한국 남부 연안해역의 탄소동위원소연대 보정

공기수,이치원,KONG, GEE SOO,LEE, CHI WON 한국해양학회 2005 바다 Vol.10 No.2

한국 주변해역의 해양시료에서 측정된 탄소동위원소 연대 값을 실제 역년(calendar age)값에 가깝게 변환하기 위하여 국립수산과학원(NFRDI)에서 제공한 핵실험 이전인 1942년에 한국 연안에서 채취한 2종의 연체동물 패각 시료를 이용하여 marine reservoir correction$({\Delta}R)$ 값을 측정하였다. 남서해안에서의 측정된 ${\Delta}R$ 값은 $-117\pm45\;^{14}C\;yr$, 남동해안에서 측정된 값은 $-160\pm35\;^{14}C\;yr$로 계산되었다. 이 값들은 황해의 중국연안에서 측정된 값들의 범위에 속하는데 이는 중국과 한국 연안해역에서 reservoir $^{14}C$ age가 지구규모의 해양 평균 reservoir $^{14}C$ age보다 적은 값을 갖고 있음을 말한다. 이들 지역의 낮은 ${\Delta}R$ 값은 아마도 담수유입의 영향을 반영하는 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서 제시된 ${\Delta}R$값은 한국 주변해역에서 측정된 탄소동위원소 연대 값을 실제 역년 값에 가깝게 변환시킬 수 있도록 도움을 줄 것이다. Marine reservoir correction $({\Delta}R)$ values are measured using two species of mollusk tests collected by NFRDI in 1942 before nuclear bomb testing to convert the radiocarbon age to calendar age in Korean coastal waters more accurately. The ${\Delta}R$ values are calculated to be $-117\pm45\;^{14}C\;yr$ in the southwestern coast of Korea and $-160\pm35\;^{14}C\;yr$ in southeastern coast. These values are similar to those in Chinese coast of the Yellow Sea $(-81\pm60\~-178\pm50\;^{14}C\;yr$, indicating that regional reservoir $^{14}C$ ages of these areas are lower than mean global reservoir $^{14}C$ age. The lower ${\Delta}R$ values in these areas are presumed to be mainly caused by influence of fresh-water inflow. The ${\Delta}R$ values presented In this study enhance the accuracy in converting radiocarbon age to calendar age in Korean coastal waters.

북동태평양 해저퇴적물의 Be 연대측정

최헌수 ( Hun Soo Choi ),공기수 ( Gee Soo Kong ),김지훈 ( Ji Hoon Kim ),엄인권 ( In Kwon Um ) 한국광물학회 2011 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.24 No.3

북동태평양 우리나라 광구 KR5지역의 해저퇴적물 퇴적연대와 퇴적환경의 변화를 살펴보고자, 상자형 코아 시료에 대해 심도에 따른 Be 동위원소 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 코아 시료(BC08-02-13)는 상부에서부터 FaciesⅠ, FaciesⅡ, FaciesⅢ 세 개의 암상으로 구분된다. FaciesⅠ은 갈색/암갈색을 띠는 (10YR4/3) 균질한 머드로 높은 함수량을 보이는 것이 특징적이다. FaciesⅡ는 갈황색을 띠고 10YR6/6), FaciesⅠ과는 부정합적인 관계를 보이며, FaciesⅢ는 암갈색을 띠는 머드층이다. FaciesⅡ과 FaciesⅢ에는 생교란작용에 의한 서관구조가 발달되어 있다. Be 연대측정 결과에 의하면 BC08-02-13 코아의 FaciesⅢ 는 3.7 Ma 이전에 퇴적되었으며, FaciesⅡ는 2.3 Ma 이전에 퇴적되었고, 그 후 환경변화에 의해 FaciesⅡ 상부가 침식을 받은 후 약 1.8 Ma 이후 현재까지 FaciesⅠ이 퇴적되었다. FaciesⅠ과 FaciesⅡ 경계의 부정합은 적도수렴대의 이동에 의한 환경변화에 의한 것으로 보인다. In order to investigate absolute age of marine sediment in the KR5 region, northeastern Pacific, we measured the Be isotope (10Be and 9Be) of box core (BC08-02-13) sediment with depth. Core sediment is divided into three sedimentary facies (FaciesⅠ, FaciesⅡ, FaciesⅢ). FaciesⅠ mainly consists of brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) homogeneous mud with high water content. FaciesⅡ shows brownish yellow (10YR6/6) color. The unconformity is recognized at the boundary between FaciesⅠ and FaciesⅡ, FaciesⅢ consists of very dark brown (10YR2/2) mud. Many bioturbated burrows are observed at FaciesⅡ and FaciesⅢ. Based on Be dating results, FaciesⅢ and FaciesⅡ had been deposited before 3.7 Ma and 2.3 Ma, respectively. After 2.3 Ma, the upper part of FaciesⅡ was eroded due to the change of sedimenary environment. FaciesⅠ has been deposited since 1.8 Ma. The unconformity located at the boundary between FaciesⅠ and FaciesⅡ may be driven by the envrionmental change due to the migration of Intertropical Convergence Zone.

Sequence stratigraphy and evolution history of the continental shelf of South Sea, Korea, since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)

Lee, Gwang-Soo,Cukur, Deniz,Yoo, Dong-Geun,Bae, Sung Ho,Kong, Gee-Soo Elsevier 2017 QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL Vol.459 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>High-resolution seismic data (Chirp and Sparker profiles) were used to investigate the sequence stratigraphy and evolution of the continental shelf of the South Sea, Korea, since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Approximately 1950 km of chirp and sparker profiles were acquired. Along with seismic profiling, 30 piston core samples were collected and two previous long drill cores (SSDP-103 and 104) were tied to the seismic data. Our data show nine types of seismic facies on the basis of seafloor morphology and sub-bottom acoustic characters. Based on the analysis of seismic profiles, shelf deposits of the South Sea accumulated after the onset of the LGM can be divided into five sedimentary units; S1 to S5, from top to bottom. Correlation between sediment cores and seismic data suggests that Unit S5 is an incised channel fill formed by fluvial or coastal sediments during the early transgressive stage, accompanied by backstepping of the shoreline. Unit S4 is a transgressive sand layer reflecting the deposition of coarse sediments due to the strong currents and tides, following the rapid retreat of the coastline. Unit S3 represents paleo channel- and basin-fill deposits formed in estuary or delta environments near the inner continental shelf. Unit S2 forms an inner shelf transgressive sand layer including sand ridges. Unit S1 is interpreted as the most recent mud formed during the sea level highstand stage when the sea-level rise ended. Our results show that the sedimentary evolution of the continental shelf of the South Sea, since the LGM, has been closely related to the sea-level changes. The distribution of paleo-channels is associated with the paleo-Seomjin River, local sediment supply, and continental shelf erosion.</P>

Morphology and genesis of giant seafloor depressions on the southeastern continental shelf of the Korean Peninsula

Cukur, Deniz,Kong, Gee-Soo,Chun, Jong-Hwa,Kang, Moo-Hee,Um, In-Kwon,Kwon, Taekhyun,Johnson, Samuel Y.,Kim, Kyong-O Elsevier 2019 Marine geology Vol.415 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We identify and describe five giant seafloor depressions from the southeastern continental shelf of the Korean Peninsula using multibeam bathymetry, sub-bottom profiler, and multi-channel seismic reflection data, supplemented by piston cores. Multibeam bathymetry data from the shelf show four crescent-shaped depressions (SD1 to SD4) and one near-circular depression (SD5) within a group of NW-SE trending depressions, the largest covering an area of about 7 km<SUP>2</SUP> on the seafloor. The depressions reach up to ~4.5 km in width and ~2 km in length and have asymmetric cross-sections. Some have depths as large as 40 m below the surrounding seafloor with walls as steep as 45°. The depressions are confined to water depths between 130 and 170 m and bounded on the north by a large submarine channel that was plausibly formed by fluvial or tidal processes during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sea-level lowstand. Multi-channel seismic and sub-bottom profiler data reveal truncated depression walls and the presence of sediment drift deposits within the depressions, indicating that both erosion and deposition are active processes. Flaser and lenticular bedding in the cored drift deposits along with variable grain size (ranging between ~2.6 phi and ~4.3 phi) are diagnostic features of the bottom currents influenced by tidal forces. Depressions SD1 to SD4 lack evidence of fluid or gas escape. In contrast, many features of depression SD5 are characteristic of gas escapes and blowouts, including acoustic anomalies, a 20-m-high carbonate mound or carbonate-encrusted mound, and mud dikes and mud patches in cores. Based on the SD5 example, we think it is likely that the other crescent-shaped seafloor depressions formed originally as pockmarks by gas/fluid venting, and have since become inactive. The pockmarks represent zones of weakened sediment that were eroded, expanded, and merged by bottom currents to form larger seafloor depressions. Modern currents are strong enough to transport shelf sediments, and these currents were probably much stronger at lower sea levels when the Korea Strait was a more restricted passage between the East China Sea and East Sea.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Four crescent-shaped seafloor depressions (SD1 to SD4) from the SE shelf of Korea </LI> <LI> These depressions have 25 to 40 m of depths below the adjacent shelf </LI> <LI> Evidence of drift deposits inside the depressions and erosion at the depression walls </LI> <LI> SD1 to SD4 probably began as pockmarks and then were modified by submarine currents </LI> <LI> We also document a smaller circular depression (SD5) that we consider as pockmark </LI> </UL> </P>

수퍼마켓을 통한 유기폐기물 회수방안에 관한 연구

도갑수,공석기 ( Kap Soo Doh,Suk Gee Kong ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 1987 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.4 No.2

남해 대륙붕 홀로세 퇴적물의 유기지화학적 특성과 고해양학적 의미

공기수,한현철,김성필,김지훈,Kong, Gee-Soo,Han, Hyun-Chul,Kim, Seong-Pil,Kim, Ji-Hun,Stott, Lowell 대한자원환경지질학회 2009 자원환경지질 Vol.42 No.2

섬진강부근 남해 대륙붕에서 획득한 시추퇴적물에서 유기지화학적(TC, TN, TS, $CaCO_3$, TOC, C/N, $\delta^{13}C$) 그리고 열분해(HI, OI, Tmax) 분석을 통하여 유기물 성분의 공간적 변화와 유기물 기원의 시간적 변화를 조사하였다. 섬진강 하구에 인접한 코아 SJ03에서 TC, TN, TS 값은 비교적 낮고 일정한 값을 보인다. 그러나, 내대륙붕 중앙 지역에서 획득한 코아 SJ02와 SJ04에서 이들 값은 다소 증가하며 그 변화 폭도 커진다. 내대륙붕 외곽경계에서 획득한 코아 SJ01과 SJ05에서 이들 값은 가장 큰 폭의 변화를 보인다. 내대륙붕 외곽경계에서 획득한 코아 SJ01에 나타난 유기물의 수직적 특성은 이 지역이 9.0 kyr B.P경 뚜렷한 환경변화를 겪었음을 지시한다. 이 시기에 TC, TOC, TN, $CaCO_3$, $\delta^{13}C$, HI, Tmax는 급격히 증가한 반면, C/N과 OI는 감소한다. 비록 퇴적물내 유기물의 함량은 높지 않으나, 이러한 변화는 9.01 cyr B.P이전 섬진강의 영향으로 퇴적물내 육상기원의 유기물이 우세하다가 9.0 kyr B.P이후 대마 난류 유입으로 해양기원의 유기물이 우세하게 되었음을 지시한다. Spacial variation in organic components and temporal variation in the origin was examined through the organic geochemical (TC, TN, TS, $CaCO_3$, TOC, C/N, and $\delta^{13}C$) and pyrolysis analysis (HI, OI, and Tmax) in the core sediments which were acquired in the continental shelf of the South Sea close to Seomjin River. Levels of TC, TN, and TS show relatively low and constant in the core SJ03 located close to the Seomjin River mouth, while those are increased a little with being varied with low amplitude in the core SJ02 and SJ04 acquired at the middle of inner shelf area. They fluctuated with high amplitude in the core SJ01 and SJ05 near to the outer boundary of inner shelf. The vertical characteristics of organic components in the core SJ01 acquired at the outer boundary show that the area has undergone distinctly the environmental change at 9.0 kyr B.P. After 9.0 kyr B.P., Levels of TC, TOC, TN, $CaCO_3$, $\delta^{13}C$, HI, and Tmax are rapidly increased, while C/N and or are significantly decreased. Even though the contents of organic components are not high, such a changes reflect that the terrigenous organic matters were predominant before 9.0 kyr B.P due to the influence of Seomjin River, but after then, the marine organic matters have dominated due to the inflow of the Tshusima current.

북극 스발바르 혼순드 피오르드 조수빙하 후퇴에 따른 해저지형 특성

강무희(Moohee Kang),공기수(Gee-Soo Kong),김지훈(Ji-Hoon Kim),남승일(Seung-Il Nam),손영주(Yeong-Ju Son),Matthias Forwick 대한지질학회 2017 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

연구논문 : 한반도 주요 산정의 식물종 분포와 기후변화 취약종

공우석 ( Woo Seok Kong ),김건옥 ( Kun Ok Kim ),이슬기 ( Sle Gee Lee ),박희나 ( Hee Na Park ),조수현 ( Soo Hyun Cho ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2014 환경영향평가 Vol.23 No.2

This work aims to select the potentially vulnerable plant species against climate change at alpine and subalpine belts of Mts. Sorak, Jiri, and Halla, from central, southern, southern insular high mountains of the Korean Peninsula, respectively. The selection of global warming related vulnerable plants were performed by adapting various criteria, such as flora, endemicity, rarity, floristically specific and valuable species, species composition at mountain summits, horizontal and vertical ranges of individual species, and their distributional pattern in the Korean Peninsula. Line and quadrat field surveys along the major trails from all directions at height above 1,500 meters above sea level of Mts, Sorak, Jiri and Halla were conducted each year during spring, summer, and autumn from 2010 to 2011. Based upon above mentioned eight criteria, high level of climate change related potentially vulnerable arboral plants, such as Rhododendron aureum, Taxus caespitosa, Pinus pumila, Oplopanax elatus, Vaccinium uliginosum, and Thuja koraiensis are noticed from at subalpine belt of Mt. Sorak. Species of Abies koreana, Rhododendron tschonoskii, Oplopanax elatus, Taxus cuspidata, Picea jezoensis, and Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii belong to climate change concerned vulnerable species at subalpine belt of Mt. Jiri. High level of climate change related species vulnerability is found at alpine and subalpine belts of Mt. Halla from Diapensia lapponica var. obovata, Salix blinii, Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum, Vaccinium uliginosum, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Taxus cuspidata, Rhamnus taquetii, Abies koreana, Hugeria japonica, Prunus buergeriana, and Berberis amurensis var. quelpartensis. Countermeasures to save the global warming vulnerable plants in situ are required.

지오메트리 속성을 이용한 미국 캘리포니아주 연안 초고해상 P-Cable 3D 탄성파자료의 천부 지질구조 특성 분석

강무희(Moohee Kang),공기수(Gee-Soo Kong),구남형(Nam-Hyung Koo),Jared W. Kluesner 대한지질학회 2017 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

Late Quaternary Seismic stratigraphy and evolutionary history in the eastern Yellow Sea

Dong-Geun Yoo,Gwang-Soo Lee,Gil-Young Kim,Nyeon-Keon Kang,Bo-Yeon Yi,Young-Jun Kim,Jong-Hwa Chun,Gee-Soo Kong 대한지질학회 2017 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10