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Regionalism and Rice Trade in Southeast and Northeast Asia: Making Liberalization Work
Jaechun Kim,Pablo Andres Ramirez 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2014 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.21 No.2
In Southeast and Northeast Asia rice is not just a staple food but a fundamental part of livelihood and also a matter of national security. As such opening the rice market has been a continuously thorny issue for trade negotiations in this region. Although the region has trended toward free trade agreements and economic integration in recent decades, the analysis illustrates that most countries have established a set of robust institutions to safeguard their rice markets. Given the apparent benefits that the rice liberalization could bring to the region, countries should exert concerted efforts to break impasse in rice trade negotiations. This research suggests that efforts to build regional community and rice trade liberalization move in tandem. In order to materialize the benefits of an integrated and liberalized rice market, a regional governance framework that would instill confidence in region’s rice market needs to be established.
Clinical significance of PIVKA-II levels after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Felipe ALCONCHEL,Francisco VILLALBA,Luis SAENZ,Maria Isabel SANCHEZ,David FERRERAS,Pedro CASCALES,Ricardo ROBLES,Francisco SANCHEZ-BUENO,Pablo RAMIREZ 한국간담췌외과학회 2022 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.26 No.-
Perez, Moises Roberto Vallejo,Contreras, Hugo Ricardo Navarro,Herrera, Jesus A. Sosa,Avila, Jose Pablo Lara,Tobias, Hugo Magdaleno Ramirez,Martinez, Fernando Diaz-Barriga,Ramirez, Rogelio Flores,Vazqu The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.5
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganesis (Cmm) is a quarantine-worthy pest in $M{\acute{e}}xico$. The implementation and validation of new technologies is necessary to reduce the time for bacterial detection in laboratory conditions and Raman spectroscopy is an ambitious technology that has all of the features needed to characterize and identify bacteria. Under controlled conditions a contagion process was induced with Cmm, the disease epidemiology was monitored. Micro-Raman spectroscopy ($532nm\;{\lambda}$ laser) technique was evaluated its performance at assisting on Cmm detection through its characteristic Raman spectrum fingerprint. Our experiment was conducted with tomato plants in a completely randomized block experimental design (13 plants ${\times}$ 4 rows). The Cmm infection was confirmed by 16S rDNA and plants showed symptoms from 48 to 72 h after inoculation, the evolution of the incidence and severity on plant population varied over time and it kept an aggregated spatial pattern. The contagion process reached 79% just 24 days after the epidemic was induced. Micro-Raman spectroscopy proved its speed, efficiency and usefulness as a non-destructive method for the preliminary detection of Cmm. Carotenoid specific bands with wavelengths at 1146 and $1510cm^{-1}$ were the distinguishable markers. Chemometric analyses showed the best performance by the implementation of PCA-LDA supervised classification algorithms applied over Raman spectrum data with 100% of performance in metrics of classifiers (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative and positive predictive value) that allowed us to differentiate Cmm from other endophytic bacteria (Bacillus and Pantoea). The unsupervised KMeans algorithm showed good performance (100, 96, 98, 91 y 100%, respectively).