Characterization of Interface States in MOS Systems by Using Photonic High-Frequency Capacitance-Voltage Responses

S.J.Song,H.T.Kim,S.S.Chi,M.S.Kim,W.S.Chang,S.D.Cho,H.T.Shin,T.E.Kim,H.J.Kang,D.J.Kim,D.M.Kim 한국물리학회 2002 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.41 No.6

Based on the photonic high-frequency capacitance-voltage response of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor capacitors, we report an improved characterization method for the analyzing of interface states in MOS systems. An optical source with a photonic energy $E_{ph}$ = 0.943 eV ($\lambda$ = 1314.5 nm) is employed for photonic deep-depletion (fast sweep rate) high-frequency Capacitance-Voltage (photonic DD HF-CV) characterization of interface states distributed in the photo-responsive energy band. Using the photonic DD HF-CV characterization, we obtained a U-shaped distribution of $D_{it}$ over ($E_V + E_g/2 - q\phi_f) < E_t < (E_V + E_g/2 - q\phi_f + q\phi_S$) for N-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor capacitors and ($E_C - E_g/2 - q\phi_f + q\phi_S) < E_t < (E_C - E_g/2 - q\phi_f$) for P-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor capacitors.

Association and functional relevance of E237G, a polymorphism of the high-affinity immunoglobulin E-receptor β chain gene, to airway hyper-responsiveness

Kim, Y.-K.,Park, H.-W.,Yang, J.-S.,Oh, S.-Y.,Chang, Y.-S.,Shin, E.-S.,Lee, J.-E.,Kim, S.,Gho, Y. S.,Cho, S.-H.,Min, K.-U.,Kim, Y.-Y. Blackwell Scientific Publications 2007 Clinical and experimental allergy Vol.37 No.4

<P>Summary</P><P>Background</P><P>The hyper-sensitivity reaction of IgE, with its high-affinity receptors (FcϵRI), is central to the phenomenon of atopic diseases.</P><P>Objective</P><P>To evaluate the genetic effects of non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FcϵRI on intermediate phenotypes of asthma, i.e. atopy and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), in the Korean general population.</P><P>Subjects and methods</P><P>Atopy and AHR were evaluated in a cohort of 2055 subjects, aged 10–18 years, using skin prick tests (SPTs) for common aeroallergens and total serum IgE and methacholine bronchial provocation tests. All FcϵRI-α, FcϵRI-β, and FcϵRI-γ gene exons of 24 healthy subjects were sequenced to locate informative non-synonymous SNPs (minor allele frequency >2%). Informative SNPs were then scored, using the high-throughput single base extension method. Relative risk (RR) was determined by multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors. The functional relevance of non-synonymous SNPs was analysed using the sorting intolerant from tolerant (SIFT) program.</P><P>Results</P><P>The SNP search found only one informative non-synonymous SNP in FcϵRI-β: E237G (minor allele frequency=0.21). The positive rate of AHR was lower among subjects with the 237<SUP>*</SUP>E allele than among those with 237<SUP>*</SUP>G [RR (95% confidence interval)=0.41 (0.19–0.89); <I>P</I>=0.01]. However, the E237G substitution was not associated with either a positive SPT response or total serum IgE levels. Sequence evolution analysis predicted that the E237G variation is an intolerant amino acid substitution, with functional importance.</P><P>Conclusion</P><P>In the Korean general population, AHR is significantly associated with the E237G polymorphism of FcϵRI-β, which results in an intolerant amino acid substitution.</P>

세관 양광주 방전에서 플라즈마 확산의 완전 해

김동준,정종문,김정현,황하청,정재윤,조윤희,임현교,구제환,최은하,조광섭,Jin, D.J.,Jeong, J.M.,Kim, J.H.,Hwang, H.C.,Chung, J.Y.,Cho, Y.H.,Lim, H.K.,Koo, J.H.,Choi, E.H.,Cho, G.S. 한국진공학회 2010 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.19 No.1

관경이 수 mm인 세관 램프 내부에서 플라즈마의 확산을 조사하기 위하여 이극성(ambipolar) 확산방정식을 해하였다. 반경 방향의 확산에 의한 유리관 벽에서의 플라즈마 소멸 특성시간은 $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$로 주어진다. 반경 $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$이고 이극성 확산계수 $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$ 이면, $\tau_r{\sim}17\;{\mu}s$이다. 이는 램프의 교류전원 구동에서 플라즈마를 유지하기 위한 구동 최소 주파수 ~30 kHz에 해당한다. 고전압이 인가되는 전극부에 발생한 고밀도의 플라즈마가 양광주로 확산되는 특성시간은 $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$이다. 고밀도 플라즈마 경계에서의 시간에 대한 확산속도는 $t{\sim}10^{-6}\;s$일 때 $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$이고, $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$이면 그 속도는 $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$로 느려진다. 따라서 램프 길이 ~1 m에 대하여 전극부에서 생성된 고밀도 플라즈마가 양광주 전체로 확산되는 시간은 수 초가 걸린다. The ambipolar diffusion equation has been solved in a fine-tube lamp of a few mm in diameter. In the diffusion of radial direction, the plasma diffuses and vanishes away at the glass wall by recombination with the characteristic time of plasma loss is given by $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$. With the radius $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$ and the ambipolar diffusion coefficient $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$, the vanishing time is calculated $\tau_r{\sim}10\;{\mu}s$ which corresponds to the least value of frequency 30 kHz for the sustaining the plasma in the operation of high voltage AC-power. In the diffusion of longitudinal z-direction, a high density plasma generated at the area of a high voltage electrode, diffuses into the positive column with the characteristic time $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$. The plasma diffusion velocity at the boundary of high density plasma is $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$ at the time $t{\sim}10^{-6}$ s and the diffusion velocity becomes slow as $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$ at $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$. Therefore, for the long lamp of 1 m, it takes about several seconds for the high density plasma at the area of electrode to diffuse through the whole positive column space.

A multi-tolerant low molecular weight mannanase from Bacillus sp. CSB39 and its compatibility as an industrial biocatalyst

Regmi, S.,G.C., P.,Choi, Y.H.,Choi, Y.S.,Choi, J.E.,Cho, S.S.,Yoo, J.C. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2016 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.92 No.-

<P>Bacillus sp. CSB39, isolated from popular traditional Korean food (Kimchi), produced a low molecular weight, thermostable mannanase (MnCSB39); 571.14 U/mL using locust bean gum galactomannan as a major substrate. It was purified to homogeneity using a simple and effective two-step purification strategy, Sepharose CL-6B and DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow, which resulted in 25.47% yield and 19.32-fold purity. The surfactant-, NaCl-, urea-, and protease-tolerant monomeric protein had a mass of similar to 30 kDa as analyzed by SDS-PAGE and galactomannan zymography. MnCSB39 was found to have optimal activity at pH 7.5 and temperature of 70 degrees C. The enzyme showed square 55% activity at 5.0-15% (w/v)NaCl, and square 93% of the initial activity after incubation at 37 degrees C for 60 min. Trypsin and proteinase K had no effect on MnCBS39. The enzyme showed square 80% activity in up to 3 M urea. The N-terminal amino acid sequence, ALKGDGX, did not show identity with reported mannanases, which suggests the novelty of our enzyme. Activation energy for galactomannan hydrolysis was 26.85 kjmol(-1) with a K-cat of 142.58 x 10(4) s(-1). MnCSB39 had K-m and V-max values of 0.082 mg/mL and 1099 +/- 1.0 Umg(-1), respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as Delta H, Delta G, Delta S, Q(10), Delta G(E-S), and Delta G(E-T) supported the spontaneous formation of products and the high hydrolytic efficiency and feasibility of the enzymatic reaction, which strengthen its novelty. MnCSB39 activity was affected by metal ions, modulators, chelators, and detergents. Mannobiose was the principal end-product of hydrolysis. Bacillus subtilis CSB39 produced a maximum of 1524.44U mannanase from solid state fermentation of 1 g wheat bran. MnCSB39 was simple to purify, was active at a wide pH and temperature range, multi-stress tolerant and catalyzes a thermodynamically possible reaction, characteristics that suggests its suitability for application as an industrial biocatalyst. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

Relation of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function to Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Significant Valvular Heart Disease and Normal Left Ventricular Systolic Function

Hwang, J.w.,Park, S.J.,Cho, E.J.,Kim, E.K.,Lee, G.Y.,Chang, S.A.,Choi, J.O.,Lee, S.C.,Park, S.W. Cahners Pub. Co., etc.] ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 The American Journal of Cardiology Vol.119 No.11

<P>An association between N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and exercise tolerance in patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) has been suggested; however, there are few data available regarding this relation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between exercise tolerance and NT-proBNP in patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic significant VHD and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF). A total of 96 patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic VHD and normal LV EF (>= 50%) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise echocardiography. NT-proBNP levels were determined at baseline and after exercise in 3 hours. Patients were divided in 2 groups based on lower (<26 ml/kg/min, n = 47) or higher (>= 26 ml/kg/min, n = 49) peak oxygen consumption (VO2) as a representation of exercise tolerance. In the 2 groups, after adjusting for age and gender, the NT-proBNP level after exercise in 3 hours, left atrial volume index before exercise, right ventricular systolic pressure before exercise, E velocity after exercise, and E/e' ratio after exercise varied significantly. In addition, peak V02 was inversely related to NT-proBNP before (r = 0.352, p <0.001) and after exercise (r = 0.351, p <0.001). The NT-proBNP level before exercise was directly related to the left atrial volume index, E/e' ratio, and right ventricular systolic pressure before and after exercise. NT-proBNP after exercise was also directly related to the same parameters. NTproBNP levels both before and after exercise were higher in the group with lower exercise tolerance. In conclusion, through the correlation among exercise tolerance, NT-proBNP, and parameters of diastolic dysfunction, we demonstrated that diastolic dysfunction and NT-proBNP could predict exercise tolerance in patients with significant VHD and normal LV EF. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

고농도 Kondo 계인 Ce_0.8Ta_0.2Te_2의 전자기적 특성에 관한 연구

조은상,조정현,박상천,신용숙,정명화,권용성 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1997 論文集 Vol.48 No.-

The Ce_0.8Ta_0.2Te_2 single crystal was grown by using pre-reaction and mineralization method. From X-ray diffraction experiments, We can know that the Ce_0.8Ta_0.2Te_2 has tetragonal structure with being a=4.653Å and c= 9.305Å. We processed electric, magnetic and thermal experiments. In Electric resistivity, one of main peaks is sharp-shape peak at 6K, the other is broad-shape peak near 150K. The origin of 6K peak is guessed magnetic transition. This idea is confirmed by measurement of electric resistivity in various magnetic field. Specific heat measurement was done by using an adiabatic method in 1.8K-120K region. A sharp-shape peak was detected at 4.4K. We guess the origin of the sharp peak is due to a magnetic transition. The peak temperature is matched to temperature of measurement of magnetization. Magnetic susceptibility was translated on effective Bohr magneton (μ_eff) Curie-Weiss law. The value of μ_eff (=2.42_μB) give information of which Ce is composed on 3+ ion to us. (experimental value Ce μ_eff = 2.4_μB).

Assignment of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class 3 (PIK3C3) gene to porcine chromosome 6q22→q23 by somatic cell and radiation hybrid panel mapping

Kim, J.H.,Lee, Y.S.,Park, E.W.,Seo, B.Y.,Cho, I.C.,Lee, J.G.,Oh, S.J.,Lee, J.H.,Jeon, J.T. S. Karger AG 2004 CYTOGENETIC AND GEN0ME RESEARCH Vol.108 No.4

<P> </P><P>Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

WWW 상에서의 CGI를 이용한 농업용 전문가 시스템의 추론엔진과 사용자 인터페이스의 개발

조성인,이종수,박은우,황헌,윤진일 한국농업정보과학회 1999 농업정보과학 Vol.1 No.1

Tuday's agriculture mainly relies on agricultural chemicals, mechanical power, and electronics. Efficiencies if labor, capital, productivity and quality are also major issues in today's agriclilture. Not only mechanization to replace human labor but information process becomes important to achieve the efficiencies. Agricultural informations consist of numerical data, text data and images. Lots of the informations come from human experiences and are in non-numerical forms. Therefore, they are difficult to be processed properly for the information process such as expert systems. This problem would be solved by using CGI (Common Cateway Interface) in WWW (World Wide Web). We developed a forward chaining inference engine for a heuristic rule-based expert system to process knowledges in agriculture. It managed many rule bases with recursion using low memory capacity. User interfaces of the expert system using the CGI improved processing specialized agricul-tural knowledges from experts in agricultural domains. By networking the expert systems in WWW, farmers could use expert systems at remote sites with ease.

PIN1 Inhibition Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation and Inflammatory Responses

Cho, Y.-A.,Jue, S.-S.,Bae, W.-J.,Heo, S.-H.,Shin, S.-I.,Kwon, I.-K.,Lee, S.-C.,Kim, E.-C. SAGE Publications 2015 Journal of dental research Vol.94 No.2

<P>Inflammatory responses and osteoclast differentiation play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of osteolytic bone diseases such as periodontitis. Although overexpression or inhibition of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) offers a possible therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases, the role of PIN1 in periodontal disease is unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate PIN1 expression in periodontitis patients as well as the effects of PIN1 inhibition by juglone or PIN1 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and of PIN1 overexpression using a recombinant adenovirus encoding PIN1 (Ad-PIN1) on the inflammatory response and osteoclastic differentiation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and nicotine-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). PIN1 was up-regulated in chronically inflamed PDLCs from periodontitis patients and in LPS- and nicotine-exposed PDLCs. Inhibition of PIN1 by juglone or knockdown of PIN1 gene expression by siRNA markedly attenuated LPS- and nicotine-stimulated prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) and nitric oxide (NO) production, as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, whereas PIN1 overexpression by Ad-PIN1 increased it. LPS- and nicotine-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation was blocked by juglone and PIN1 siRNA but increased by Ad-PIN1. Conditioned medium prepared from LPS- and nicotine-treated PDLCs increased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase–stained osteoclasts and osteoclast-specific gene expression. These responses were blocked by PIN1 inhibition and silencing but stimulated by Ad-PIN1. Furthermore, juglone and PIN1 siRNA inhibited LPS- and nicotine-induced osteoclastogenic cytokine expression in PDLCs. This study is the first to demonstrate that PIN1 inhibition exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and blocks osteoclastic differentiation in LPS- and nicotine-treated PDLCs. PIN1 inhibition may be a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory osteolysis in periodontal disease.</P>

Assignment of phosphatidylinositol glycan, class K (PIGK) gene to porcine chromosome 6q32 by somatic cell and radiation hybrid panel mapping

Park, E.W.,Kim, J.H.,Lim, H.T.,Seo, B.Y.,Cho, I.C.,Lee, J.G.,Oh, S.J.,Cheong, I.C.,Lee, J.H.,Jeon, J.T. S. Karger AG 2004 CYTOGENETIC AND GEN0ME RESEARCH Vol.108 No.4

<P> </P><P>Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>