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박은정(Eunjeong Park),이현섭(Hyunseop Lee),정호빈(Hobin Jeong),정해도(Haedo Jeong) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2015 한국윤활학회지(윤활학회지) Vol.31 No.3
RC delay is a critical issue for achieving high performance of ULSI devices. In order to minimize the RC delay time, we uses the CMP process to introduce high-conductivity Cu and low-k materials on the damascene. The low-k materials are generally soft and fragile, resulting in structure collapse during the conventional high-pressure CMP process. One troubleshooting method is electrochemical mechanical polishing (ECMP) which has the advantages of high removal rate, and low polishing pressure, resulting in a well-polished surface because of high removal rate, low polishing pressure, and well-polished surface, due to the electrochemical acceleration of the copper dissolution. This study analyzes an electrochemical state (active, passive, transpassive state) on a potentiodynamic curve using a three-electrode cell consisting of a working electrode (WE), counter electrode (CE), and reference electrode (RE) in a potentiostat to verify an electrochemical removal mechanism. This study also tries to find optimum conditions for ECMP through experimentation. Furthermore, during the lowpressure ECMP process, we investigate the effect of current density on surface roughness and removal rate through anodic oxidation, dissolution, and reaction with a chelating agent. In addition, according to the Faraday’s law, as the current density increases, the amount of oxidized and dissolved copper increases. Finally, we confirm that the surface roughness improves with polishing time, and the current decreases in this process.
Jeong Seungsu,Kim Heeju,Kim Won-Seok,Chang Won Kee,Cha Seungwoo,Choi Eunjeong,Kim Chul,Grace Sherry L.,Baek Sora 대한재활의학회 2023 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.47 No.5
Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the Information Needs in Cardiac Rehabilitation (INCR) questionnaire into Korean and perform psychometric validation.Methods: The original English version of the INCR, in which patients are asked to rate the importance of 55 topics, was translated into Korean (INCR-K) and culturally adapted. The INCR-K was tested on 101 cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participants at Kangwon National University Hospital and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital in Korea. Structural validity was assessed using principal component analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha of the areas was computed. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing information needs according to CR duration and knowledge sufficiency according to receipt of education. Half of the participants were randomly selected for 1 month of re-testing to assess their responsiveness.Results: Following cognitive debriefing, the number of items was reduced to 41 and ratings were added to assess participants’ sufficient knowledge of each item. The INCR-K structure comprised eight areas, each with sufficient internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha>0.7). Criterion validity was supported by significant differences in mean INCR-K scores based on CR duration and knowledge sufficiency ratings according to receipt of education (p<0.05). Information needs and knowledge sufficiency ratings increased after 1 month of CR, thus supporting responsiveness (p<0.05). Conclusion: The INCR-K demonstrated adequate face, content, cross-cultural, structural, and criterion validities, internal consistency, and responsiveness. Information needs changed with CR, such that multiple assessments of information needs may be warranted as rehabilitation progresses to facilitate patient-centered education.
A Preliminary Analysis of a Polymorphism in DTNBP1 for Schizophrenia: No Support for an Association
EunJeong Joo,KyuYoung Lee,SeongHoon Jeong,YongMin Ahn,YoungJin Koo,YongSik Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2005 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.2 No.2
We tried to replicate the previously reported positive association between Dystrobrevin bindang protein 1 gene (DTNBP1) and schizophrenia. Our sample included 241 patients with schizophrenia based on DSM-IV and 194 normal controls. The patient and control groups were matched for their gender proportion and all the subjects were ethnically Koreans. We genotyped P1635 A/G polymorphism (rs3213207) of DTNBP1. We could not find association with DTNBP1 and schizophrenia in this Korean sample. Additional analysis for the subgroup of schizophrenia having familial loading of major psychiatric disorders did not show association, either. In summary, DTNBP1 is less likely to be a major susceptibility gene for schizophrenia in this Korean population. Further studies with more Single nudeotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the whole gene sequence including the promoters will be necessary to understand the genetic contribution of DTNBP1 for the development of schizophrenia in Koreans.
MAPLE: Mobility support using asymmetric transmit power in low-power and lossy networks
Jeong, Seungbeom,Park, Eunjeong,Woo, Dongyeon,Kim, Hyung-Sin,Paek, Jeongyeup,Bahk, Saewoong Editorial Department of Journal of Communications 2018 Journal of communications and networks Vol.20 No.4
<P>With the proliferation of emerging Internet of Things (IoT) devices and applications, mobility is becoming an integral part of low-power and lossy networks (LLNs). However, most LLN protocols have not yet focused on the support for mobility with an excuse of resource constraints. Some work that do provide mobility support fail to consider radio duty-cycling, control overhead, or memory usage, which are critical on resource-limited lowpower devices. In this paper, we introduce MAPLE, an asymmetric transmit power-based routing architecture that leverages a single resource-rich LLN border router. MAPLE supports mobility in duty-cycled LLNs using received signal strength indicator (RSSI) gradient field-based routing. High-power transmission of the gateway not only allows LLN endpoints to be synchronized for low duty-cycle operation, but also establishes an RSSI gradient field which can be exploited for opportunistic routing without a need for any neighbor or routing table. This eliminates the scalability problem due to memory limitation, and provides a responsive routing metric without control overhead. MAPLE also addresses the RSSI local maximum problem through local adaptation. We implement MAPLE on a low-power embedded platform, and evaluate through experimental measurements on a real multihop LLN testbed consisting of 31 low-power ZigBee nodes and 1 high-power gateway. We show that MAPLE improves the performance of mobile devices in LLN by 27.2%/55.7% and 17.9% in terms of both uplink/downlink reliability and energy efficiency, respectively.</P>