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Otero T.F.,Lopez-Cascales J.J.,Vazquez-Arenas G. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2005 KIEE International Transactions on Electrical Mach Vol.b5 No.2
Electro-chemo-mechanical devices or artificial muscles based on conducting polymers (CP) are presented as bilayers, CP/adhesive polymer, or as triple layers, CP/adhesive polymer/CP. Those soft and wet materials, working in aqueous solutions of a salt, mimic the composition of most organs from animals. Under electrochemical control, so working as new electrical machines, they produce continuous, reverse and elegant bending movements, mimicking those produce by animal muscles. By means of the current a perfect controls of the movement rate is attained giving soft and continuous movements. Muscles able to sense the chemical and mechanical conditions of work or muscle having tactile sense, as will be presented here, are being developed. All of them are founded on the non-stoichiometric nature of the soft and wet materials.
Clinical significance of PIVKA-II levels after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Felipe ALCONCHEL,Francisco VILLALBA,Luis SAENZ,Maria Isabel SANCHEZ,David FERRERAS,Pedro CASCALES,Ricardo ROBLES,Francisco SANCHEZ-BUENO,Pablo RAMIREZ 한국간담췌외과학회 2022 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.26 No.-
Barrera, Elixir William,Pujol, Marí,a Cinta,Dí,az, Francesc,Choi, Soo Bong,Rotermund, Fabian,Park, Kyung Ho,Jeong, Mun Seok,Cascales, Concepció,n IOP Pub 2011 Nanotechnology Vol.22 No.7
<P>Yb<SUP>3 + </SUP> and Ln<SUP>3 + </SUP> (Ln<SUP>3 + </SUP> = Er<SUP>3 + </SUP> or Tm<SUP>3 + </SUP>) codoped Lu<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanorods with cubic <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0957-4484/22/7/075205/nano368878ieqn1.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='Ia\bar 3 '/> symmetry have been prepared by low temperature hydrothermal procedures, and their luminescence properties and waveguide behavior analyzed by means of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). Room temperature upconversion (UC) under excitation at 980 nm and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra were studied as a function of the Yb<SUP> + </SUP> concentration in the prepared nanorods. UC spectra revealed the strong development of <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0957-4484/22/7/075205/nano368878ieqn2.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='\mathrm {Er}^{3+}\,^{4}\mathrm {F}_{9/2}\to {}^4\mathrm {I}_{15/2} '/> (red) and <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0957-4484/22/7/075205/nano368878ieqn3.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='\mathrm {Tm}^{3+}\,{}^{1}\mathrm {G}_{4} \to {}^{3}\mathrm {H}_{6} '/> (blue) bands, which became the pre-eminent and even unique emissions for corresponding nanorods with the higher Yb<SUP>3 + </SUP> concentration. Favored by the presence of large phonons in current nanorods, UC mechanisms that privilege the population of <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>9/2</SUB> and <SUP>1</SUP>G<SUB>4</SUB> emitting levels through phonon-assisted energy transfer and non-radiative relaxations account for these observed UC luminescence features. CL spectra show much more moderate development of the intensity ratio between the <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0957-4484/22/7/075205/nano368878ieqn2.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='\mathrm {Er}^{3+}\, {}^{4}\mathrm {F}_{9/2} \to {}^4\mathrm {I}_{15/2} '/> (red) and <SUP>2</SUP>H<SUB>11/2</SUB>, <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0957-4484/22/7/075205/nano368878ieqn4.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='^{4}\mathrm {S}_{3/2}\to {}^{4}\mathrm {I}_{15/2} '/> (green) emissions with the increase in the Yb<SUP>3 + </SUP> content, while for Yb<SUP>3 + </SUP>, Tm<SUP>3 + </SUP>-codoped Lu<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanorods the dominant CL emission is <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0957-4484/22/7/075205/nano368878ieqn5.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='\mathrm {Tm}^{3+}\,{}^{1}\mathrm {D}_{2}\to {}^{3}\mathrm {F}_{4} '/> (deep-blue). Uniform light emission along Yb<SUP>3 + </SUP>, Er<SUP>3 + </SUP>-codoped Lu<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> rods has been observed by using SNOM photoluminescence images; however, the rods seem to be too thin for propagation of light. </P>
Long-Term Stroke Recurrence after Transient Ischemic Attack: Implications of Etiology
Angel Ois Santiago,Elisa Cuadrado-Godia,Eva Giralt-Steinhauer,Jordi Jimenez-Conde,Carolina Soriano-Tarraga,Ana Rodríguez-Campello,Carla Avellaneda,Diego Cascales,Isabel Fernandez-Perez,Jaume Roquer Go 대한뇌졸중학회 2019 Journal of stroke Vol.21 No.2
Background and Purpose To analyze long-term stroke recurrence (SR) characteristics after transient ischemic attack (TIA) according to initial etiological classification. Methods A prospective cohort of 706 TIA patients was followed up in a single tertiary stroke center. Endpoint was SR. Etiologic subgroup was determined according to the evidence-based causative classification system. Location of TIA and SR was recorded as right, left, or posterior territory. Disability stroke recurrence (DSR) was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score >1 or a onepoint increase in those with previous mRS >1 at 3-month follow-up. Results During a follow-up of 3,493 patient-years (mean follow-up of 58.9±35.9 months), total SR was 125 (17.7%), corresponding to 3.6 recurrences per 100 patient-years. The etiology subgroups with a higher risk of SR were the unclassified (more than one cause) and large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) categories. Of the SR cases, 88 (70.4%) had the same etiology as the index TIA; again, LAA etiology was the most frequent (83.9%). Notably, cardioaortic embolism was the most frequent cause (62.5%) of SR in the subgroup of 24 patients with undetermined TIA. Overall, SR occurred in the same territory in 74 of 125 patients (59.2%), with significant differences between etiological TIA subgroups (P=0.015). Eighty-two of 125 (65.6%) with SR had DSR, without differences between etiologies (P=0.453). Conclusions SR occurred mainly with the same etiology and location as initial TIA, although undetermined TIA was associated with a high proportion of cardioaortic embolism SR. More than half of the recurrences caused some disability, regardless of etiology.