Impact of Position of Electron Withadrawing Cyano(CN)Groups on Photophysical Properties in Substituted Phenylenevinylenes

김란희,이광섭,박진순,Karin Schmidt,Jean Luc Bredas 한국고분자학회 2007 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2007 No.10

Near-Infrared Electroluminescence and Low Threshold Amplified Spontaneous Emission above 800 nm from a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitter

Ye, Hao,Kim, Dae Hyeon,Chen, Xiankai,Sandanayaka, Atula S. D.,Kim, Jong Uk,Zaborova, Elena,Canard, Gabriel,Tsuchiya, Youichi,Choi, Eun Young,Wu, Jeong Weon,Fages, Fré,dé,ric,Bredas, Jean-L American Chemical Society 2018 Chemistry of materials Vol.30 No.19

<P>Near-infrared (NIR) organic light-emitting devices have aroused increasing interest because of their potential applications such as information-secured displays, photodynamic therapy, and optical telecommunication. While thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters have been used in a variety of high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) emitting in the visible spectral range, efficient NIR TADF materials have been rarely reported. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel solution-processable NIR TADF dimeric borondifluoride curcuminoid derivative with remarkable photophysical, electroluminescence and amplified spontaneous emission properties. This dye was specifically developed to shift the emission of borondifluoride curcuminoid moiety toward longer wavelengths in the NIR region while keeping a high photoluminescence quantum yield. The most efficient OLED fabricated in this study exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency of 5.1% for a maximum emission wavelength of 758 nm, which ranks among the highest performance for NIR electroluminescence. In addition, this NIR TADF emitter in doped thin films displays amplified spontaneous emission above 800 nm with a threshold as low as 7.5 μJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, providing evidence that this material is suitable for the realization of high-performance NIR organic semiconductor lasers.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

A theory of restricted regularity of hypermaps

Antonio Breda D'Azevedo 대한수학회 2006 대한수학회지 Vol.43 No.5

and are a generalisation of maps, that is, 2-cellulardecompositions of closed surfaces. There is a well knowncorrespondence between hypermaps and co-compact subgroups of thefree product Delta=C_2*C_2*C_2. In this correspondence,hypermaps correspond to conjugacy classes of subgroups ofDelta, and hypermap coverings to subgroup inclusions. Towardsthe end of cite{BNjih} the authors studied regular hypermaps withextra symmetries, namely, G-symmetric regular hypermaps for anysubgroup G of the outer automorphism mbox{Out}(Delta) of thetriangle group Delta. This can be viewed as an extension of thetheory of regularity. In this paper we move in the oppositedirection and restrict regularity to normal subgroups Theta ofDelta of finite index. This generalises the notion ofregularity to some non-regular objects.

Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests to rule out elbow fracture: a systematic review

Giorgio Breda,Gianluca De Marco,Pierfranco Cesaraccio,Paolo Pillastrini 대한견주관절의학회 2023 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Elbow traumas represent a relatively common condition in clinical practice. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the most accurate tests for screening these potentially serious conditions and excluding elbow fractures. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the literature concerning the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the detection or exclusion of suspected elbow fractures. A systematic review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA) guidelines. Literature databases including PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Diagnostic Test Accuracy, Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched for diagnostic accuracy studies of subjects with suspected traumatic elbow fracture investigating clinical tests compared to imaging reference tests. The risk of bias in each study was assessed independently by two reviewers using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 checklist. Twelve studies (4,485 patients) were included. Three different types of index tests were extracted. In adults, these tests were very sensitive, with values up to 98.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.0%–99.8%). The specificity was very variable, ranging from 24.0% (95% CI, 19.0%–30.0%) to 69.4% (95% CI, 57.3%–79.5%). The applicability of these tests was very high, while overall studies showed a medium risk of bias. Elbow full range of motion test, elbow extension test, and elbow extension and point tenderness test appear to be useful in the presence of a negative test to exclude fracture in a majority of cases. The specificity of all tests, however, does not allow us to draw useful conclusions because there was a great variability of results obtained.

A THEORY OF RESTRICTED REGULARITY OF HYPERMAPS

Dazevedo Antonio Breda Korean Mathematical Society 2006 대한수학회지 Vol.43 No.5

Hypermaps are cellular embeddings of hypergraphs in compact and connected surfaces, and are a generalisation of maps, that is, 2-cellular decompositions of closed surfaces. There is a well known correspondence between hypermaps and co-compact subgroups of the free product $\Delta=C_2*C_2*C_2$. In this correspondence, hypermaps correspond to conjugacy classes of subgroups of $\Delta$, and hypermap coverings to subgroup inclusions. Towards the end of [9] the authors studied regular hypermaps with extra symmetries, namely, G-symmetric regular hypermaps for any subgroup G of the outer automorphism Out$(\Delta)$ of the triangle group $\Delta$. This can be viewed as an extension of the theory of regularity. In this paper we move in the opposite direction and restrict regularity to normal subgroups $\Theta$ of $\Delta$ of finite index. This generalises the notion of regularity to some non-regular objects.

Processing and Characterization of Chitosan Films with Incorporation of Ethanolic Extract from “Pequi” Peels

Caroline Alves Breda,Daniella Lury Morgado,Odílio Benedito Garrido Assis,Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte 한국고분자학회 2017 Macromolecular Research Vol.25 No.11

Chitosan is a polysaccharide with excellent film forming ability widely evaluated as active packaging and edible coatings. Chitosan has good antimicrobial activity in gel form; however, in a solid state (film format), a reduction in this activity can occur due to spatial arrangement of the chains in the polymer matrix. Small amounts of natural compounds could then be added to the film formulations to improve both antifungal and antibacterial properties. One possible additive is the “pequi” (Caryocar brasiliense Comb.) peel ethanolic extract (PPE), which forms homogenous blend with chitosan and has proved antimicrobial activity. In this study the preparation of chitosan-PPE was evaluated concerning the effect promoted in the film structure due PPE incorporation. Films processed by casting were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microscopy, X-ray diffraction, mechanical and thermal properties, water vapor permeability (WVP) and surface wettability. FTIR analysis indicates interactions between the phenolic compounds in the extract and the hydroxyl and amine groups present in the chitosan structure, by establishing a possible ester bonding between constituents. The presence of PPE resulted in a decrease of WVP and an increasing in hydrophobicity. The extract addition also reduced the film’s crystallinity along with a slight decrease of plasticity and lowering of the initial polymeric degradation temperature. However, the blend was characterized by a homogeneous matrix with smooth topography. The results suggest that PPE has good compatibility with chitosan, introducing small changes that do not alter the potential for medical or foodstuff applications.

훗설 遺稿의 救出과 훗설文庫의 創立過程

H. L. Van Breda,元承龍(번역자) 한국현상학회 1986 철학과 현상학 연구 Vol.2 No.-

Cyanidin 3-O-β-D-Glucoside Improves Bone Indices

Lydia Kaume,William Gilbert,Breda J. Smith,Latha Devareddy 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.6

Oxidative stress (OS) promotes bone loss after menopause, and there is evidence that dietary antioxidants may reduce the level of OS in vivo. This study examined dose-dependent effects of blackberries (BBs) containing mainly cyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside (C3G) in preventing bone loss in an ovariectomized (Ovx) rat model. Nine-month-old female (N = 38) Sprague-Dawley rats were scanned using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for baseline whole body, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD). One group was sham operated (Sham) and three groups were ovariectomized (Ovx). The groups and corresponding diets were Sham + control diet (n = 12), Ovx + control diet (n = 12), Ovx + 5% BB (n = 7), and Ovx + 10% BB (n = 7). Control diet was AIN-93M rodent diet, and the Ovx +5% BB and Ovx + 10% BB were a diet modified to contain powdered, freeze-dried BB at levels of 5% and 10% (w/w). Following 100 days of treatment, whole body BMC and BMD were reassessed and bone specimens, blood, and 24-h urine samples were collected for analyses. Findings indicate that ovariectomy (Ovx) compromised whole body BMC and trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and fourth lumbar vertebra. C3G-rich BB at the level of 5% modestly protected BMDs, loss of the tibia, lumbar vertebra, and femur by 2.4%, 2.7%, and 4.3% (P < .0013; .0437; .0004), respectively. BB 5% treatment significantly prevented loss of tibial trabecular bone volume and trabecular number by 37% and 21%, respectively (P < .05), and also significantly prevented tibial trabecular separation by 22%. We conclude that C3G-rich BB treatment at the level of 5% (w/w) but not at 10% (w/w) may modestly reduce Ovx-induced bone loss evident by improved tibial, vertebral, and femoral BMD values, and tibial bone microstructural parameters. Bone protective effects may be as a result of the synergistic effects of phenolic compounds; however, further work is required to determine BBs’ specific mechanisms of action.

The Refugee Act of Korea

Changrok Soh(서창록),Breda Lund 한국정치학회 2014 한국정치학회보 Vol.48 No.3

본 논문은 2012년 입법된 한국의 난민법에 대한 깊이 있는 분석을 제공한다. 2013년 7월에 시행된 난민법은 동아시아 최초의 독립적 난민법으로, 본 논문은 새로운 법안을 만드는 과정에서 한국 시민사회가 수행한 역할을 평가한다. 사례 연구 결과 시민사회가 난민법의 입안에는 상당한 역할을 했으나, 실제 내용에는 상대적으로 적은 영향력을 행사했음이 밝혀졌다. 시민사회 단체들은 분리된 규정에 의해 난민을 보호할 필요성을 최초로 알렸고, 법률의 초안을 작성하기 위해 서로 연합하였다. 그러나 2011년 통과된 실제 법은 초안과 상당한 차이가 있었다. 법무부의 이익을 위해 수정되어 난민 운동가들의 실망과 답답함을 야기한 것이다. 요컨대, 시민사회 단체들은 촉매제 이외의 역할을 수행하지는 못했으며, 최종적으로 입법된 난민법의 내용에는 사실상 제한된 영향력만을 행사했다. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the Refugee Act of Korea, enacted in 2012. The act, which went into effect in July 2013, is the first standalone refugee law in East Asia. This paper assesses the role of Korean civil society in creating the new law. According to the findings of this case study, civil activists played a major part in the creation of Refugee Act, but had less influence on its actual contents. Civil society groups first brought attention to the need for increased refugee protections through separate regulations, and then formed a coalition of groups to write a draft bill. However, the law that passed in 2011 is significantly different from that draft bill. Much to the disappointment and frustration of refugee activists, it was altered to suit Ministry of Justice interests. Overall, civil society groups served as little more than catalysts, and their influence on the final, legislated version of the Refugee Act was limited.

Single Cupping Thearpy Session Improves Pain, Sleep, and Disability in Patients with Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain

Maria P. Volpato,Izabela C.A. Breda,Ravena C. de Carvalho,Caroline de Castro Moura,Laís L. Ferreira,Marcelo L. Silva,Josie R.T. Silva 사단법인약침학회 2020 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.13 No.2

The objective of this study was to evaluate if a single session of real or placebo cupping therapy in patients with chronic low back pain would be enough to temporarily reduce pain intensity and functional disability, enhancing their mechanical threshold and reducing local skin temperature. The outcome measures were Brief Pain Inventory, pressure pain threshold, RolandeMorris disability questionnaire and low back skin temperature. This is an experimental clinical trial; after examination (AV0), patients were submitted to real or placebo cupping therapy (15 minutes, bilaterally at the points BL23 (Shenshu), BL24 (Qihaishu) and BL25 (Dachangshu) and were revaluated immediately after the session (AV1) and after one week (AV2). The patients showeda significant improvement in all pain severity items and sleep in the Brief Pain Inventory (p < 0.05) and a decrease in disability in RolandeMorris disability questionnaire (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in pressure pain threshold or skin temperature. No significant differences were found in any outcome of the placebo cupping therapy group. Thus, thecupping therapy is effective in reducing low back pain and decreasing disability after one single session but not in changing skin mechanical threshold or temperature.