Diagnosis and Integrated Management of Fruit Rot in Cucurbita argyrosperma, Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

José Francisco Díaz Nájera,Jaime Sahagún Castellanos,Mateo Vargas Hernández,Sergio Ayvar Serna,Omar Guadalupe Alvarado Gómez,Clemente Villanueva Verduzco,Marcelo Acosta Ramos 한국식물병리학회 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.3

Fruit rot is the principal phytopathological problem of pipiana pumpkin (Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber) in the state of Guerrero. The aims of this research were to 1) identify the causal agent of southern blight on pumpkin fruits by morphological, pathogenic, and molecular analysis (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2); 2) evaluate in vitro Trichoderma spp. strains and chemical fungicides; and 3) evaluate under rainfed field conditions, the strains that obtained the best results in vitro, combined with fungicides during two crop cycles. Number of commercial and non-commercial fruits at harvest, and seed yield (kg ha-1) were registered. Morphological, pathogenic and molecular characterization identified Sclerotium rolfsii as the causal agent of rot in pipiana pumpkin fruits. Now, in vitro conditions, the highest inhibition of S. rolfsii were obtained by Trichoderma virens strain G-41 (70.72%), T. asperellum strain CSAEGro-1 (69%), and the fungicides metalaxyl (100%), pyraclostrobin (100%), quintozene (100%), cyprodinil + fludioxonil (100%), and prochloraz (100%). Thiophanate-methyl only delayed growth (4.17%). In field conditions, during the spring-summer 2015 cycle, T. asperellum strain CSAEGro-1 + metalaxyl, and T. asperellum + cyprodinil + fludioxonil, favored the highest number of fruits and seed yield in the crop.

Data Randomization and Cluster-Based Partitioning for Botnet Intrusion Detection

Al-Jarrah, Omar Y.,Alhussein, Omar,Yoo, Paul D.,Muhaidat, Sami,Taha, Kamal,Kwangjo Kim IEEE 2016 IEEE transactions on cybernetics Vol.46 No.8

<P>Botnets, which consist of remotely controlled compromised machines called bots, provide a distributed platform for several threats against cyber world entities and enterprises. Intrusion detection system (IDS) provides an efficient countermeasure against botnets. It continually monitors and analyzes network traffic for potential vulnerabilities and possible existence of active attacks. A payload-inspection-based IDS (PI-IDS) identifies active intrusion attempts by inspecting transmission control protocol and user datagram protocol packet's payload and comparing it with previously seen attacks signatures. However, the PI-IDS abilities to detect intrusions might be incapacitated by packet encryption. Traffic-based IDS (T-IDS) alleviates the shortcomings of PI-IDS, as it does not inspect packet payload; however, it analyzes packet header to identify intrusions. As the network's traffic grows rapidly, not only the detection-rate is critical, but also the efficiency and the scalability of IDS become more significant. In this paper, we propose a state-of-the-art T-IDS built on a novel randomized data partitioned learning model (RDPLM), relying on a compact network feature set and feature selection techniques, simplified subspacing and a multiple randomized meta-learning technique. The proposed model has achieved 99.984% accuracy and 21.38 s training time on a well-known benchmark botnet dataset. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed methodology outperforms other well-known machine-learning models used in the same detection task, namely, sequential minimal optimization, deep neural network, C4.5, reduced error pruning tree, and randomTree.</P>

R-CNN Auto-system for Detecting Text Road Signs in Baghdad

Omar M. S. Ali,Ali A. D. Al-Zuky,Fatin E. M. Al-Obaidi 대한전자공학회 2024 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.13 No.2

Due to inadequate lighting, motion blur, occlusion, and the eventual disappearance of road signs, the determination of textual road signs is difficult to resolve. With the aid of a recurrent convolutional neural network (R-CNN), the current study focuses on detecting textual road signs in Baghdad at different times of day under varied situations, including vehicle speed, surrounding layers, epochs of the R-CNN, etc. Two types of different contrast on signs were used: blue and blue-green signs with white text. The differences in contrast seem to play an effective role in recall, sensitivity, and F1 score values. Results showed that the precision values for all signs and epochs were unity. For 20 and 60 epochs, the sensitivity values for the blue sign were 47.43% and 48.35%, respectively, while for the blue-green sign, the sensitivity values were equal to 95.19% for both numbers of epochs. The F1 scores were 0.6435 and 0.9753 for 20 epochs, while for 60 epochs it was 0.6518 and 0.9753 for blue and blue-green signs, respectively. The experiments validated the suggested software and provided implementation guidance to diagnose and automatically classify text road signs on streets.

One-step versus two-step dolomite calcitization (dedolomitization): differences and inferences

Omar A. Radwan,Ahmet U. Dogan,Mohamed A. Morsy,Michael A. Kaminski,John D. Humphrey,Eric H. Christiansen 한국지질과학협의회 2021 Geosciences Journal Vol.25 No.4

Polycrystalline calcite pseudomorphs after dolomite can exhibit mosaic or drusy fabric caused by replacement of the dolomite by calcite (one-step dedolomitization) or dolomite dissolution followed by calcite cementation (two-step dedolomitization), respectively. This study discusses the differences between the two types and interprets the characteristics of the fluid causing them. Conclusions drawn here are founded on a microscopic and petrophysical examination of an outcrop of Tuwaiq Mountain Formation, central Arabian Peninsula. Petrographic examination shows that dedolomite has distinct microfabrics in each part of the section. The lower part of the section is not affected by dolomite calcitization, the middle part is dominated by replacement fabrics, and the upper part is dominated by dissolution and/or cementation fabrics. Petrophysical examination shows a wider range of porosity and permeability values for the upper part of the section, relative to the middle and lower parts. One-step dedolomitization is characterized by preservation of the external morphology of the parent dolomite, confinement to the volume previously occupied by the dolomite, development of intracrystalline porosity and permeability that allows the fluid to maintain contact with the reaction front, and no significant effect on porosity of the original rock. Two-step dedolomitization is characterized by corrosion of the external morphology of the parent dolomite, association with other forms of calcite cementation, development without intracrystalline porosity and permeability, and positive or negative effects on the porosity. While one-step dedolomitization appears to occur within a stagnant zone of fluid circulation, the two-step dedolomitization is considered to reflect an active fluid-flow system.

Non-Heme Manganese Catalysts for On-Demand Production of Chlorine Dioxide in Water and Under Mild Conditions

Hicks, Scott D.,Kim, Doyeon,Xiong, Silei,Medvedev, Grigori A.,Caruthers, James,Hong, Seungwoo,Nam, Wonwoo,Abu-Omar, Mahdi M. American Chemical Society 2014 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.136 No.9

<P>Two non-heme manganese complexes are used in the catalytic formation of chlorine dioxide from chlorite under ambient temperature at pH 5.00. The catalysts afford up to 1000 turnovers per hour and remain highly active in subsequent additions of chlorite. Kinetic and spectroscopic studies revealed a Mn<SUP>III</SUP>(OH) species as the dominant form under catalytic conditions. A Mn<SUP>III</SUP>(μ-O)Mn<SUP>IV</SUP> dinuclear species was observed by EPR spectroscopy, supporting the involvement of a putative Mn<SUP>IV</SUP>(O) species. First-order kinetic dependence on the manganese catalyst precludes the dinuclear species as the active form of the catalyst. Quantitative kinetic modeling enabled the deduction of a mechanism that accounts for all experimental observations. The chlorine dioxide producing cycle involves formation of a putative Mn<SUP>IV</SUP>(O), which undergoes PCET (proton coupled electron-transfer) reaction with chlorite to afford chlorine dioxide. The ClO<SUB>2</SUB> product can be efficiently removed from the aqueous reaction mixture via purging with an inert gas, allowing for the preparation of pure chlorine dioxide for on-site use and further production of chlorine dioxide.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2014/jacsat.2014.136.issue-9/ja5001642/production/images/medium/ja-2014-001642_0012.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja5001642'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

A multi-institutional analysis of sternoclavicular joint coverage following osteomyelitis

Sammy Othman,Omar Elfanagely,Saïd C. Azoury,Geoffrey M. Kozak,Jessica Cunning,Arturo J. Rios-Diaz,Prashanth Palvannan,Patrick Greaney,Matthew P. Jenkins,Doraid Jarrar,Stephen J. Kovach,John P. Fischer 대한성형외과학회 2020 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.47 No.5

Background Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) osteomyelitis is a rare pathology requiring urgent intervention. Several operative approaches have been described with conflicting reports. Here, we present a multi-institutional study utilizing multiple surgical pathways for SCJ reconstruction. Methods A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify patients who underwent surgical repair for sternoclavicular osteomyelitis between 2008 and 2019. Patients were stratified according to reconstruction approach: single-stage reconstruction with advancement flap and delayed-reconstruction with flap following initial debridement. Demographics, operative approach, type of reconstruction, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Results Thirty-two patients were identified. Mean patient age was 56.2±13.8 years and 68.8% were male. The average body mass index (BMI) was 30.0±8.8 kg/m2. The most common infection etiologies were intravenous drug use and bacteremia (both 25%). Fourteen patients (43.8%) underwent one-stage reconstruction and 18 (56.2%) underwent delayed twostaged reconstruction. Both single and delayed-stage groups had comparable rates of reinfection (7.1% vs. 11.1%, respectively), surgical site complications (21.4% vs. 27.8%), readmissions (7.1% vs. 16.6%), and reoperations (7.1% vs. 5.6%; all P>0.05). The single-stage reconstruction group had a significantly lower BMI (26.2±5.7 kg/m2 vs. 32.9±9.1 kg/m2; P<0.05) and trended towards shorter hospital length of stay (11.3 days vs. 17.9 days; P=0.01). Conclusions Both single and delayed-stage approaches are appropriate methods with comparable outcomes for reconstruction for SCJ osteomyelitis. When clinically indicated, a singlestage reconstruction approach may be preferable in order to avoid a second operation as associated with the delayed phase, and possibly shortening total hospital length of stay.

Proteomic Changes in Chick Brain Proteome Post Treatment with Lathyrus Sativus Neurotoxin, β-N-Oxalyl-L-α,β-Diaminopropionic Acid (L-ODAP): A Better Insight to Transient Neurolathyrism

Anil Kumar, D,Natarajan, Sumathi,Omar, Nabil A M Bin,Singh, Preeti,Bhimani, Rohan,Singh, Surya Satyanarayana Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2018 Toxicological Research Vol.34 No.3

Neurolathyrism is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by spastic paraplegia resulting from the excessive consumption of Lathyrus sativus (Grass pea). ${\beta}$-N-Oxalyl-L-${\alpha},{\beta}$-diaminopropionic acid (L-ODAP) is the primary neurotoxic component in this pea. The present study attempted to evaluate the proteome-wide alterations in chick brain 2 hr and 4 hr post L-ODAP treatment. Proteomic analysis of chick brain homogenates revealed several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure, signaling, cellular metabolism, free radical scavenging, oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders were initially up-regulated at 2 hr and later recovered to normal levels by 4 hr. Since L-ODAP mediated neurotoxicity is mainly by excitotoxicity and oxidative stress related dysfunctions, this study further evaluated the role of L-ODAP in apoptosis in vitro using human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32. The in vitro studies carried out at $200{\mu}M$ L-ODAP for 4 hr indicate minimal intracellular ROS generation and alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential though not leading to apoptotic cell death. L-ODAP at low concentrations can be explored as a stimulator of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated cell signaling pathways not detrimental to cells. Insights from our study may provide a platform to explore the beneficial side of L-ODAP at lower concentrations. This study is of significance especially in view of the Government of India lifting the ban on cultivation of low toxin Lathyrus varieties and consumption of this lentil.

Proteomic Changes in Chick Brain Proteome Post Treatment with Lathyrus Sativus Neurotoxin, β-N-Oxalyl-L-α,β-Diaminopropionic Acid (L-ODAP)

Anil Kumar D,Sumathi Natarajan,Nabil A M Bin Omar,Preeti Singh,Rohan Bhimani,Surya Satyanarayana Singh 한국독성학회 2018 Toxicological Research Vol.34 No.3

Neurolathyrism is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by spastic paraplegia resulting from the excessive consumption of Lathyrus sativus (Grass pea). β-N-Oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (L-ODAP) is the primary neurotoxic component in this pea. The present study attempted to evaluate the proteome-wide alterations in chick brain 2 hr and 4 hr post L-ODAP treatment. Proteomic analysis of chick brain homogenates revealed several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure, signaling, cellular metabolism, free radical scavenging, oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders were initially up-regulated at 2 hr and later recovered to normal levels by 4 hr. Since L-ODAP mediated neurotoxicity is mainly by excitotoxicity and oxidative stress related dysfunctions, this study further evaluated the role of L-ODAP in apoptosis in vitro using human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32. The in vitro studies carried out at 200 μM L-ODAP for 4 hr indicate minimal intracellular ROS generation and alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential though not leading to apoptotic cell death. L-ODAP at low concentrations can be explored as a stimulator of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated cell signaling pathways not detrimental to cells. Insights from our study may provide a platform to explore the beneficial side of LODAP at lower concentrations. This study is of significance especially in view of the Government of India lifting the ban on cultivation of low toxin Lathyrus varieties and consumption of this lentil.

Proapoptotic and Antimetastatic Properties of Supercritical CO2 Extract of Nigella sativa Linn. Against Breast Cancer Cells

Hussein M. Baharetha,Zeyad D. Nassar,Abdalrahim F. Aisha,Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed,Foaud Saleih R. Al-Suede,Mohd Omar Abd Kadir,Zhari Ismail,Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.12

Nigella sativa, commonly referred as black cumin, is a popular spice that has been used since the ancient Egyptians. It has traditionally been used for treatment of various human ailments ranging from fever to intestinal disturbances to cancer. This study investigated the apoptotic, antimetastatic, and anticancer activities of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extracts of the seeds of N. sativa Linn. against estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Twelve extracts were prepared from N. sativa seeds using the SC-CO2 extraction method by varying pressure and temperature. Extracts were analyzed using FTIR and UV-Vis spectrometry. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated on various human cancer and normal cell lines. Of the 12 extracts, 1 extract (A3) that was prepared at 60C and 2500 psi (*17.24 MPa) showed selective antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 53.34 – 2.15 lg/mL. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by evaluating caspases activities and observing the cells under a scanning electron microscope. In vitro antimetastatic properties of A3 were investigated by colony formation, cell migration, and cell invasion assays. The elevated levels of caspases in A3 treated MCF-7 cells suggest that A3 is proapoptotic. Further nuclear condensation and fragmentation studies confirmed that A3 induces cytotoxicity through the apoptosis pathway. A3 also demonstrated remarkable inhibition in migration and invasion assays of MCF-7 cells at subcytotoxic concentrations. Thus, this study highlights the therapeutic potentials of SC-CO2 extract of N. sativa in targeting breast cancer.

Molecular identification and virulence of six isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) to Bemisia tabaci Q biotype

M.T. Islam,D. Omar,M. Shabanimofrad 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3

The aimof this studywas to investigate the molecular identification and virulence of the entomopathogenic fungusMetarhizium anisopliae. Initially, the alignments of nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) 1-5.8S-ITS4 regions of six isolates–TFFH1, TFFH3, PR1, MAP, GT3, and GT2–were investigated using GenBankITS sequences for the same region and species of fungus. Thereafter, the in vitro (germination, vegetative growth,and sporulation) and the in vivo (%mortality of Bemisia tabaci) virulence of the funguswere investigated. A BLASTsearch of the ITS1 region revealed a match to a sequence registered under the accession number forM. anisopliae. The submitted sequence datawere registered and providedwith the accession numbers JX041507 to JX0415012,which were released in August 2012 (GenBank). In the virulence experiments, the highest germination percentage,vegetative growth, and sporulation of M. anisopliae were observed in the isolate PR1, with mean values of97.2%, 4.6 cm, and 7.2 × 106 conidia/ml, respectively; while the highest mortality percentage of B. tabaci was observedin the isolate GT3,with an mean value of 84.3%. This study concludes that all the six tested isolates–TFFH1,TFFH3, PR1, MAP, GT3, and GT2–are M. anisopliae and the isolates PR1 and GT3 are more virulent to B. tabaci thanthat by the other four isolates.