Simvastatin attenuates delayed encephalopathy induced by carbon monoxide poisoning in rats by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation and NF-κB pathway

Chu Zhe,Liu Zuolong,Li Wei,Xu Dahai,Pang Li 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.2

Background Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The delayed encephalopathy occurs a period after poisoning in patients without effective treatment. Simvastatin (Sim), a lipid-lowering drug, was reported to exert endothelial protective effects and inhibit inflammatory response. This research focused on the effects of Sim on delayed encephalopathy caused by CO poisoning. Objective The acute CO poisoning model was established by exposing rats to 2500 ppm CO gas for 40 min, then 3000 ppm for 30 min or until they lost consciousness. Rats in the treatment group were given Sim (20 mg/kg/day, ig.). The behavioral tests included the Morris water maze test and shuttle box. The pathological changes were evaluated by H and E staining. The inflammatory mediators were analyzed by ELISA. The expression levels of eNOS, iNOS and the NF-κB-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Results The results showed that Sim could alleviate CO-induced behavioral disorders and the hippocampal nerve cells apoptosis. Sim administration reversed the effects of CO on oxidative stress-related molecules. Sim could also inhibit the production of the inflammatory mediators induced by CO. The level of eNOS was decreased after CO exposure, while iNOS was increased. Sim could significantly inhibit the effects of CO. Furthermore, Sim inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα (an NF-κB inhibitory protein), i.e., the activation of NF-κB, which indicated that Simvastatin reduced the inflammatory response induced by CO poisoning partially through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion To sum up, our research indicated that Sim could attenuate the delayed encephalopathy induced by CO poisoning via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation and NF-κB pathway. Background Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The delayed encephalopathy occurs a period after poisoning in patients without effective treatment. Simvastatin (Sim), a lipid-lowering drug, was reported to exert endothelial protective effects and inhibit inflammatory response. This research focused on the effects of Sim on delayed encephalopathy caused by CO poisoning. Objective The acute CO poisoning model was established by exposing rats to 2500 ppm CO gas for 40 min, then 3000 ppm for 30 min or until they lost consciousness. Rats in the treatment group were given Sim (20 mg/kg/day, ig.). The behavioral tests included the Morris water maze test and shuttle box. The pathological changes were evaluated by H and E staining. The inflammatory mediators were analyzed by ELISA. The expression levels of eNOS, iNOS and the NF-κB-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Results The results showed that Sim could alleviate CO-induced behavioral disorders and the hippocampal nerve cells apoptosis. Sim administration reversed the effects of CO on oxidative stress-related molecules. Sim could also inhibit the production of the inflammatory mediators induced by CO. The level of eNOS was decreased after CO exposure, while iNOS was increased. Sim could significantly inhibit the effects of CO. Furthermore, Sim inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα (an NF-κB inhibitory protein), i.e., the activation of NF-κB, which indicated that Simvastatin reduced the inflammatory response induced by CO poisoning partially through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion To sum up, our research indicated that Sim could attenuate the delayed encephalopathy induced by CO poisoning via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation and NF-κB pathway.

복합상업시설 내부가로 계획특성 경향 분석

림철(Lin Zhe),송병준(Song, Byung-Joon),주범(Chu Beom) 한국실내디자인학회 2014 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.23 No.4

The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes, which are the extension of urban streets, are being changed from a mediating space aiming at movement to a staying-type space according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes. And function as a resting place of user with court and plaza, and act as an urban public space, and accommodate an activity arising from the gathering of many people. As a result, a role of new relaxation and community space is played in the center of the city. And the aspect of publicness is brought into relief. Hence, this study is intended to examine the characteristics that the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes have, and furthermore, it is intended to show the planning characteristics in the contemporary mixed-use commercial complexes. With regard to the method of research, first, space configuration and role of internal streets was examined according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes on the basic of precedent research and literature review. And the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes were classified into doorway part, traffic line, and open space. And the characteristics of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes through the concept of architectural `publicness` were derived as accessibility, amenity, perceptibility, openness, connectivity and symbolism. The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes should be changed by the space planning to secure continuity with the city on the basis of accessibility and connectivity and to reinforce visual openness in the internal streets in order to improve amenity and perceptibility, accordingly the mixed-use commercial complexes will be also born again as symbolic public space in the city. Variously changing elements to improve publicness very importantly act on the planning of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes, and therefore researches should be continuously carried out.

Preparation of Thermosensitive Hydrogels by means of Tandem Physical and Chemical Crosslinking

Hong-Liang Wei,Kai Yao,Zhe Yang,Hui-Juan Chu,Jing Zhu,Cun-Cai Ma,Zi-Xuan Zhao 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.3

The tandem physical and chemical crosslinking was used to prepare injectable hydrogels. First, the terpolymers with diene groups were synthesized by the free radical copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and furfuryl methacrylate (FM). Second, dienophile-functionalized terpolymers were obtained from the terpolymers of NIPA, DMA, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and Nmaleoyl alanine (AMI) by a coupling reaction under N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). When the screened diene-functionalized terpolymer and dienophile-functionalized terpolymer were dissolved separately in water and mixed, physically cross-linked hydrogels formed rapidly within 10 s at 37 ℃. Subsequently, the physically crosslinked hydrogels could change gradually into chemically cross-linked hydrogels by a Diels-Alder reaction and the mechanical strength of the hydrogels could be improved. The swelling behavior study suggests that the hydrogels possess thermosensitivity and good reproducibility at different temperatures. The strategy described, i.e. incorporating the advantages of physically crosslinked hydrogels and chemically crosslinked hydrogels, has potential applications in the preparation of injectable hydrogels.

태권도 수련생의 참여동기가 운동지속에 미치는 영향에서 만족도의 매개효과

유원등(Won-Deung Yu),추취센(Zhe-Sen Chu),장선미(Sun-Mi Jang),정영주(Young-Joo Jung),김용재(Yong-Jae Kim) 한국자료분석학회 2018 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.20 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 태권도 수련생의 참여동기가 운동지속에 미치는 영향에서 만족도의 매개효과를 규명하여 이를 통해 태권도 활성화 방안을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 2017년 11월부터 2017년 12월까지 태권도 수련생 373명 대상으로 실시한 설문조사를 통해 매개효과 검증을 위하여 3단계 회귀분석을 사용하였으며, Sobel의 검증 공식을 사용하여 통계적 유의성 검증 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 태권도 수련생의 참여동기가 만족도에 미치는 영향에서 참여동기 하위요인은 사교로 나타났다. 태권도 수련생의 참여동기가 운동지속에 미치는 영향에서 운동능력은 즐거움, 성취감, 외적과시, 운동습관은 사교, 건강체력, 외적과시, 운동환경은 기술발달, 외적과시로 나타났으며, 운동관심은 성취감, 사교, 외적과시로 나타났으며, 운동친구는 성취감, 컨디션, 사교로 나타났다. 태권도 수련생의 참여동기와 만족도가 운동지속에 미치는 영향에서 운동능력은 즐거움, 성취감, 외적과시, 만족도, 운동습관, 운동환경은 외적과시, 만족도로 나타났으며, 운동관심은 성취감, 만족도, 운동친구는 성취감, 컨디션, 사교, 만족도로 나타났다. 참여동기 중 사교가 운동친구에서 미치는 영향에서 만족도는 부분매개 역할을 통계적으로 유의하게 하는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to clearly identify the mediating effect of satisfaction on the participation motivation of Taekwondo practitioners in terms of the duration and persistence of exercise and to provide basic data about practical and effective ways of utilizing Taekwondo. In order to achieve this goal, a three-step regression analysis was used to verify the mediating effects through a survey of the 373 Taekwondo practitioners from November 2017 to December 2017. Using Sobel s verification formula, the mediating effects were found to be statistically significant, resulting in the following conclusion. In terms of the influence of the motivation to participate on the continuity of practice among Taekwondo practioners, socialization was found to have a statistically significant influence as a mediating effect on satisfaction among the different motivations to participate.

Influence of FeSe doping on superconducting properties of MgB2 by hybrid microwave method

Cheng Cheng,Zhenjie Feng,Qing Li,Xu Wang,Chuan Yu,Hao Chu,Ya Yang,Changqin Liu,Yiming Cao,Zhe Li,Jingzhe Chen,Chao Jing,Shixun Cao,Jincang Zhang 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.11

The effect of FeSe doping on the physical properties of MgB2 is studied. Bulk samples of the FeSe doped MgB2 with weight ratio x ðFeSe : MgB2Þ ¼ 0%; 3%; 7% and 10% were prepared by hybrid microwave method. It is proved that FeSe is not stable together with MgB2. Fe2þ enters into MgB2 lattice, some Mg2þ and Se2『 are combined into the new impurity compound MgSe. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) slightly decreased with increasing doping content of FeSe from R-T and M-T curves, which results from the substitution of Mg2þ by Fe2þ in the MgB2 lattice. The Jc increase slightly with the FeSe doping content increasing from 3 wt % to 10 wt %, which results from the increasing MgSe impurity pinning centers.

Mortality of 15 commercial insecticides against Korean and Chinese Bemicia tabici populations

In-hong Jeong,Gwan-seok Lee,Bueyong Park,Dong Chu,Yong-zhe Zhu 한국응용곤충학회 2020 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.05

Construction of Z-scheme W18O49/NiAl-LDH heterojunction with photothermal effect for photocatalytic reduction of CO2

Cheng Xia,Rui-Tang Guo,Zhen-rui Zhang,Chen-yuan Fan,Yu-zhe Liu,Yu-cheng Lin,Chu-fan Li,Wei-Guo Pan 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.128 No.-

Recently, the photocatalytic CO2 reduction technology is an effective solution to remit the energy crisis. Inorder to improve the photocatalytic performance, Z-scheme W18O49/NiAl-LDH composite catalysts wereprepared by hydrothermal method. Fortunately, the prepared catalysts revealed excellent photocatalyticperformance under the simulated sunlight, and CO and CH4 could be detected in the reduction products. WO/LDH-0.5 catalyst possessed the optimal activity, with CO and CH4 yield of 37.09 and 8.01 lmol g-1h1separately, which were 7.9 and 3.6 times that of NiAl-LDH monomer. In addition, W18O49 endowedW18O49/NiAl-LDH catalysts with photothermal effect, which raised the surface temperature andfacilitated the catalytic reaction. Meanwhile, the Z-scheme heterojunction composed of flower-likeNiAl-LDH and urchin-like W18O49 accelerated the separation of photoexcited carriers and enhanced theredox ability. Through a series of characterizations and investigations, this work is promising to breaknew ground for the design of photocatalysts with photothermal effect.