A Nationwide Assessment of the “July Effect” and Predictors of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Sepsis at Urban Teaching Hospitals in the United States

Rupak Desai,Upenkumar Patel,Shreyans Doshi,Dipen Zalavadia,Wardah Siddiq,Hitanshu Dave,Mohammad Bilal,Vikas Khullar,Hemant Goyal,Madhav Desai,Nihar Shah 대한소화기내시경학회 2019 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.52 No.5

Background/Aims: To analyze the incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) sepsis in the early (Julyto September) and later (October to June) academic months to assess the “July effect”. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (2010–2014) was used to identify ERCP-related adult hospitalizations at urban teachinghospitals by applying relevant procedure codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification. Post-ERCP outcomes were compared between the early and later academic months. A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluatethe odds of post-ERCP sepsis and its predictors. Results: Of 481,193 ERCP procedures carried out at urban teaching hospitals, 124,934 were performed during the early academicmonths. The demographics were comparable for ERCP procedures performed during the early and later academic months. A higherincidence (9.4% vs. 8.8%, p<0.001) and odds (odds ratio [OR], 1.07) of post-ERCP sepsis were observed in ERCP performed during theearly academic months. The in-hospital mortality rate (7% vs. 7.5%, p=0.072), length of stay, and total hospital charges in patients withpost-ERCP sepsis were also equivalent between the 2 time points. Pre-ERCP cholangitis (OR, 3.20) and post-ERCP complications suchas cholangitis (OR, 6.27), perforation (OR, 3.93), and hemorrhage (OR, 1.42) were significant predictors of higher post-ERCP sepsis inprocedures performed during the early academic months. Conclusions: The July effect was present in the incidence of post-ERCP sepsis, and academic programs should take into considerationthe predictors of post-ERCP sepsis to lower health-care burden.

FDI Spillover Effects on the Productivity of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: Panel Data Evidence

DESAI, Guruprasad,SRINIVASAN, Palamalai,GOWDA, Anil B Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.8

The study empirically examines the horizontal spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productivity of Indian pharmaceutical firms. Robust least squares and the Generalized Method of Moments estimators are applied for the firm-level panel data of Indian pharmaceutical companies whose shares were traded on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The information was collected from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) Prowess database from 2015 to 2019. Based on the regularity in data availability, the sample firms are limited to 112 companies, 100 of which are domestic firms and 12 international firms. Firms with more than 10 percent foreign equity are classified as FDI firms, while those with less than that are classified as domestic firms. Estimation results show that foreign ownership does not contribute to the productivity of domestic firms. Due to increased competition, the Indian pharmaceutical companies with foreign equity participation are not more productive than local ones. Moreover, the findings reveal a negative and insignificant horizontal spillover effect from FDI on the productivity of domestic enterprises. The absence of horizontal spillovers may be attributable to foreign enterprises' ability to prevent technological outflow to competitors in the same industry.

Organizing Pastoral Women in the Process of Social Reform to Change the Social and Judiciary Structure in Wagad Region of Kutchh in India

DESAI Geeta Jivanbhai 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2014 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2014 No.1

Preparation, Characterization and Protein Loading of Hexanoyl-Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles

Desai, Kashappa Goud,Park, Hyun Jin Taylor Francis 2006 Drug delivery Vol.13 No.5

<P>Hexanoyl chitosan was synthesized through a coupling reaction between chitosan and hexanoic anhydride. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<SUP>1</SUP>HNMR) and fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies showed the formation of hexanoyl chitosan. The nanoparticles of hexanoyl chitosan were prepared through ionotropic gelation with tripolyphosphate (TPP) followed by sonication. The hexanoyl chitosan-TPP nanoparticles exhibited uniform spherical shape with smooth surface as observed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The particle size of nanoparticles was between 54.1 to 724 nm with a mean diameter of 324 nm. At 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/mL bovine serum albumin initial concentration, the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of hexanoyl-chitosan-TPP nanoparticles were 58.2, 44.5, and 28.1%, and 14.1, 23.4, and 30.3%, respectively.</P>

Effect of manufacturing parameters on the characteristics of vitamin C encapsulated tripolyphosphate-chitosan microspheres prepared by spray-drying

Desai, K. G.,Park, H. J. Taylor & Francis 2006 Journal of microencapsulation Vol.23 No.1

<P>To prepare the sustained release vitamin C carriers, vitamin C was successfully encapsulated in tripolyphosphate (TPP) cross-linked chitosan (TPP-chitosan) microspheres by the spray-drying method at different manufacturing conditions. Manufacturing parameters (inlet temperature, liquid flow rate, chitosan concentration and volume of 1% w/v TPP solution) had a significant influence on the characteristics of thus prepared microspheres. The optimum spray-drying conditions such as inlet temperature, liquid flow rate and compressed air flow rate for the encapsulation of vitamin C in TPP-chitosan microspheres was found to be 170°C, 2 ml min −1 and 10 l min −1 , respectively. The size and yield of the TPP-chitosan microspheres ranged from 3.9–7.3 µm and 54.5–67.5%, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of TPP-chitosan microspheres ranged from 45.72–68.7% and it decreased with the increasing volume of 1% w/v TPP solution. At the same cross-linking extent, the encapsulation efficiency of TPP-chitosan microspheres increased when the concentration of chitosan was increased from 0.5–1% w/v. Effect of volume of 1% w/v TPP solution on the surface morphology of chitosan microspheres was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These studies revealed that chitosan solution (250 ml) cross-linked with 15 ml 1% w/v TPP solution produced more porous microspheres than that cross-linked with 5 and 10 ml TPP solution. The release rate of vitamin C from TPP-chitosan microspheres decreased when the concentration of chitosan was increased from 0.5–1.0% w/v. Vitamin C release rate was also modulated by varying the volume of 1% w/v TPP solution. The release rate of vitamin C from TPP-chitosan microspheres decreased with increasing volume (5–15 ml) of 1% w/v TPP solution.</P>

Challenging Tube and Slip-Link Models: Predicting the Linear Rheology of Blends of Well-Characterized Star and Linear 1,4-Polybutadienes

Desai, Priyanka S.,Kang, Beom-Goo,Katzarova, Maria,Hall, Ryan,Huang, Qifan,Lee, Sanghoon,Shivokhin, Maksim,Chang, Taihyun,Venerus, David C.,Mays, Jimmy,Schieber, Jay D.,Larson, Ronald G. American Chemical Society 2016 Macromolecules Vol.49 No.13

<P>We compare predictions of two of the most advanced versions of the tube model, namely the 'Hierarchical model' by Wang et al. [J. Rheol. 2010, 54, 223] and the BoB (branch-on-branch) model by Das et al. [J. Rheol. 2006, SO, 207], against linear viscoelastic G' and G '' data of binary blends of nearly monodisperse 1,4-polybutadiene 4-arm star polymer of arm molar mass 24 000 g/mol with a monodisperse linear 1,4-polybutadiene of molar mass 58 000 g/mol. The star was carefully synthesized and characterized by temperature gradient interaction chromatography and by linear rheology over a wide frequency region through time temperature superposition. We found large failures of both the Hierarchical and BoB models to predict the terminal relaxation behavior of the star/linear blends, despite their success in predicting the rheology of the pure star and pure linear polymers. This failure occurred regardless of the choices made concerning constraint release, such as assuming arm retraction in 'fat' or 'skinny' tubes. Allowing for 'disentanglement relaxation' to cut off the constraint release Rouse process at long times does lead to improved predictions for our blends, but leads to much worse predictions for other star/linear blends described in the literature, especially those of Shivokhin et al. [Macromolecules 2014, 47, 2451]. In addition, our blends and those of Shivokhin et al. were also tested against a coarse-grained slip-link model, the 'clustered fixed slip-link model (CFSM)' of Schieber and co-workers [J. Rheol. 2014, 58, 723], in which several Kuhn steps are clustered together for computational efficiency. The CFSM with only two molecular-weight- and chain-architecture-independent parameters was able to give very good agreement with all experimental data for both of these sets of blends. In light of its success, the CFSM slip-link model may be used to address the constraint release issue more rigorously and potentially help develop improved tube models.</P>

Partial Desiccation of Embryogenic Calli Improves Plant Regeneration in Sugarcane (Saccharum Spp.)

Desai Neetin Shivajirao,Suprasanna Penna,Bapat Viswas Ananat The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2004 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.6 No.4

Partial desiccation of embryogenic calli cultures or somatic embryos leads to different physiological changes and maturation of somatic embryos, leading to improved plant regeneration. Embryogenic calli was induced from immature inflorescence segments and young leaf rolls of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum hybrids CoC-671) on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium enriched with different concentrations of 2,4-D ($1-4\;\cal{mg/l}$), L-glutamine ($100\cal{mg/l}$), malt extract ($100\cal{mg/l}$), casein hydrolysate ($1000\;\cal{mg/l}$) and coconut milk ($5\%$) and solidified with $0.2\%$ gel rite. The embryogenic calli were subjected to desiccation for 1-8 h. Desiccation of the calli for 6-7 h resulted in enhancement of plant regeneration frequency ($83-96\%$) as compared to control ($12\%$). Plantlets exhibited vigorous growth to maturity in the greenhouse. Partial desiccation of embryogenic calli offers as a simple method for improving plant regeneration frequency in sugarcane.

Mixed finite element model for laminated composite beams

Desai, Y.M.,Ramtekkar, G.S. Techno-Press 2002 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.13 No.3

A novel, 6-node, two-dimensional mixed finite element (FE) model has been developed to analyze laminated composite beams by using the minimum potential energy principle. The model has been formulated by considering four degrees of freedom (two displacement components u, w and two transverse stress components ${\sigma}_z$, $\tau_{xz}$) per node. The transverse stress components have been invoked as nodal degrees of freedom by using the fundamental elasticity equations. Thus, the present mixed finite element model not only ensures the continuity of transverse stress and displacement fields through the thickness of the laminated beams but also maintains the fundamental elasticity relationship between the components of stress, strain and displacement fields throughout the elastic continuum. This is an important feature of the present formulation, which has not been observed in various mixed formulations available in the literature. Results obtained from the model have been shown to be in excellent agreement with the elasticity solutions for thin as well as thick laminated composite beams. A few results for a cross-ply beam under fixed support conditions are also presented.

Investigations on the thickness dependent structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of sprayed cadmium based transparent conducting oxide

Desai, S.P.,Suryawanshi, M.P.,Gaikwad, M.A.,Mane, A.A.,Kim, J.H.,Moholkar, A.V. Elsevier S.A. 2017 Thin Solid Films Vol.628 No.-

The influence of thickness on the properties of cadmium oxide thin films deposited using simple and cost-effective chemical spray pyrolysis technique is studied. The maximum film of thickness 2752nm is achieved by tuning spraying parameters. The thickness dependent structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of CdO thin films have been investigated in detail. The microstructure of CdO thin films significantly changed from rough to smooth and further to rougher surface with increase in film thickness. This behavior has been further confirmed from water contact angle measurement. The optical studies show that the direct band gap energy values ranging between 2.23 and 2.46eV. The Hall effect measurement indicates that all the films exhibit n-type semiconducting behavior with their electrical resistivity lies in the range of 12.8x10<SUP>-4</SUP> to 3.7x10<SUP>-4</SUP>Ω.cm. The CdO film with thickness of 1371nm exhibited the best optoelectronics properties (transmittance of 74%, figure of merit of 18.23x10<SUP>-3</SUP>(Ω)<SUP>-1</SUP>, carrier concentration of 7.30x10<SUP>20</SUP>/cm<SUP>3</SUP> and mobility of 23.11cm<SUP>2</SUP>/Vs) among all the films.

Improved Performance of Compressive Sensing for Speech Signal with Orthogonal Symmetric Toeplitz Matrix

Desai Siddhi,Nakrani Naitik 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.4