123 exclusion study on a multidrug resistant human ABCB1 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B, member 1) gene-transfected mouse T-lymphoma cell line in vitro. Results were similar to those with verapamil as a positive control. Docking studies of PA and standard Rhodamine123 were carried out against a P-gp crystal structure which showed satisfactory results. Actually, PA cannot bind exactly where co-crystallized ligand of P-gp is already present. However, the docking study predicted that if a compound gives a lesser score then it may have some potency. The docking scores of PA and Rhodamine were similar. Therefore, we can conclude that there are certain important chemical features of PA which are responsible for the inhibiting potency of P-gp.
Parit Mekaroonkamol,Kasenee Tiankanon,Rapat Pittayanon,Wiriyaporn Ridtitid,Fariha Shams,Ghias Un Nabi Tayyab,Julia Massaad,Saurabh Chawla,Stanley Khoo,Siriboon Attasaranya,Nonthalee Pausawasdi,Qiang C 대한소화기내시경학회 2022 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.55 No.2
Background/Aims: The Thai Association for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy published recommendations on safe endoscopyduring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to assess the practicality and applicability of therecommendations and the perceptions of endoscopy personnel on them. Methods: A validated questionnaire was sent to 1290 endoscopy personnel globally. Of these, the data of all 330 responders (25.6%)from 15 countries, related to the current recommendations on proper personal protective equipment (PPE), case selection, scopecleaning, and safety perception, were analyzed. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the relationships between thevariables. Results: Despite an overwhelming agreement with the recommendations on PPE (94.5%) and case selection (95.5%), theirpracticality and applicability on PPE recommendations and case selection were significantly lower (p=0.001, p=0.047, p<0.001, andp=0.032, respectively). Factors that were associated with lower sense of safety in endoscopy units were younger age (p=0.004), lessworking experience (p=0.008), in-training status (p=0.04), and higher national prevalence of COVID-19 (p=0.003). High prevalentcountries also had more difficulty implementing the guidelines (p<0.001) and they considered the PPE recommendations lesspractical and showed lower agreement with them (p<0.001 and p=0.008, respectively). A higher number of in-hospital COVID-19patients was associated with less agreement with PPE recommendations (p=0.039). Conclusions: Using appropriate PPE and case selection in endoscopic practice during a pandemic remains a challenge. Resourceavailability and local prevalence are critical factors influencing the adoption of the current guidelines.
Siddique, Sabeehuddin,Tariq, Kanwal,Rafiq, Sobia,Raheem, Ahmed,Ahmed, Rashida,Shabbir-Moosajee, Munira,Ghias, Kulsoom Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.5
Background: Early onset sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a biologically and clinically distinct entity hypothesized to exhibit differences in histological features and microsatellite instability (MSI) as compared to typical onset CRC. This study compared the MSI status, mismatch repair enzyme deficiency and clinicopathological features of early onset (aged ${\leq}45$ years) with controls (>45 years). Materials and Methods: A total of 30 cases and 30 controls were analyzed for MSI status using the Bethesda marker panel. Using antibodies against hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6, mismatch repair protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Molecular characteristics were correlated with clinicopathological features. Results: The early onset sporadic CRCs were significantly more poorly differentiated tumors, with higher N2 nodal involvement and greater frequency of signet ring phenotype than the typical onset cases. MSI was observed in 18/30 cases, with 12/18 designated as MSI-high (MSI-H) and 6/18 designated as MSI-low (MSI-L). In the control group, 14 patients exhibited MSI, with 7 MSI-H and 7 MSI-L. MSI tumors in both cases and controls exhibited loss of hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6. MSS tumors did not exhibit loss of expression of MMR proteins, except hMLH1 protein in 3 controls. No statistically significant difference was noted in MSI status or expression of MMR proteins in cases versus controls. Conclusions: Microsatellite status is comparable between early and typical onset sporadic CRC patients in Pakistan suggesting that differences in clinicopathological features between these two subsets are attributable to other molecular mechanisms.
On pandemics and pivots: a COVID-19 reflection on envisioning the future of medical education
Heeyoung Han,Amy Clithero-Eridon,Manuel Joã,o Costa,Caitriona A. Dennis,J. Kevin Dorsey,Kulsoom Ghias,Alex Hopkins,Kauser Jabeen,Debra Klamen,Sophia Matos,John D. Mellinger,Harm Peters,Suzanne Pitama 한국의학교육학회 2021 Korean journal of medical education Vol.33 No.4
The required adjustments precipitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis have been challenging, but also represent a critical opportunity for the evolution and potential disruptive and constructive change of medical education. Given that the format of medical education is not fixed, but malleable and in fact must be adaptable to societal needs through ongoing reflexivity, we find ourselves in a potentially transformative learning phase for the field. An Association for Medical Education in Europe ASPIRE Academy group of 18 medical educators from seven countries was formed to consider this opportunity, and identified critical questions for collective reflection on current medical education practices and assumptions, with the attendant challenge to envision the future of medical education. This was achieved through online discussion as well as asynchronous collective reflections by group members. Four major themes and related conclusions arose from this conversation: Why we teach: the humanitarian mission of medicine should be reinforced; what we teach: disaster management, social accountability and embracing an environment of complexity and uncertainty should be the core; how we teach: open pathways to lean medical education and learning by developing learners embedded in a community context; and whom we teach: those willing to take professional responsibility. These collective reflections provide neither fully matured digests of the challenges of our field, nor comprehensive solutions; rather they are offered as a starting point for medical schools to consider as we seek to harness the learning opportunities stimulated by the pandemic.
Bernard Yan,Hans Tu,Christina Lam,Corey Swift,Ma Sze Ho,Vincent C.T. Mok,Yi Sui,David Sharpe,Darshan Ghia,Jim Jannes,Stephen Davis,Xinfeng Liu,Ben Freedman 대한뇌졸중학회 2020 Journal of stroke Vol.22 No.3
Background and Purpose Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) underlying acute stroke frequently evades detection by standard practice, considered to be a combination of routine electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, and 24-hour Holter recordings. We hypothesized that nurse-led in-hospital intermittent monitoring approach would increase PAF detection rate. Methods We recruited patients hospitalised for stroke/transient ischemic attack, without history of atrial fibrillation (AF), in a prospective multi-centre observational study. Patients were monitored using a smartphone-enabled handheld ECG (iECG) during routine nursing observations, and underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring according to local practice. The primary outcome was comparison of AF detection by nurse-led iECG versus Holter monitoring in patients who received both tests: secondary outcome was oral anticoagulant commencement at 3-month following PAF detection. Results One thousand and seventy-nine patients underwent iECG monitoring: 294 had iECG and Holter monitoring. AF was detected in 25/294 (8.5%) by iECG, and 8/294 (2.8%) by 24-hour Holter recordings (P<0.001). Median duration from stroke onset to AF detection for iECG was 3 days (interquartile range [IQR], 2 to 6) compared with 7 days (IQR, 6 to 10) for Holter recordings (P=0.02). Of 25 patients with AF detected by iECG, 11 were commenced on oral anticoagulant, compared to 5/8 for Holter. AF was detected in 8.8% (69/785 patients) who underwent iECG recordings only (P=0.8 vs. those who had both iECG and 24-hour Holter). Conclusions Nurse-led in-hospital iECG surveillance after stroke is feasible and effective and detects more PAF earlier and more frequently than routine 24-hour Holter recordings. Screening with iECG could be incorporated into routine post-stroke nursing observations to increase diagnosis of PAF, and facilitate institution of guideline-recommended anticoagulation.