Dihydrotestosterone-Inducible IL-6 Inhibits Elongation of Human Hair Shafts by Suppressing Matrix Cell Proliferation and Promotes Regression of Hair Follicles in Mice

Kwack, Mi Hee,Ahn, Ji Sup,Kim, Moon Kyu,Kim, Jung Chul,Sung, Young Kwan The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc 2012 The Journal of investigative dermatology Vol.132 No.1

Autocrine and paracrine factors are produced by balding dermal papilla (DP) cells following dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-driven alterations and are believed to be key factors involved in male pattern baldness. Herein we report that the IL-6 is upregulated in balding DP cells compared with non-balding DP cells. IL-6 was upregulated 3 hours after 10–100 nM DHT treatment, and ELISA showed that IL-6 was secreted from balding DP cells in response to DHT. IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and glycoprotein 130 (gp130) were expressed in follicular keratinocytes, including matrix cells. Recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6) inhibited hair shaft elongation and suppressed proliferation of matrix cells in cultured human hair follicles. Moreover, rhIL-6 injection into the hypodermis of mice during anagen caused premature onset of catagen. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that DHT-inducible IL-6 inhibits hair growth as a paracrine mediator from the DP.

Autoradiographic Studies of Methionine Incorporation into and Exclusion of Pectin from pollen Tubes of Various Ornamental Plant Species

Kwack Beyoung Hwa(郭炳華) 한국원예학회 1976 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.2

Comparison of the Short Term Toxicity of Phthalate Diesters and Monoesters in Sprague-Dawley Male Rats

Kwack, Seung-Jun,Han, Eun-Young,Park, Jae-Seok,Bae, Jung-Yun,Ahn, Il-Young,Lim, Seong-Kwang,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Jang, Dong-Eun,Choi, Lan,Lim, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Patra, Nabanita,Park, Kui-Lea,Kim, Hyu Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2010 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the short term toxicity of nine phthalate diesters including di-2(ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diundecyl phthalate (DUP), and di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) and five phthalate monoesters including mono- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), monobutyl phthalate (MBuP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBeP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monomethyl phthalate (MMP) and phthalic acid (PA) in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Animals were administered 250 mg/kg/day (monoesters and PA) or 500 mg/kg/day (diesters) of phthalate for two weeks. All animals were examined for body and organ weights, blood hematology, serum biochemistry, and urine analysis. The body weight gain was significantly lower in rats treated with BBP, DBP, DINP, MEHP, MBuP, and PA than that of control. Liver weights were significantly increased in the DEHP, DBP, DnOP, DIDP, and MEHP groups as compared to the control group. Testes weights were significantly decreased only in the DEHP-, DnOP-, and DIDP-treated groups as compared to the control. Significant differences in hematological changes were not observed in any treatment groups. Significant increases in blood glucose levels were observed in the DEHP, MEHP, and MBeP groups. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly increased in the DBP, DUP, DINP, MBuP, and MBeP groups, whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly increased only in the DEHP and MEHP groups. Serum ALP levels were significantly higher in phthalate diester (500 mg/kg/day)-treated rats as compared to control. However, the total cholesterol level was significantly reduced in the DEHP- and DIDP-treated groups, whereas serum triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in the DINP-, MEHP-, and MBuP-treated groups. These results suggest that short term toxicity of phthalate monoesters produces adverse effects as similar to phthalate diesters in Sprague-Dawley rats.

도시방재력 강화를 위한 재해 리스크 커뮤니케이션에 관한 연구 -리스크 커뮤니케이션의 도구로서 해저드 맵의 활용을 중심으로-

Kwack, Dongwha 한국재난정보학회 2017 한국재난정보학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 한국 도시의 방재력 강화를 위하여 리스크 커뮤니케이션의 중요성과 방법을 고찰하고 리스크 커뮤니케이션의 도구로서 해저드 맵의 활용 및 개선의 방법을 제안하는 것이다. 한국과 일본의 해저드 맵을 비교 평가하고, 최근 일본에서 활발하게 실천되고 있는 방재 맵 만들기 사례를 분석하였다. 연구의 결과, 한국에서 작성되고 있는 해저드 맵의 활용 및 개선을 위한 5가지 안이 도출되었고, 리스크 개념의 사회적 확산이 도시 방재력 강화에 커다란 도움이 될 수 있다는 것이 파악되었다. The purpose of this study is to propose the methods for utilization and improvement of hazard map as a tool of risk communication, through the studying the importance and method of risk communication for the improvement of urban resilience. The comparative evaluation between hazard maps of Korea and Japan is done, and the cases of hazard map making is analyzed. 5 proposals are summarized for hazard map utilization.

Culture and Short-Term Strage of Rabbit Embryos in Vitro

KWACK, Dae-Oh 韓國自然史博物學會 1985 生物과 自然 Vol.15 No.2

토끼 胚의 적절한 體外 培養法과 短期 保存法을 개발하고 estradiol-17β가 초기 토끼 胚의 體外 培養에 미치는 영향을 究明하고자 본 실험을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. microtube 培養法은 watch glass 培養法에 비해 有意的(P<0.01)으로 초기 토끼 胚의 발달을 증진시켰다. 培養液에 대한 0.1ng/ml 농도 수준의 estradiol-17β 첨가는 초기 토끼 胚의 발달을 有意的(P<0.05)으로 억제시켰다. 4℃에서 2일간 保存한 상실배의 생존율이 4일과 6일간 保存한 것에 비해 有意的(P<0.05)으로 높았다. This experiment was conducted to develop the optimal culture and storage in vitro method of rabbit embryos, and to determine the effect of estradiol-17β on the development of early embryos. Microtube culture metod enhanced significantly(P<0.01) the development of early embryos to blastocysts compared to watch glass method. The addition of estradiol-17β at concentration of 0.1ng/ml to culture medium inhibited significantly(P<0.05) the development of early embryos to blastocysts. The viability of the morulae stored for 2 days at 4℃ was significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of the morulae stored for 4 to 6 days.

A Narrative Study on the Preparation Period for the Performance Improvement of the Winner of TAEKWONDO Demonstration Competitions

Kwack Hyun-tae,Shin Ho-chul J-INSTITUTE 2020 Kinesiology Vol.5 No.1

This study examines the empirical meaning of the winners of the breaking events at taekwondo demonstration competitions through these narratives, identifies the psychological characteristics of the winners through the psychological technology model of Vealey(1988), and captures the stories in the winning experiences. The pur-pose is to share ways to improve the performance and to provide the necessary information for the psychological training of the field leaders and athletes through the psychological characteristics of the elite athletes of the taekwondo demonstration competitions. Participants for the narrative research were selected through the purposed sampling, and four athletes who had won the championship in the last three years were selected and interviewed from the Taekwondo Hanmadang competition and university president s flag competitions organized by the Korea National Sport Uni-versity and Yongin University. First, in the preparation for the competition, the basic techniques were repeated practice, strategic composi-tion, basic physical strength, diet control, and protective mats. Basic techniques included self-efficacy, and psy-chological techniques included stress management, image training through relaxation, motor-sensory image training, inner mental training, and leadership, encouragement, conditioning, and communication. Second, in the stories of the competition venue, repeated practice appeared as a basic technique among psy-chological techniques. Self-efficacy and sports confidence were shown as basic skills, and during the practice process, mental image training, subjective goals, cognitive strategies, internal mental training, self-talk, and ob-jective goals were shown as psychological techniques. Interpersonal orientation was a facilitation technique, and performance technique included adaptation to the environmental factors, strategic analysis, and focus.

Phonological rules in the lexicon

Kwack, Dong-gee 新羅大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

어휘음운론에서는 어휘부를 단어형성과정에 따라 몇 개의 층위(層位)로 나누고, 각 층위에 형태론적 규칙과 음운규칙을 적용시킨다. 형태론적 규칙이 적용된 출력부에 음운규칙이 적용되고, 이는 바로 다음 형태론적규칙의 입력부가 된다. 다시말하면 형태론적 규칙과 음운규칙은 순환적으로 적용된다. 음운규칙이 직접 어휘부에 적용됨에 따라 형태론적 정보를 음운규칙속에 반영키 위해 종래의 이론에서 사용되던 경계표시나 문법범주가 어휘음운론의 규칙기술에는 필요가 없게 된다. 각 언어에는 어휘부에 파생, 복합, 굴절이라는 공통적인 층위가 있고, 이러한 층위는 형태론적 규칙과 음운규칙이 적용될 자리를 마련해 준다. 따라서 이미 순서가 주어져 있는 층위에 규칙들이 적용되기에 규칙순을 따로 설정할 필요가 없다. 단지 같은 층위에서 적용되는 규칙간에만 명시적인 규칙순을 정하면 된다. 형태소구조규칙이 음운규칙보다 먼저 적용되는 것이 통례지만, 자연언어에서는 그러지 못한 예가 있어 형태소구조규칙의 이중적용에 대한 문제가 생긴다. 그러나 어휘음운론에서는 이 두 규칙들이 모두 어휘규칙으로 간주됨으로써 그런 어려움이 뒤따르지 않는다. 단지 이 두 어휘규칙간의 적용순서만 인정될 뿐이다. 더 나아가서 유형학상의 문제-형태론적 규칙, 음운규칙, 음운규칙간의 위계-에 대해서도 어휘음운론은 좋은 해결책을 갖고 있다. 일반적으로 음운규칙보다는 형태론적 규칙이, 음성규칙보다는 음운규칙이 먼저 적용되나 이런 순서가 뒤바뀌는 예가 자연언어에서 발견된다. 이 현상을 설명키 위해 투명도나 출혈관계와 같은 두 개의 개념을 도입할 수 있겠지만 어휘음운론의 자연적인 규칙순만 인정하면 그런 문제는 생기지 않는다. 즉 층위상에 순서가 주어져 있는 어휘규칙과 말(末)어휘규칙간에는 자연적으로 규칙순이 설정되어 있기 때문이다. 그러나 한국어의 자음군단순화현상에 대해서는 어휘이론이 어느정도 설명력을 갖고 있으나 어떤 자음이 탈락하는지에 대해서는 층위나 규칙의 괄호표기를 어떤 식으로 만들어도 설명을 할 수 없게 된다. 다음으로 Mohanan의 어휘이론 모델에서 보여주는 어휘구조는 그 나름대로의 충분한 증거나 있을 지 모르나 발화실수를 통해서 그 증거를 찾는다는 것은 무리인 것 같다. 발화실수는 기저형에서부터 표면형에 이르기까지 어떤 단계에서도 일어날 수 있기 때문이다. 이상에서 보는 바와 같이 어휘음운론은 어휘부를 확장시킴으로써 많은 것을 설명해 주지만, 언어의 복잡성 때문에 계속 해결해야 할 문제를 남겨놓고 있는 것이다.

Numerical analysis for supercavitating flows around axisymmetric cavitators

Kwack, Young Kyun,Ko, Sung Ho The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2013 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.5 No.3

Diffuse interface model for numerical analysis was used to compute supercavitating flows around various cavitators. The ambient pressures of 2 atm permitted cavitation studies in a range of cavitation number, ${\sigma}=0.1$ to 1.0 on selected conical and disk-headed cavitors. The computed results were compared with relation by Reichardt. Drag coefficient obtained from pressure forces acting on the cavitator also compared well with those obtained from analytical relations.

An Effects on Teratogenicity by Exposure with Cyclophosphamide during Early Organogenic Period

Kwack Seung-Jun,Rhee Gyu-Seek,Kim Soon-Sun,Sohn Kyung-Hee,Chae Soo-Young,Park Chul-Hoon,Park Yo-Woo,Park Kui-Lea 한국발생생물학회 2002 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.14 No.-

EXCHANGE RATE EFFECTS ON KOREA'S ECONOMY

KWACK, SUNG Y. 한국국제경제학회 1988 International Economic Journal Vol.2 No.2

Korea has been under growing pressure to appreciate its exchange rate to reduce the trade surplus, particularly with the United States. A change in the external currency value of a country has direct effects on the trade via changes in relative prices and indirect effects via induced changes in income and monetary conditions. This notes presents some estimates of these effects, using the available price elasticity etimates and a macroeconomic model of Korea. Even though the estimates presented are not very precise, an exchange rate appreciation is shown to lower the trade balance, price levels, and overall economic growth of Korea. Then, this note suggests the policy course Korea should take to meet Korea's desire to reduce its external debt and to avoid the global consequences of the large continuing U.S. deficits