Clinical outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma

Eonju Lee,Tae Gyu Kim,Hee Chul Park,Jeong Il Yu,Do Hoon Lim,Heerim Nam,Hyebin Lee,Joon Hyeok Lee 대한방사선종양학회 2015 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.33 No.3

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of patients with spinal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), who were treated by stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 23 patients who underwent SBRT from October 2008 to August 2012 for 36 spinal metastases from HCC. SBRT consisted of approximately 2 fractionation schedules, which were 18 to 40 Gy in 1 to 4 fractions for group A lesions (n = 15) and 50 Gy in 10 fractions for group B lesions (n = 21). Results: The median follow-up period was 7 months (range, 2 to 16 months). Seven patients developed grade 1 or 2 gastrointestinal toxicity, and one developed grade 2 leucopenia. Compression fractures occurred in association with 25% of the lesions, with a median time to fracture of 2 months. Pain relief occurred in 92.3% and 68.4% of group A and B lesions, respectively. Radiologic response (complete and partial response) occurred in 80.0% and 61.9% of group A and B lesions, respectively. The estimated 1-year spinal-tumor progression-free survival rate was 78.5%. The median overall survival period and 1-year overall survival rate were 9 months (range, 2 to 16 months) and 25.7%, respectively. Conclusion: SBRT for spinal metastases from HCC is well tolerated and effective at providing pain relief and radiologic response. Because compression fractures develop at a high rate following SBRT for spinal metastases from primary HCC, careful follow up of the patient is required

Clinical outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma

Lee, Eonju,Kim, Tae Gyu,Park, Hee Chul,Yu, Jeong Il,Lim, Do Hoon,Nam, Heerim,Lee, Hyebin,Lee, Joon Hyeok The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2015 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.33 No.3

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of patients with spinal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), who were treated by stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 23 patients who underwent SBRT from October 2008 to August 2012 for 36 spinal metastases from HCC. SBRT consisted of approximately 2 fractionation schedules, which were 18 to 40 Gy in 1 to 4 fractions for group A lesions (n = 15) and 50 Gy in 10 fractions for group B lesions (n = 21). Results: The median follow-up period was 7 months (range, 2 to 16 months). Seven patients developed grade 1 or 2 gastrointestinal toxicity, and one developed grade 2 leucopenia. Compression fractures occurred in association with 25% of the lesions, with a median time to fracture of 2 months. Pain relief occurred in 92.3% and 68.4% of group A and B lesions, respectively. Radiologic response (complete and partial response) occurred in 80.0% and 61.9% of group A and B lesions, respectively. The estimated 1-year spinal-tumor progression-free survival rate was 78.5%. The median overall survival period and 1-year overall survival rate were 9 months (range, 2 to 16 months) and 25.7%, respectively. Conclusion: SBRT for spinal metastases from HCC is well tolerated and effective at providing pain relief and radiologic response. Because compression fractures develop at a high rate following SBRT for spinal metastases from primary HCC, careful follow up of the patient is required.

Interobserver variation in target volume for salvage radiotherapy in recurrent prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy using CT versus combined CT and MRI: a multicenter study (KROG 13-11)

Eonju Lee,Won Park,Sung Hwan Ahn,Jae Ho Cho,Jin Hee Kim,Kwan Ho Cho,Young Min Choi,Jae-Sung Kim,Jin Ho Kim,Hong-Seok Jang,Young-Seok Kim,Taek-Keun Nam 대한방사선종양학회 2018 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.36 No.1

Purpose: To investigate interobserver variation in target volume delineations for prostate cancer salvage radiotherapy using planning computed tomography (CT) versus combined planning CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Ten radiation oncologists independently delineated a target volume on the planning CT scans of five cases with different pathological status after radical prostatectomy. Two weeks later, this was repeated with the addition of planning MRI. The volumes obtained with CT only and combined CT and MRI were compared, and the effect of the addition of planning MRI on interobserver variability was assessed. Results: There were large differences in clinical target volume (CTV) delineated by each observer, regardless of the addition of planning MRI (9.44–139.27 cm 3 in CT only and 7.77–122.83 cm 3 in CT plus MRI) and no significant differences in the mean and standard deviation of CTV. However, there were decreases in mean volume and standard deviation as a result of using the planning MRI. Conclusion: This study showed substantial interobserver variation in target volume delineation for salvage radiotherapy. The combination of planning MRI with CT tended to decrease the target volume and the variation.

Interobserver variation in target volume for salvage radiotherapy in recurrent prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy using CT versus combined CT and MRI: a multicenter study (KROG 13-11)

Lee, Eonju,Park, Won,Ahn, Sung Hwan,Cho, Jae Ho,Kim, Jin Hee,Cho, Kwan Ho,Choi, Young Min,Kim, Jae-Sung,Kim, Jin Ho,Jang, Hong-Seok,Kim, Young-Seok,Nam, Taek-Keun The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2018 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.36 No.1

Purpose: To investigate interobserver variation in target volume delineations for prostate cancer salvage radiotherapy using planning computed tomography (CT) versus combined planning CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Ten radiation oncologists independently delineated a target volume on the planning CT scans of five cases with different pathological status after radical prostatectomy. Two weeks later, this was repeated with the addition of planning MRI. The volumes obtained with CT only and combined CT and MRI were compared, and the effect of the addition of planning MRI on interobserver variability was assessed. Results: There were large differences in clinical target volume (CTV) delineated by each observer, regardless of the addition of planning MRI ($9.44-139.27cm^3$ in CT only and $7.77-122.83cm^3$ in CT plus MRI) and no significant differences in the mean and standard deviation of CTV. However, there were decreases in mean volume and standard deviation as a result of using the planning MRI. Conclusion: This study showed substantial interobserver variation in target volume delineation for salvage radiotherapy. The combination of planning MRI with CT tended to decrease the target volume and the variation.

Tailoring the oxygen vacancy of cobalt-iron based electrocatalysts for OER via the mechanochemistry

Sungjun Heo,Chiho Kim,Song Jin,Jae-Yeop Jeong,Shinwoo Myeong,Hoseok Lee,Eonju Park,Namin Kim,Jae-hun Lee,Jun young park,Jooyoung Lee,Sung Mook Choi 한국표면공학회 2023 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2023 No.11-1

Optimized biodegradable polymeric reservoir-mediated local and sustained co-delivery of dendritic cells and oncolytic adenovirus co-expressing IL-12 and GM-CSF for cancer immunotherapy

Oh, Eonju,Oh, Jung-Eun,Hong, JinWoo,Chung, YoonHo,Lee, Yunki,Park, Ki Dong,Kim, Sungwan,Yun, Chae-Ok Elsevier Science Publishers 2017 Journal of controlled release Vol.259 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Administration of dendritic cells (DCs) combined with oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) expressing antitumor cytokines induces a potent antitumor effect and antitumor immunity by ameliorating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, this combination therapy has significant limitations due to rapid dissemination and inactivation of the therapeutics at the tumor site, necessitating multiple injections of both therapeutics. To overcome these limitations, we have utilized gelatin-based hydrogel to co-deliver oncolytic Ad co-expressing interleukin (IL)-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (oAd) and DCs for sustained release of both therapeutics. The injectable and biodegradable hydrogels were prepared by mixing the polymer solutions containing horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. Gel matrix enabled sustained release of both oAd and DCs while preserving their biological activity over a considerable time period, leading to efficient retention of both therapeutics in tumor tissue. Further, tumors treated with oAd- and DC-loaded gel (oAd+DC/gel) showed a significantly greater expression level of IL-12, GM-CSF, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) than either single treatment (oAd or DC) or oAd in combination with DC (oAd+DC), resulting in efficient activation of both endogenous and exogenous DCs, migration of DCs to draining lymph nodes, and tumor infiltration of CD4<SUP>+</SUP> and CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. Moreover, oAd+DC/gel resulted in a significantly higher number of tumor-specific IFN-γ–secreting immune cells compared with oAd+DC. Lastly, oAd+DC/gel significantly attenuated tumor-mediated thymic atrophy, which is associated with immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, compared with oAd+DC. Taken together, these results demonstrate that gelatin gel-mediated co-delivery of oncolytic Ad and DCs might be a promising strategy to efficiently retain both therapeutics in tumor tissue and induce a potent antitumor immune response for an extended time period via a single administration.</P>

Withanone-Rich Combination of Ashwagandha Withanolides Restricts Metastasis and Angiogenesis through hnRNP-K

Gao, Ran,Shah, Navjot,Lee, Jung-Sun,Katiyar, Shashank P.,Li, Ling,Oh, Eonju,Sundar, Durai,Yun, Chae-Ok,Wadhwa, Renu,Kaul, Sunil C. American Association for Cancer Research 2014 Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol.13 No.12

<P>Ashwagandha is an important herb used in the Indian system of traditional home medicine, Ayurveda. Alcoholic extract (i-Extract) from its leaves and its component, withanone, were previously shown to possess anticancer activity. In the present study, we developed a combination of withanone and withaferin A, major withanolides in the i-Extract, that retained the selective cancer cell killing activity and found that it also has significant antimigratory, -invasive, and -angiogenic activities, in both <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> assays. Using bioinformatics and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that these phytochemicals caused downregulation of migration-promoting proteins hnRNP-K, VEGF, and metalloproteases and hence are candidate natural drugs for metastatic cancer therapy. <I>Mol Cancer Ther; 13(12); 2930–40. ©2014 AACR</I>.</P>

A hydrogel matrix prolongs persistence and promotes specific localization of an oncolytic adenovirus in a tumor by restricting nonspecific shedding and an antiviral immune response

Jung, Bo-Kyeong,Oh, Eonju,Hong, JinWoo,Lee, Yunki,Park, Ki Dong,Yun, Chae-Ok Elsevier 2017 Biomaterials Vol.147 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Currently, intratumoral injection of an oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) is the conventional administration route in clinical trials. Nonetheless, the locally administered Ad disseminates to the surrounding nontarget tissues and has short biological activity due to immunogenicity of Ad, thus necessitating multiple injections to achieve a sufficient therapeutic index. In the present study, a tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-expressing oncolytic Ad (oAd-TRAIL) was encapsulated in a gelatin hydrogel (oAd-TRAIL/gel) to enhance and prolong antitumor efficacy of the virus after a single intratumoral injection. oAd-TRAIL/gel showed greater antitumor efficacy than naked oAd-TRAIL did due to enhanced and prolonged intratumoral accumulation of Ad up to a 20-day period, showing potent induction of apoptosis and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, the gel system effectively prevented shedding of oncolytic Ad from the injection site to hepatic and other healthy tissues. oAd-TRAIL/gel treatment resulted in a markedly weaker antiviral immune response against Ad relative to naked oAd-TRAIL, further contributing to prolonged persistence of the oncolytic Ad in tumor tissue. Moreover, the hydrogel matrix preserved oAd-TRAIL's ability to induce an antitumor immune response, resulting in higher intratumoral infiltration by CD4<SUP>+</SUP>/CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. Taken together, these findings show that single intratumoral administration of the Ad/hydrogel modality may prolong and potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of Ad, modulate the immune reaction in favor of the virotherapy, and enhance intratumoral localization of the virus, ultimately overcoming limitations of oncolytic virotherapy revealed in recent clinical trials.</P>

Association between the Diabetes Drug Cost and Cardiovascular Events and Death in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service Database Analysis

정승민,Ji-In Lee,한유진,Hyun-Ae Seo,Eonju Jeon,Hye Soon Kim,Ji Sung Yoon 대한내분비학회 2022 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.37 No.5

Background: This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of diabetes drug costs on cardiovascular (CV) events and death. Methods: This retrospective observational study used data from 2009 to 2018 from the National Health Insurance in Korea. Among the patients with type 2 diabetes, those taking antidiabetic drugs and who did not have CV events until 2009 were included. Patients were divided into quartiles (Q1 [lowest]–4 [highest]) according to the 2009 diabetes drug cost. In addition, the 10-year incidences of CV events (non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and coronary revascularization) and CV death (death due to CV events) were analyzed. Results: A total of 441,914 participants were enrolled (median age, 60 years; men, 57%). CV events and death occurred in 28.1% and 8.36% of the patients, respectively. The 10-year incidences of CV events and deaths increased from Q1 to 4. After adjusting for sex, age, income, type of diabetes drugs, comorbidities, and smoking and drinking status, the risk of CV events significantly increased according to the sequential order of the cost quartiles. In contrast, the risk of CV death showed a U-shaped pattern, which was the lowest in Q3 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.953; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.913 to 0.995) and the highest in Q4 (HR, 1.266; 95% CI, 1.213 to 1.321). Conclusion: Diabetes drug expenditure affects 10-year CV events and mortality. Therefore, affording an appropriate diabetes drug cost at a similar risk of CV is an independent protective factor against CV death.

Nucleation-Growth Processes and Morphological Evolution of Polyaniline during Potentiodynamic Polymerization

Eunok Kim(김은옥),Hyunju Oh(오현주),Eonju Lee(이언주),Hyungwook Koo(구형욱) 한국고분자학회 2020 폴리머 Vol.44 No.3

변전위법 중합 과정에서 폴리아닐린의 핵 형성 프로세스 및 성장 프로세스를 모폴로지 진화와 연관하여 확인하였다. 필름증착은 초기에 2차원 성장 프로세스를 통한 점진적 핵 형성이 이루어지고, 이어서 3차원 성장 프로세스를 통한 점진적 핵 형성이 지배적이었다. 초기에는, ITO 전극 상에 부드럽고 치밀한 폴리아닐린 필름이 증착되었지만, 초기 단계 후에는 섬유상의 3차원 다공성 네트워크 구조가 관찰되었다. 순환 전압전류의 사이클이 증가함에 따라, 필름은 큰 자유 부피를 가지며 더욱 거칠고 다공성인 3차원 네트워크 구조가 되면서 도핑 레벨이 증가되었다. 결국, 증가된 도핑 레벨과 전하 캐리어 이동성의 향상으로 인해 폴리아닐린 필름의 면저항이 낮아졌다. The nucleation and growth processes associated with the morphological evolution of polyaniline during potentiodynamic polymerization have been investigated. Film deposition was first ruled by progressive nucleation with a two-dimensional growth process, and followed by progressive nucleation with a three-dimensional growth process. Initially, a smooth and compact polyaniline film was deposited on the indium tin oxide electrode, whereas a fibrous three-dimensional porous network structure was observed after the initial stage. As the number of cycles increased, the film became rougher and more porous three-dimensional network structure with higher free volume, resulting in higher doping levels. Finally, the increased doping levels and a higher charge carrier mobility lowered the sheet resistance of the polyaniline film.