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Han, Dalmuri,Lee, Hyung Tae,Lee, June Bong,Kim, Yongbaek,Lee, Sang Jong,Yoon, Jang Won ational Association for Food Protection 2017 Journal of food protection Vol.80 No.2
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Our previous studies demonstrated that a bioprocessed polysaccharide (BPP) isolated from Lentinus edodes mushroom mycelia cultures supplemented with black rice bran can protect mice against Salmonella lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia and reduce the mortality from Salmonella Typhimurium infection through upregulated T-helper 1 immunity. Here, we report that a BPP from L. edodes mushroom mycelia liquid cultures supplemented with turmeric (referred to as BPP-turmeric) alters chicken macrophage responses against avian-adapted Salmonella Gallinarum and protects chicks against a lethal challenge from Salmonella Gallinarum. In vitro analyses revealed that the water extract of BPP-turmeric (i) changed the protein expression or secretion profile of Salmonella Gallinarum, although it was not bactericidal, (ii) reduced the phagocytic activity of the chicken-derived macrophage cell line HD-11 when infected with Salmonella Gallinarum, and (iii) significantly activated the transcription expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in response to various Salmonella infections, whereas it repressed that of IL-4, IL-6, interferon-β, and interferon-γ. We also found that BPP-turmeric (0.1 g/kg of feed) as a feed additive provided significant protection to 1-day-old chicks infected with a lethal dose of Salmonella Gallinarum. Collectively, these results imply that BPP-turmeric contains biologically active component(s) that protect chicks against Salmonella Gallinarum infection, possibly by regulating macrophage immune responses. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential efficacy of BPP-turmeric as a livestock feed additive for the preharvest control of fowl typhoid or foodborne salmonellosis.</P>
Han, Dalmuri,Choi, Mi Ran,Jung, Kyoung Hwa,Kim, Namshin,Kim, Se Kye,Chai, Jin Choul,Lee, Young Seek,Chai, Young Gyu Birkhäuser Boston 2015 Journal of molecular neuroscience Vol.55 No.1
<P>Many genes are associated with the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into astrocytes, the most abundant and functionally diverse population of glial cells in the central nervous system, particularly in the brain. In the present study, we differentiated NSCs from the forebrain of embryonic day 14.5 mouse embryos into astrocytes over 1 and 7 days. We identified transcriptomes of NSCs and astrocytes using RNA sequencing and analyzed enriched gene networks, signal pathways, and ontology. To identify important regulators of differentiation, we performed gene clustering according to expression patterns and promoter CG types. Our data show that genes related to system development, including Fbln2, Bcan, Ncam1, Itih3, Tnr, and Vcan, regulate NSC differentiation through WNT/beta-catenin and epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathways. We identified many CG-rich promoter genes related to basic cellular maintenance such as transcription, translation, and structural components and CG-poor promoter genes that are highly associated with cell-type-specific functions or play important roles during development. Our study provides a foundation for further research on NSC differentiation and the future application of stem cells.</P>
Analysis of Animal Bite Patients for Prevention of Human Rabies in Korea, 2016
( Dalmuri Han ),( Yeong Seon Lee ),( Jun-sun Park ),( Hae Kyung Lee ) 대한인수공통전염병학회 2017 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1
Introduction: Rabies is a zoonotic disease which transmitted by infected animal with rabies virus. More than 95% of deaths of human rabies patients were caused by dog-mediated rabies. In Korea, importance of surveillance of animal bite and active post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was recognized from six rabid death patients without PEP treatment between 1999 and 2004. National surveillance system for patients with animal bite has been operated since 2011 to prevent and control human rabies. Here, we presented analyzing animal bite cases from national surveillance system in 2016. Methods: The information of animal bite cases were collected from the surveillance system by local public health center and the data were analyzed using Excel 2013 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. Results: A total of 820 animal bite cases were enrolled in the system in 2016; 331, 474, and 15 cases from Gangwon, Gyeonggi and others, respectively. Among them, Yangpyeong in Gyeonggi (57%) and Chuncheon in Kangwon (37%) was comparatively high animal bite region. The rate of animal bite patient per 100,000 populations was the highest in Yangpyeong as 244.9, followed by 152.9 in Goseong. Animal bites occurred throughout the year, especially June was relatively high. The species of biting animal were dogs (88.2%), cat (10.0%), raccoon dogs (0.4%), and others (0.4%). The bite rate in man was 54.8% and age group of 50~59 years was the highest. The major bite sites were hands and fingers, as 44.6%. In bite type according to WHO guideline for treatment human rabies, category III cases were 84.8% and only 9.9% cases were promptly treated PEP. In addition, vaccination more than once without immunoglobulin was 13.2%. Conclusion: Human rabies by animal bite causes the public health problem. Rabies is a severe disease because there are no remedies after clinical manifestation. However, rabies is also preventable disease that can be prevented through rapid PEP treatment even if it is bitten by a rabid animal. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the patients of animal bites for prevention for human rabies. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (4800-4838-303-210-13).
A new high-affinity monoclonal antibody against Shiga toxin 1
Dalmuri Han,Hyunil Kim,Jang Won Yoon 한국예방수의학회 2017 예방수의학회지 Vol.41 No.1
As a food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogen, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cause many diseases including mild diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Among various virulence factors previously defined in STEC, Shiga toxins (Stxs) are the hallmark of all the STEC isolates although their expression levels are varied by strains. In this study, we developed a high-affinity monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Stx type 1 (Stx1) produced by STEC. Through searching for the immuno-dominant epitopes in the A subunit of Stx1, two mAb clones specific to Stx1 (designated as 3E3 and 4D4) were selected and evaluated for their specificity and sensitivity. Our results demonstrated that those mAbs were highly specific to Stx1 and sensitive 4 times more than the commercially-available Stx1 antibodies.
Cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate signaling regulates bacterial life cycle and pathogenicity
Dalmuri Han,Jang Won Yoon 한국예방수의학회 2019 예방수의학회지 Vol.43 No.1
In order to deal with various environmental conditions, most living organisms adapt and respond to environmental cues through nucleotide-based second-messenger signaling. Such signals regulate various endogenous factors required for environmental adaptation. In bacteria, there are five kinds of nucleotide-based second messengers, one of which is cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). The molecule is known to regulate many cellular functions including growth, motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. Various environmental cues cause changes in the intracellular concentration of c-di-GMP, depending on the activity of specific c-di-GMP synthases and hydrolases in cells. In this review, we provide insights into nucleotide signaling in bacteria, emphasizing its impact on basic metabolism, its association with other signaling mechanisms, and its role in regulating the virulence of a wide range of bacteria. Moreover, we discuss recent studies suggesting a role for the implicated signaling molecules in bacterial persistence and antibiotic resistance.
송일찬,Sol‑Ah Park,Dalmuri Han,Hae Kyung Lee,안현주,고기성 한국원예학회 2018 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.59 No.2
Plants have emerged as one of the most attractive systems for producing human therapeutic proteins against viral diseases. These include diagnostic reagents, vaccines, and antibodies. This process is known as molecular biofarming. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate tobacco and Arabidopsis as plant platforms for producing human anti-rabies monoclonal antibody (mAb). Both tobacco and Arabidopsis transgenic plants were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Purification of mAb SO57K from each plant was performed with ammonium sulfate-mediated precipitation and protein A affinity columns. SDS–PAGE analysis showed that the purity of mAb SO57K obtained from each transgenic plant was similar, whereas Arabidopsis showed approximately twofold greater protein expression than tobacco. The N-glycosylation was not significantly different between proteins from the two plant species, with both showing oligo-mannose glycan structures. The mAbs SO57 derived from both the model plants had similar neutralizing efficacy against target virus strain CVS-11. Taken together, tobacco and Arabidopsis are both promising platforms for producing a human anti-rabies mAb.