COVID-19의 확산에 영향을 미치는 지리적 및 사회 경제적 요인: 필리핀 사례 분석

Gabales Reggie Marie Soberano,배성일,유태환 연세대학교(미래캠퍼스) 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2022 地域發展硏究 Vol.31 No.1

지난 수십 년 동안 많은 연구자는 인구 밀도와 전염병 사이의 관련성에 대해 검토해왔다. 본 연구는 위 두 변수 간의 관계를 이해하기 위해 인구 밀도, 도시환경 결정요인 및 COVID-19 발생 사례 간의 연관성에 대한 실증분석을 실시하였다. 특히, 이들 변수 간의 관계를 평가하기 위해 2020년 2월부터 2021년 3월까지 필리핀의 17개 지역에 대해 고정효과모형을 이용한 패널분석을 실행하였다. 추정 결과는 인구 밀도가 높은 지역에서 COVID-19 발생 건수가 비례적으로 높은 경향이 있음을 보여준다. 이에 더하여, 사회경제적 환경과 거버넌스 등 도시환경을 결정하는 요인이 COVID-19 감염률에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 본 연구에서 가장 흥미로운 발견은 인구 밀도의 2차 항의 계수가 유의한 음수로 나타남으로써 환경 쿠즈네츠 곡선 가설을 지지한다는 것이다. 즉, 인구 밀도가 특정 한계점을 넘으면 감염률이 높아지는 것이 아니라 오히려 낮아지는 것을 확인할 수 있다는 점이다. 다만, 현재 계속 진행 중인 COVID-19의 확산 상황에서 이러한 쿠즈네츠 곡선 가설의 성립은 COVID-19 발생 초기의 단기적 현상으로 이해할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

Physical Protection and Consequences Assessments at Research Reactor Facility Via Radiological Threat

Mahdi Trabelsi,Said Agamy,Hanaa Abou‑Gabal,Amir Abdel‑Wadoud 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.1

The main objective of a Physical Protection System (PPS) in a nuclear facility is to protect against possible malevolent human attack. Failures of that PPS could lead to radiological consequences, so that, radiation dose calculations have been performed for a radiological sabotage event in a Hypothetical Research Reactor Facility using an atmospheric dispersion modeling (HotSpot code) and compared with the annual regulatory limits for the public as set in Schedule III in IAEA Safety Report Series (GSR part 3). To mitigate those efects, a PPS for a hypothetical research reactor facility has been designed and evaluated, before upgrading the PPS, the Probability of Efectiveness (PE) is for a regular PPS, thus a high values of risk are associated, however after modifcation of the PPS, the security system becomes high since the probability of efectiveness is greater than 90% which is by far excellent in order to interrupt and deter any adversary.

Antiviral Activity of Aloe hijazensis against Some Haemagglutinating Viruses Infection and Its Phytoconstituents

Howaida I. Abd-Alla,Nagat S. Abu-Gabal,Amal Z. Hassan,Mounir M. El-Safty,Nagwa M. M. Shalaby 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.8

Evaluation of the antiviral activities of flowers, flower-peduncles, leaves, and roots of Aloe hijazensis against haemagglutinating viruses of avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1), avian influenza virus type A (AI-H5N1), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and egg-drop syndrome virus (EDSV) in specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryos were carried out. Extract of the flowers and leaves showed relatively higher activity than the extracts of other plant parts. Thirteen compounds were isolated from both the flowers and flower-peduncles of A. hijazensis. The isolated compounds were classified into: five anthraquinones; ziganein, ziganein-5-methyl ether, aloesaponarin I, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, one dihydroisocoumarin; feralolide, four flavonoids; homoplantaginin, isoorientin, luteolin 7-glucuronopyranoside, isovitexin, one phenolic acid; p-coumaric acid, the anthrone; barbaloin together with aloenin. Eleven compounds were attributed to the flowers and seven to the flower-peduncles. Homoplantaginin and luteolin 7-glucuronopyranoside are reported here for the first time from Aloe spp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the chemical composition and biological activity of those plant parts.

Modeling and characterization of beryllium reflector elements under irradiation conditions

Elhefnawy Ahmed H.,Gaheen Mohamed A.,Abou Gabal Hanaa H.,Nagy Mohamed E. 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.12

This study aims at modeling the beryllium reflector poisoning under neutron irradiation conditions and calculating the impact of beryllium poisoning on the core parameters of ETRR-2 research reactor. The CITVAP code was used to calculate the neutron flux and parameters of ETRR-2 core with beryllium reflector elements. The neutron flux in each reflector element was calculated to solve the modeling equations for the atomic densities of lithium-6 (6Li), tritium-3 (3H), and helium-3 (3He) using the BERYL program. The results are discussed based on CITVAP calculations of the core excess reactivity and cycle length Full Power Days (FPD). Possible solutions to minimize the degradation due to beryllium poisoning are also discussed and compared based on calculations.

MDM2 Expression in Serous and Mucinous Epithelial Tumours of the Ovary

Abdelaal, Shereen E,Habib, Fahima M,el Din, Amina A Gamal,Gabal, Samia M,Hassan, Nabila S,Ibrahim, Nihad A Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.7

Background: Different types of cancer exhibit abnormalities in cell cycle regulators. The murine double minute-2(MDM2) cell cycle regulator is a proto-oncogene that negatively regulates the P53 tumour suppressor gene. Surface epithelial tumours constitute approximately two thirds of ovarian neoplasms. Each histologic type can be classified as benign, borderline and malignant. This study aimed to examine immunohistochemical expression of the MDM2 protein in ovarian serous and mucinous epithelial tumours (benign, borderline and malignant). Materials and Methods: This study included forty five ovarian tumours, subdivided into fifteen cystadenomas (5 serous and 10 mucinous), fifteen borderline tumours (11 serous and 4 mucinous) and fifteen cystadenocarcinomas (9 serous and 6 mucinous). Paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histopathologic study, and with mouse monoclonal anti-MDM2 antibody for immunohistochemistry. Results: MDM2 positivity was detected in 28.9% of the studied ovarian tumours. All benign tumours were negative and positivity was significantly higher in malignant than borderline tumours (P value of chi-square test =0.000). Significantly, all MDM2 positive mucinous tumours were malignant with no positive mucinous borderline tumours. Malignant tumours showed positive MDM2 expression in 83.3% of mucinous type and in 55.6% of serous type. Borderline serous tumours showed negative MDM2 in 72.7% of cases (P value of Z test =0.04). Conclusions: Alterations in the expression of the cell cycle regulator (MDM2) occur early in the process of tumourigenesis in serous and mucinous ovarian tumours. We suggest that MDM2 may be used in those tumours as a marker for risk stratification and identification of cases with cancer development and progression. We recommend further studies on MDM2 immunohistochemistry, in conjunction with adjuvant methods as DNA ploidy and FISH gene amplification, focusing on the mucinous tumours and differentiating between the three tumour categories, benign, borderline and malignant.

Burnup analysis for HTR-10 reactor core loaded with uranium and thorium oxide

Alzamly, Mohamed A.,Aziz, Moustafa,Badawi, Alya A.,Gabal, Hanaa Abou,Gadallah, Abdel Rraouf A. Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.4

We used MCNP6 computer code to model HTR-10 core reactor. We used two types of fuel; UO₂ and (Th+Pu)O₂ mixture. We determined the critical height at which the reactor approached criticality in both two cases. The neutronic and burnup parameters were investigated. The results indicated that the core fueled with mixed (Th+Pu)O₂, achieved about 24% higher fuel cycle length than the UO₂ case. It also enhanced safeguard security by burning Pu isotopes. The results were compared with previously published papers and good agreements were found.

Immunohistochemical expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and CD8 in glioblastomas

Dina Mohamed El Samman,Manal Mohamed El Mahdy,Hala Sobhy Cousha,Zeinab Abd El Rahman Kamar,Khaled Abdel Karim Mohamed,Hoda Hassan Abou Gabal 대한병리학회 2021 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.55 No.6

Background: Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults and is characterized by poor prognosis. Immune evasion occurs via programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) interaction. Some malignant tumors have responded to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade treatment strategies, and PD-L1 has been described as a potential predictive biomarker. This study discussed the expression of PD-L1 and CD8 in glioblastomas.Methods: Thirty cases of glioblastoma were stained immunohistochemically for PD-L1 and CD8, where PD-L1 expression in glioblastoma tumor tissue above 1% is considered positive and CD-8 is expressed in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. The expression of each marker was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. Survival analysis was conducted to correlate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with PD-L1 and CD8 expression.Results: Diffuse/fibrillary PD-L1 was expressed in all cases (mean expression, 57.6%), whereas membranous PD-L1 was expressed in six of 30 cases. CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8+ TILs) had a median expression of 10%. PD-L1 and CD8 were positively correlated (p = .001). High PD-L1 expression was associated with worse PFS and OS (p = .026 and p = .001, respectively). Correlation of CD8+ TILs percentage with age, sex, tumor site, laterality, and outcomes were statistically insignificant. Multivariate analysis revealed that PD-L1 was the only independent factor that affected prognosis.Conclusions: PD-L1 expression in patients with glioblastoma is robust; higher PD-L1 expression is associated with lower CD8+ TIL expression and worse prognosis.