Investigation of the April 2000 forest fire damage in Kang-won Province, Korea, using RADARSAT data

Kang, Sung Chul,Seo, Jin Won,Lee, Tae Hee,Park, Sang Eun,Hong, Suk Young,Moon, Wooil M. 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1

The series of forest Fires in Kangwon Province in April, 2000, were one of the mast serious ones in the Kang-won Province in recent years. The fire damaged areas are extensive and this paper investigates the utility of the satellite image data, particularly the RADARSAT SAR data. One of the main objectives of this study included evaluation of potential usefulness of the C-band RADARSAT data in the detection of forest fires in mountainous areas. Among several fire damaged sites, the area near Samchuk (city) was selected as the main study area and mufti-temporal RADARSAT(raw) data were acquired and the processed results were comparatively investigated with the IRS-1c data acquired shortly after the fire. To identify the burnt area from the undamaged background in the optical imagery, supervised classification and NDVI processing were carried out and tested with the IRS-1C data. For this experiment, several sets of raw RADARSAT standard and Fine mode (S4, F3, ascending orbit) data were processed and the final image was formed. In addition to the final image, sigma nought (σ°) was catnputed and compared for the burnt area against the undamaged areas. Because of the steep slopes in the study area and subsequent deviation from the flat surface scattering models, the fire scars in the sigma nought (σ°) image were not apparent. However, fire scars are slightly detected in the difference and ratio images obtained from the signal intensity data acquired at different dates (bath before and after fire). Texture analysis of the image data including the burnt areas were carried out using the Multiplicative Markov Random-Field (MMRF) algorithm. The detection of the fire damaged area from both standard mode and fine mode RADARSAT was not as straightforward as in optical data. However, Previous studies with ERS-1 S_AR and RADARSAT data in Indonesia and in the North American Plains indicate that C-band SAR data provide us with an effective tool for studying the forest fire damages. However, the application of C-band SAR data to the analysis of the forest fire areas requires careful processing of the data with realistic scattering models.

잠수장비와 수중환경에서 나타난 스쿠버 다이버들의 교육불이행

임현수(Lin, Hyun-Soo),강은석(Kang, Eun-Suk) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.5

This study is to follow the studies, which were conducted in Moon island between July and October in 2010. The previous studies, which were conducted by Lim, Hyun-soo and Kang Eun-suk in 2010, studied the current status of education of divers by classifying it into five subjects such as diving science, diving equipment, diving safety, underwater environment, and diving activities through FGI of expert groups. Being aware of the lack of materials about the observation of non-fulfillment of education on diving equipment and underwater environment and interviews, we made visits to the spots where the previous studies were conducted between July 28 and August 2nd to newly add up materials on interviews and questionnaires and analysed the cause and problems of the educational non-fulfillment about diving equipment and underwater environment. The educational non-fulfillment about diving equipment resulted in inappropriate management of equipment and loss of equipment, immature assembly of equipment of equipment, the loss of waist belts, and diving knife"s inappropriate use. The educational non-fulfillment about underwater environment brought about the damage of underwater environment, panic by underwater environment, conflicts with fishing villages, and the problems of trash-littering and defecation.

Pd 촉매 하에서 알릴 디올의 아릴화 연구 : 방향족 히드록시 케톤 및 페닐 치환된 알릴디올의 합성 Highly Selective Synthesis of Phenyl-Substituted Allylic Diols

강석구,정경윤,박찬희,남궁은영,김태현 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.2

The coupling reaction of iodobenzene with allylic diols in the presence of Pd(OAc)_2 and nBu_3P as catalysts using K_2CO_3 as base afforded the phenyl-substituted allylic diols. However, under the same reaction conditions with Et3N as base, phenyl-substituted α-hydroxy ketone was obtained.

일 간호대학의 지역사회 방문간호사업 사례

강윤숙,최양자,고영애,전시자,조갑출,이옥철,주혜경,신기수,안은숙 적십자간호전문대학 2000 적십자간호전문대학논문집 Vol.22 No.-

가출청소년의 분노감소를 위한 REBT 미술치료 사례연구

강은숙,최은영,공마리아 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2008 再活科學硏究 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구는 가출청소년에게 REBT에 근거한 미술치료를 실시하여 가출청소년의 분노 경감에 효과가 있다는 것을 검증하였다. D시에 있는 가출청소년 쉼터에서 의뢰된 3명의 가출소녀에게 2007년 3월 1일부터 4월 19일까지 약 6주 동안 1주일에 2회기씩 미술치료를 실시하였다. 연구의 효과를 측정하기 위해 비합리적 신념 검사(Irrational Belief Test)를 사전 사후에 검사하여 점수를 보았고, 척도의 내용의 변화를 비교하였으며, 미술치료 회기별로 사고의 변화의 질적 분석을 하였다. 그리고 분노 경감의 효과를 측정하기 위해 분노행동인 이차적 분노사고적 언어 사용 빈도를 관찰하여 빈도 변화를 도표화하여 비교 제시 하였다. 미술치료 프로그램의 단계는 친밀감 형성과 목표 정하기, REBT이론 설명단계, 비합리적인 신념에 대한 논박 단계, 사고 탐색 단계, 문제해결 단계, 종결로 구성하여 진행하였다. 본 연구 결과는 REBT에 근거한 미술치료가 가출청소년의 분노로 인한 비합리적인 신념들을 합리적인 신념으로 바꾸는 교육과 연습을 미술 작업과 함께 함으로써 분노의 수준이 낮아지는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 가출청소년을 대상으로 하는 미술치료는 1회성 실시가 아니라 지속적인 프로그램 실행이 필요하고 대상에 대한 관심과 애정으로 접근하는 것이 중요하다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of art therapy based on REBT that affects the anger alleviation of runaway homeless youths. The study was conducted on three girls from runaway and homeless shelter in D city, and the art therapy program was carried out weekly 2 sessions for 6 weeks from March 1 to April 19, 2007. The change of the grade was examined between the pre/post Irrational Belief Test, the changes of items in each scale were compared and the change of thought was analysed in each session to evaluate the effectiveness of the research. And for evaluation of the effectiveness of anger alleviation, the changes of frequency were presented and compared as graphs after observing secondary anger thought-verbal, which is an anger behavior. The art therapy program was composed of following steps: rapport, establishing goal, explaining REBT theory, investigation track dysfunctional schema, problem solving and a close. The conclusion of this study ascertained the fact that the art therapy based on REBT resulted in positive changes on the level of anger by applying the education and practice which change the irrational belief caused by runaway and homeless youths' anger to rational belief. It is suggested that art therapy for runaway and homeless youths has to be carried out not as an one-off performance but as a continuing program with concern and affection to them. 본 연구는 가출청소년에게 REBT에 근거한 미술치료를 실시하여 가출청소년의 분노 경감에 효과가 있다는 것을 검증하였다. D시에 있는 가출청소년 쉼터에서 의뢰된 3명의 가출소녀에게 2007년 3월 1일부터 4월 19일까지 약 6주 동안 1주일에 2회기씩 미술치료를 실시하였다. 연구의 효과를 측정하기 위해 비합리적 신념 검사(Irrational Belief Test)를 사전 사후에 검사하여 점수를 보았고, 척도의 내용의 변화를 비교하였으며, 미술치료 회기별로 사고의 변화의 질적 분석을 하였다. 그리고 분노 경감의 효과를 측정하기 위해 분노행동인 이차적 분노사고적 언어 사용 빈도를 관찰하여 빈도 변화를 도표화하여 비교 제시 하였다. 미술치료 프로그램의 단계는 친밀감 형성과 목표 정하기, REBT이론 설명단계, 비합리적인 신념에 대한 논박 단계, 사고 탐색 단계, 문제해결 단계, 종결로 구성하여 진행하였다. 본 연구 결과는 REBT에 근거한 미술치료가 가출청소년의 분노로 인한 비합리적인 신념들을 합리적인 신념으로 바꾸는 교육과 연습을 미술 작업과 함께 함으로써 분노의 수준이 낮아지는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 가출청소년을 대상으로 하는 미술치료는 1회성 실시가 아니라 지속적인 프로그램 실행이 필요하고 대상에 대한 관심과 애정으로 접근하는 것이 중요하다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of art therapy based on REBT that affects the anger alleviation of runaway homeless youths. The study was conducted on three girls from runaway and homeless shelter in D city, and the art therapy program was carried out weekly 2 sessions for 6 weeks from March 1 to April 19, 2007. The change of the grade was examined between the pre/post Irrational Belief Test, the changes of items in each scale were compared and the change of thought was analysed in each session to evaluate the effectiveness of the research. And for evaluation of the effectiveness of anger alleviation, the changes of frequency were presented and compared as graphs after observing secondary anger thought-verbal, which is an anger behavior. The art therapy program was composed of following steps: rapport, establishing goal, explaining REBT theory, investigation track dysfunctional schema, problem solving and a close. The conclusion of this study ascertained the fact that the art therapy based on REBT resulted in positive changes on the level of anger by applying the education and practice which change the irrational belief caused by runaway and homeless youths' anger to rational belief. It is suggested that art therapy for runaway and homeless youths has to be carried out not as an one-off performance but as a continuing program with concern and affection to them.

뚜렷한 입체 선택성을 갖는 알릴 디올의 고리 카보네이트와 아세토니드의 Wacker 산화 반응 연구

강석구,정경윤,정재욱,남궁은영,김태현 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.1

Palldium(Ⅱ) 촉매 하에서의 말단 알릴 디올의 고리 카보네이트와 아세토니드의 산화반응은 anti-Markovnikov hydation에 의해 알데히드 또는 α,β-불포화 알데히드 만이 생성되었다. 치환된 알릴 디올의 분자내 이중 결합의 반응으로는 (E)-알릴 디올의 경우에 β-케토 생성물을, 반면에 (Z)-알릴디올의 경우엔 α-케토 생성물을 얻을 수 있었다. 치환된 알릴 디올의 고리 카보네이트와 아세토니드에서는 각각 β-케토 화합물과 α,β-케토 화합물 들이 생성되었다. Palladium(Ⅱ)-Catalyzed oxidation of acetonides or cyclic carbonates of terminal allylic diols afforded aldehydes or α,β-unsaturated aldehydes as the sole products, resulting of anti-Markovnikov hydation. For the internal olefins of the substituted allylic diols, (E)-allylic diol provied β-keto-product, whereas (Z)-allylic diol affored α-keto-product. The acetonides and cyclic carbonates of the substituted allylic diols yielded β-keto-products and α,β-unsaturated ketones, respectively.

혈관모세포종의 임상 분석

김은성,강삼석,이정길,김태선,정신,김재휴,김수한,이제혁 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.5

혈관모세포종의 임상 분석

김은성,강삼석,이정길,김태선,정신,김재휴,김수한,이제혁 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.1

복수과 진료 환자의 중복 처방에 대한 분석 및 평가

이지은,장혜경,오지영,유윤경,김현지,임숙인,연숙희,강진숙,최귀령 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.1

In an aging society, there is an increasing possibility of the duplication of the drugs given to patients because they take many kinds of drugs. Among the prescriptions given to the patients who was treated at multiple ambulatory clinics in St. Mary's hospital for one month of September, 2002, in which drugs that has identical or similar effects are prescribed, we analysed and evaluated them by patients' characteristics, kinds of medication, severity of side effects on a case by case basis. More, we assessed the potential additional costs. As a result of this study, the duplication rate turned out to be 6.69% and it was shown that the proportion of the elderly patients over 60 was high. The gastro-intestinal medications took up a large part and most of the cases showed that the danger caused by double taking of medicine was slight, but there were some examples in which the serious side effects were predicted. Expected additional costs were the average 11.349 won and it ranges from the minimum of 56 won to the maximum of 135,720 won. In conclusion, the management of drug histories of the patients who need the plural treatments is very important and the necessity of the individual and professional guidance of taking medicines for the elderly patients is emerged, too.

두경부 편평세포암종세포주에서 retinoic acid가 linear-quadratic 모델을 적용한 방사선감수성과 apoptosis 유발에 미치는 영향

이은숙,강범현,허민석,이삼선,최현배,최순철,박태원 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2001 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.31 No.3

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid on radiosensitivity and radiation-induced apoptosis in NHOK, HEp-2 and FaDu cell lines. Material and Methods : We measured the changes in survival fraction at 2 Gy (SF2), α and β after treatment of retinoic acid (1μM) prior to irradiation with doses of 2,4,6 and 10 Gy and correlated the radiosensitizing effect of retinoic acid with them. Also, apoptosis induction was assayed with the flow cytometry on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 after irradiation (2,10 and 20 Gy) combined with retinoic acid. Results and Conclusion : SF2 values for NHOK, HEp-2 and FaDu cell lines were 0.54, 0.64 and 0.41, respectively and the cell line of FaDu was the most radiosensitive, For cell lines of NHOK and HEp-2, pretreatment of cells with retinoic acid resulted in a significant decrease of the SF2 values. The α/β ratios of x-ray survival curve were 8.714(NHOK), 4.098(HEp-2) and 11.79(FaDu). The α/β ratio for NHOK decreased on pretreatment with retinoic acid, whereas those for HEp-2 and FaDu increased. Radiation induced apoptosis in all cell lines but, retinoic acid did not affect the apoptosis. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2001; 31 : 135-43)