Improvement of hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium thin film solar cells by different p-type contact layer

Cho, J.,Pham, D.P.,Jung, J.,Shin, C.,Park, J.,Kim, S.,Tuan Le, A.H.,Park, H.,Iftiquar, S.M.,Yi, J. Pergamon 2016 Materials science in semiconductor processing Vol.41 No.-

In this study, we report an appreciably increased efficiency from 6% up to 9.1% of hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium (a-SiGe:H) thin film solar cells by using a combination of different p-doped window layers, such as boron doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (p-a-Si:H), amorphous silicon oxide (p-a-SiO<SUB>x</SUB>:H), microcrystalline silicon (p-@?c-Si:H), and microcrystalline silicon oxide (p-@?c-SiO<SUB>x</SUB>:H). Optoelectronic properties and the role of these p-layers in the enhancement of a-SiGe:H cell efficiency were also examined and discussed. An improvement of 1.62mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> in the short-circuit current density (J<SUB>sc</SUB>) is attributed to the higher band gap of p-type silicon oxide layers. In addition, an increase in open-circuit voltage (V<SUB>oc</SUB>) by 150mV and fill factor (FF) by 6.93% is ascribed to significantly improved front TCO/p-layer interface contact.

Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂)-based inorganic salt electrode for supercapacitor with long-cycle life performance

Cho, S.,Han, J.,Kim, J.,Jo, Y.,Woo, H.,Lee, S.,Aqueel Ahmed, A.T.,Chavan, H.C.,Pawar, S.M.,Gunjakar, J.L.,Kwak, J.,Park, Y.,Inamdar, A.I.,Kim, H.,Kim, H.,Im, H. ELSEVIER 2017 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.17 No.9

<P>A novel water-soluble inorganic Ca(NO3)(2) salt electrode is investigated for its pseudocapacitance in an aqueous KOH electrolyte. Commercially available Ca(NO3)(2) salt is directly used as the key electrode material. The supercapacitor electrode contains Ca(NO3)(2) salt, carbon black, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in a ratio of 80:10:10. The Ca(NO3)(2)-based electrode demonstrates an exceptionally long life cycling stability, and a reasonably sound specific capacitance of 234 F/g is obtained at a current density of 3 A/g. Via chemical and electrochemical reactions, the in-situ activation of the Ca(NO3)(2) forms an intermediate CaO which contributes to the pseudocapacitance of the electrode. The electrode undergoes a reversible redox reaction between Cu2+ <-> Cu+ during the charge-discharge process. Superior rate capability and excellent specific capacitance retention of similar to 120% over 2000 cycles are achieved compared with other inorganic salt electrodes. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

The Effect of Hand Acupuncture on Relief of Perimenstrual Discomfort

Cho, Kyoul-Ja,Moon, H.J.,Park, S.A.,Kang, H.S.,Shin, H.S.,Chung, S.C.,Lee, E.M. 경희대학교 2001 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.2001 No.1

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of hand acupuncture for reduction of dysmenorrhea. 71 female middle school and high school students were selected as subjects from April to May 2001, among which 38 students consisted of the experimental group while 22 persons the control group, by convenient assignment. The experimental group participated in hand acupuncture treatment. The experimental treatment was to puncture corresponding points(A4, A5, J1, J3, J23, H2, F7) on both the palm and back of a hand with disposable acupuncture needles and to eliminate after 20-30 minutes' recess during which the subjects reposed theirselves. The collected data were processed using the SPSS PC Program and analyzed using x2- test and t-test. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The symptoms of premenstrual Syndrome have decreased, but no differences were statistically observed between hand-acupunctured group and non-hand acupunctured group. 2. Subjective pain degree has decreased after hand acupuncture. 3. As for Objective Pain degree, a significant reduction in voice change was observed between two groups. But facial changes and perspiration degree showed no significant changes between two groups. 4. Comfort has increased after hand acupuncture. These results suggest that the hand acupuncture works effectively on easing menstrual pain and symptom as well as partially on reducing discomfort. It is particularly efficacious for a reduction in subjective pain and facial changes in positive respect. Therefore the hand acupuncture treatment can be considered as an independent nursing intervention for pain reduction.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of three color variants of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Jo, J.,Park, J.,Lee, H.G.,Kern, E.M.A.,Cheon, S.,Jin, S.,Park, J.K.,Cho, S.J.,Park, C. Elsevier Publishing Services 2016 MARINE GENOMICS Vol.28 No.-

<P>The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka 1867 represents an important resource in biomedical research, traditional medicine, and the seafood industry. Much of the commercial value of A. japonicus is determined by dorsal/ventral color variation (red, green, and black), yet the taxonomic relationships between these color variants are not clearly understood. We performed the first comparative analysis of de novo assembled transcriptome data from three color variants of A. japonicus. Using the Illumina platform, we sequenced nearly 177,596,774 clean reads representing a total of 18.2 Gbp of sea cucumber transcriptome. A comparison of over 0.3 million transcript scaffolds against the Uniprot/Swiss-Prot database yielded 8513, 8602, and 8588 positive matches for green, red, and black body color transcriptomes, respectively. Using the Panther gene classification system, we assessed an extensive and diverse set of expressed genes in three color variants and found that (1) among the three color variants of A. japonicus, genes associated with RNA binding protein, oxidoreductase, nucleic acid binding, transferase, and KRAB box transcription factor were most commonly expressed; and (2) the main protein functional classes are differently regulated in all three color variants (extracellular matrix protein and phosphatase for green color, transporter and potassium channel for red color, and G-protein modulator and enzyme modulator for black color). This work will assist in the discovery and annotation of novel genes that play significant morphological and physiological roles in color variants of A. japonicus, and these sequence data will provide a useful set of resources for the rapidly growing sea cucumber aquaculture industry. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

미국 의학드라마에 나타난 간호이미지와 역할수행 연구

권영애,길민지,김정현,박옥경,서민정,유현정,이민경,정지혜,조양현,천기윤,이자형,정덕유,김성남 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2009 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.43

We tried to inquire the people's views on nursing or nurses, correct the image of nurse and take it as a basis to be applied on nursing education examining the image of nursing on Television drama playing a important role of mass media. 523 nurses of the characters in drama is applied to the analysis object of this study by selecting 3 American medical dramas, Grey's Anatomy, House M.D, E.R from 2005 to 2007. Contents analysis method was used in Data Analysis, which was used in Lim Mi-lim ?Research on contents analysis on image of nursing on television drama?, 7 Items was used after Coders previously modify and compensate it based on research documents of Kalish & Kalisch(1986), Yoon Young(1983), Lee Hye-Ok(1982), Lee Young-Bok, etc in analysis items. Before making the coding, we did pre-test. 6 Coders made of 3teams, 2 Coders are in each team, made the Codings the article on each person by Item seeing the recorded Film. An each team makes coding about 50episodes, total 147episodes for 2weeks. We used double coding and when the results are different between two coders, we decided just one result through mutual agreement. The average of reliability degree was 97.4% which measured the reliability degree by the method of Holsti. The statistic method of Frequency, Percentage was used using EXCEL Program in data processing. The result of research is as follows. 1. The general feature of nurses on the drama is that they are women(92.7%) which is 20 or 30-aged(70.5%). 2. Relative importance of 65.2% nurses in drama is depicted as surrounding characters and most of them was expressed as the character plating surrounding role. 3. The affair attitude of nurses shown on drama is revealed as active(24.5%), autonomous(32%), kind(16.8%), mechanical(23.2%) and adept(28.4%). However, unknown category is the highest in all affairs. 4. The professional activity of nurses was classified with professional/simple affair, The professional activity of nurses was 80% and simple activity of nurses was 22.9%. The professional activity of nurses was classified with personal/assistant affair. The personal activity of nurses was 61.9% and assistant activity of nurses was 15.1%. 5. The place nurses of the drama appears are hospital(97.7%). 6. The appearance feature of nurses is shown on common physique (55.0%), common stature(79.3%), common appearance(76.1%), common dignity(97.5%) and decent (51.1%). 7. The feature of character of nurses depicted on Television drama is neutral in all 11 affairs. We want the following epigraph based on above conclusion. 1. The continuos research intended for mass people is required about how their image of nurse is changed after watching medical drama. 2. The research to construct monitoring mass media system and make plans for developing is required for nurse image being in a triangular position as a professional job.

학령전기 아동 부모의 성지식, 성교육 인식 및 현황, 성교육 요구도에 관한 연구

김다연,김민지,김유정,방예림,손윤희,윤지현,조아람,조은미,최지현,Jubilie Hta 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the sexual knowledge, and sex education perception and current status of the parents of preschoolers. The objective was to analyze the relationship between sexual knowledge and sex education demands of parents. Method: The method used in this study was a descriptive correlationstudy. The subjects were 278 parents of 3-to-6 year old children in 5 kindergartens located in Seoul. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and correlation using the SPSS 20.0 program. Result: The results of this study were the following: 1.There was no significantdifference in the sexual knowledge between the father and mother of preschoolers (Father 20.76, Mother 20.73). According to the findings, sexual knowledge was higher when both father and mother were older (P=.005). Similarly, when the economic level of the father and mother was high, sexual knowledge was also high (P=.030). 2.Concerning sexual education perception, it was found out that both father and mother thought that sex education was necessary. 3.In terms of sex education, a significant difference was noted. Mothers conducted sex education more often than fathers (Fathers, 46.7% Mother, 60.3%). Both the father and mother thought that providing sex education would be best in Grades 1-2, especially for ages 6-7. 4.When asked about the demands for sex education in terms of the physical, social, and living aspects, living aspect was the highest demand. It was revealed that both fathers and mothers were aware of the need for sex education, and when parents hadmore sexual knowledge, they would demand more sex education. Accordingly, there was a correlation between parent’s sexual knowledge and demand for sex education (r=.202, p=.001). Conclusion: Since the age,knowledge, education and economic levels of parents were different, it was necessary to develop sexeducation programs in accordance with their levels. In this way, preschooler parents would be able to teach sex education appropriate to their children’s level.

Novel fabrication route for carbon-free and dense CuInSe₂ (CIS) thin films via a non-vacuum process for solar cell application

Eo, Y.J.,Lee, W.,Kim, K.,Ahn, S.,Cho, A.,Gwak, J.,Yoon, K.,Moon, S.Y.,Jung, H.R.,Kim, J.H.,Yun, J.H. Elsevier 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.10

Carbon-free CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> (CIS) thin film with a dense microstructure has been prepared using a novel non-vacuum based fabrication route. Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S<SUB>y</SUB> and In<SUB>2</SUB>Se<SUB>3</SUB> binary nanoparticles, approximately 10 nm in size, were synthesized by a low temperature colloidal process. The precursor film was deposited using the coating ink formulated with the binary nanoparticles and pyridine, and then annealed in the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) chamber at 540 <SUP>o</SUP>C for 15 min under selenium (Se) atmosphere. Scanning electron micrographs, X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra showed a phase pure carbon-free and dense CIS thin film was prepared in this method. A solar cell device fabricated using this CIS thin film showed the following photovoltaic characteristics: V<SUB>OC</SUB> = 350 mV, J<SUB>SC</SUB> = 24.72 mA cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, FF = 38.73% and η = 3.36% under standard AM 1.5 condition.

Optimal expression and characterization of a fusion enzyme having dextransucrase and dextranase activities

Ryu, H.J.,Jin, X.,Lee, J.H.,Woo, H.J.,Kim, Y.M.,Kim, G.J.,Seo, E.S.,Kang, H.K.,Kim, J.,Cho, D.L.,Kimura, A.,Kim, D. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2010 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.47 No.5

Long isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOs) were generated via an engineered fusion enzyme of dextransucrase and dextranase (DSXR). To increase the expression level, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized for optimization of protein expression conditions for enhancement of protein production by the effects of three-level-three-factors and their mutual interaction in Escherichia coli. Seventeen experiments were designed and conducted for investigation of cell density to start induction, induction temperature, and induction time. Optimal induction conditions included a cell density to start induction (A<SUB>600</SUB>) of 0.76 at 12.16<SUP>o</SUP>C for 18h for dextransucrase activity and a cell density to start induction (A<SUB>600</SUB>) of 0.75 at 10.5<SUP>o</SUP>C for 20.9h for dextranase activity. The produced dextransucrase or dextranase activity was obtained at 120.1+/-7.2 or 871+/-58U, respectively, from 1L cultures.

High galectin-1 expression correlates with poor prognosis and is involved in epithelial ovarian cancer proliferation and invasion

Kim, H.J.,Jeon, H.K.,Cho, Y.J.,Park, Y.A.,Choi, J.J.,Do, I.G.,Song, S.Y.,Lee, Y.Y.,Choi, C.H.,Kim, T.J.,Bae, D.S.,Lee, J.W.,Kim, B.G. Pergamon Press 2012 European journal of cancer Vol.48 No.12

Purpose: Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a 14-kDa laminin-binding galectin involved in several biological events including regulation of tumour proliferation and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of Gal-1 expression and its functional role in cell proliferation and invasion in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Experimental design: We evaluated the expression of Gal-1 in 52 serous, 11 endometrioid, and 3 mucinous type EOC tumour samples from 66 patients by immunohistochemistry. In vitro experiments were performed to determine the function of Gal-1 in cell survival, proliferation, and invasion in EOC cells using siRNA and anginex, a Gal-1 inhibitor, as well as recombinant Gal-1 protein. Results: Patients with strong Gal-1 peritumoural staining had poorer progression-free survival (PFS) than patients with weak peritumoural staining (p=0.03). Inhibition of Gal-1 by siRNA or anginex resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and proliferation of HeyA8 and SKOV3ip1 cells. Moreover, the ability of cells to migrate was significantly reduced by treatment of cells with Gal-1 siRNA but was increased by treatment of cells with recombinant Gal-1. When we evaluated the interaction between fibroblasts (T HESCs) and cancer cells (A2780-CP20), we found that MMP-2 expression in cancer cells was affected by Gal-1 secreted by fibroblast cells, which suggests that Gal-1 in human fibroblasts might affect the invasive abilities of tumour cells. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Gal-1 expression is a potential prognostic factor for PFS and that Gal-1 could be a novel treatment target in EOC patients.

Antioxidative effects of ethyl 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)ureido)acetate against amyloid β-induced oxidative cell death via NF-κB, GSK-3β and β-catenin signaling pathways in cultured cortical neurons

Kim, E.-A.,Cho, C. H.,Kim, D. W.,Choi, S. Y.,Huh, J.-W.,Cho, S.-W. Harwood Academic 2015 Free radical research Vol.49 No.4

<P>We have previously shown that 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)ureido)acetate (KHG21834) attenuates amyloid beta(Aβ)<SUB>25-35</SUB>-induced apoptotic death and shows anti-inflammatory activity against Aβ<SUB>25-35</SUB>-induced microglial activation. However, antioxidative effects of KHG21834 against Aβ-induced oxidative stress have not yet been reported. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative function of KHG21834 in primary cultured cortical neurons, to expand the potential therapeutic efficacy of KHG21834. Pretreatment with KHG21834 protected against Aβ-induced neuronal cell death and mitochondrial damage, and significantly restored GSH levels and the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, and also suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species and protein oxidation. These results imply that KHG21834 may play a role in cellular defense mechanisms against Aβ-induced oxidative stress in cultured cortical neurons. Furthermore, KHG21834 significantly attenuated the effects of Aβ treatment on levels of NF-κB, β-catenin, and GSK-3β proteins in cortical neurons. Taken together, our results suggest that the antioxidant effects of KHG21834 may result at least in part from its ability to regulate the NF-κB, β-catenin, and GSK-3β signaling pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that KHG21834 significantly attenuates Aβ<SUB>25-35</SUB>-induced oxidative stress in primary cortical neurons, and provides novel insights into KHG21834 as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of Aβ-mediated neurotoxicity involving oxidative stress.</P>