Transparent and Conducting Oxide Films: SiO₂-Doped ZnO

Kim, Hwa-Min,Lee, Chang-Hyun,Kim, Bonghwan American Scientific Publishers 2019 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.19 No.3

Rf-Sputtered TiO₂-Doped ZnO Films onto Polyethylene Naphthalate Substrates

Kim, Hwa-Min,Lee, Chang-Hyun,Kim, Bonghwan American Scientific Publishers 2017 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.17 No.11

<P>TiO2 (2wt.-%)-doped ZnO (TZO) films were sputtered onto polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates at different Rf-powers, affecting the crystallinity and density and thereby the electrical and optical properties of the films. Vaporisation from plastic substrates of water and other adsorbed particles (such as organic solvents) deteriorates the adhesion of TCO films thereon. The premise of this study was therefore that the vapour mixture during sputtering should also affect the properties of the deposited TZO films. Indeed, adding a SiOxNy barrier layer to the PEN substrates substantially reduces the resistivity of the TZO films, from 1.2 x 10(-3) Omega.cm down to 8.3x10(-4) Omega.cm, a value almost as low as that obtained with a glass substrate (7.5x10(-4) Omega.cm).</P>

Neutron Spectral Measurement at the Proton Therapy Room of the National Cancer Center of Korea

Kim, Bonghwan,Han, Sangeun,Kwon, Jeongwan,Jun, Sunmi,Kim, Jongsu,Lee, Sebyeong,Shin, Dongho Informa UK (Taylor Francis) 2008 Journal of nuclear science and technology Vol.45 No.suppl5

노후소득보장을 위한 퇴직 연금 확대 정책에 관한 연구

김봉환 ( BongHwan Kim ),이제복 ( JaeBok Lee ),박상인 ( Sangin Park ),신가영 ( GaYoung Shin ) 한국정책학회 2015 韓國政策學會報 Vol.24 No.2

한국의 공ㆍ사연금체계가 안정적인 노후보장에 미흡한 상황에서, 본 연구는 국내 연금정책의 배경을 살피고 노후소득 현황 및 변화를 분석하여 퇴직 연금 확대 정책의 필요성을 도출하고, 도입 효과를 시뮬레이션하여 현실적 대안인지에 대한 검토를 하고 있다. 이를 위해 국민노후보장패널 3차 자료를 이용하여 국민의 공적 연금 가입유형 별 노후소득변화를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 50-65세 소득에 대한 65세 이후 연금소득의 실제 대체율 수준은 특수직역연금가입자의 경우 38.4%이지만, 국민연금 가입자의 경우는 9.9%이며,퇴직 연금 적용대상자의 경우는 14% 수준이며, 공적연금 비가입자의 경우 0.3%로 나타나 상당히 취약한 상황임을 확인하였다. 그리고 이 중에서 퇴직 연금 정책대상자에 한정하여 소득대체율 높이기 위해 필요한 연금증가액, 불입액과 은퇴 후 소득을 시뮬레이션한 결과, 이들의의 연금소득대체율을 10%p으로 상승시키기 위해서는 1인당 연간 2,019천원의 연금증가액(연간불입액 489천원)이 필요하고, 65%수준까지 상승시키려면 1인당연간 10,273천원의 연금증가액(연간불입액 2,490천원)이 필요한 것으로 도출되었고, 이에 따라 총소득대체율은 65%∼79%까지 달성될 수 있는 것으로 추정된다. 본 연구는 기존 연구와 달리, 추정이 아닌 실제수치를 이용한 소득대체율을 도출하고, 퇴직 연금확대정책 도입 시 노후소득보장효과를 제시하여 정책적 근거를 구체적으로 제시한다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 연구 결과는 퇴직 연금 확대 정책의 합의를 위한 논의의 밑거름이 되고,나아가 정부와 시장의 역할을 아우르는 연금 정책의 토대를 마련하는데 있어 의미 있는 참고가 될 수 있을 것이다. This purpose of this study to suggest a solution for the insecure security of Korean pension system by analyzing the current income replacement rate of the elderly and stimulating the effect of the expanding private pension on retirement income. Using the 2009 data of Korean Retirement and Income Study(KReIS), this paper analyzes the income changes of the elderly categorized according to public pension membership status, The results show that the pension income replacement rate of the elderly with public official pension is currently 38.4%, while one of the elderly with national public pension is 9.9% and one of the elderly with no public pension is 0.3% respectively. It indicates that retirement income security for the last two groups is in vulnerable situations. To simulate the effect of expanding private pension, we select the elderly who are eligible for private pension. The results show their pension income replacement rate is 14% and to raise it by 10%p, additional annual annuity is estimated to 2,019,000won (expected annual payment is 498,000won) and to raise it up to 65%, additional annual annuity is estimated to 10,273,000won (expected annul payment is 2,490,000won) and the estimated total income replacement rate would reach between 65% and 79% under the assumptions. Unlike previous studies, this analysis is based on actual figures, not estimated figures. Therefore, this new approach can be one reference to reform Korean public-private pension system to strengthen the elderly income security.

조직공정성 인식이 조직시민행동과 경영혁신 수용에 미치는 영향

김봉환(Kim Bonghwan),조남신(Cho Namshin) 한국인사관리학회 2015 조직과 인사관리연구 Vol.39 No.2

신뢰는 조직공정성 인식과 깊은 관련이 있으며 개인의 태도, 행동, 그리고 성과를 결정하는 중요한 요소로 국내외의 많은 연구자들에 의해 논의가 이루어져왔다. 이들 중 다수의 연구들은 사회적 교환관계를 통해 조직 내 개인의 인식과 바람직한 태도, 행동 그리고 조직성과의 관계를 설명하고 있다. 하지만 조직공정성과 조직시민행동의 관계 그리고 기업경영의 중요한 이슈가 되고 있는 경영혁신 수용의 관계를 종합적으로 확인하고 그 관계 속에서 경영자 신뢰의 역할을 규명한 연구는 부족하며 각 변수들 간의 관계를 검증한 연구들은 그 결과에 차이를 보이고 있다. 본 연구는 경영혁신이 진행 중인 세 조직의 소속 직원을 대상으로, 구성원의 조직공정성 인식이 조직에게 직접 도움이 되는 조직차원의 조직시민행동(organization citizenship behavior - organization: OCB-O)에 미치는 영향과 경영혁신 수용에 미치는 영향을 각각 확인하고 경영자 신뢰의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 경영혁신을 실행하고 있는 기관의 소속 직원으로부터 수집된 158부의 설문 데이터로 SPSS 18.0과 AMOS 21을 이용하여 통계분석을 진행한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻게 되었다. 첫째 분배공정성과 절차공정성 중 절차공정성만이 경영자 신뢰에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째 분배공정성과 절차공정성은 OCB-O에 직접 영향을 미치지 않으며 절차공정성만이 경영자 신뢰를 매개로 OCB-O에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 분배공정성과 절차공정성은 경영혁신 수용에 직접 영향을 미치지 않으며 절차공정성만이 경영자 신뢰를 매개로 경영혁신 수용에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 경영자 신뢰는 절차공정성과 OCB-O 그리고 경영혁신 수용 간의 관계에 완전매개변수라는 것이 검증되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 시사점, 향후연구 과제 그리고 한계점에 관하여 논의하였다. Employees’ perceived organizational justice has been a research agenda(topic) or subject as a determinant of the intended behaviors, attitudes, and values. Previous studies have shown that perceived organizational justice is related with organizational citizenship behavior. Other researchers have studied the relationship between the positive attitude of employees and the adoption of organizational innovation which is an important organizational outcome. Particularly, employees’ trust in managers has been known to have influence on emplyees’ behavior and performance. However, those two groups of studies have been undertaken separately, and therefore, there have been few studies illuminating the relationship between perceived organizational justice, the adoption of organizational innovation, and the employees’ trust in managers. This study examined the impact of the employees’ perceived organizational justice on their organizational citizenship behavior that benefits organizations(OCB-O) and the adoption of organizational innovation with the mediating effects of their trust in managers. Respondents were 158 employees from three organizations in Korea that had undergone organizational innovations. The results were as follows. First, employees’ perceived procedural organizational justice was positively related with their trust in their managers and their trust in their managers was positively related with OCB-O. Their trust in their managers perfectly mediated the relationship between the perceived organizational justice and OCB-O. Employees commit OCB-O when they find that their organizational procedures such as performance evaluations and organizational decisions are made clearly and fairly. This relationship becomes more effective when they have trust in managers. It is recommended, therefore, for managers to get trust from the employees so that procedural organizational justice actually effects employees’ OCB-O. Second, their trust in their managers was also positively related with their acceptance of organizational innovation. Their trust in their managers also strongly mediated the relationship between the perceived procedural organizational justice and the acceptance of organizational innovation. Employees accept organizational innovation when they become aware that their organizational procedures are clear and fair. They do so if they have trust in managers. Managers who build trust of the employees will be able to make procedural organizational justice result in the employees’ acceptance organizational innovation. These results imply that managers need to make efforts to build trust of the employees so that a fair human resource management system(procedural justice), facilitate the employees’ organizational citizenship behavior such as sportsmanship and their acceptance of organizational innovations.

MEMS 공정을 이용한 BGA IC 패키지용 테스트 소켓의 제작

김상원(Sangwon Kim),조찬섭(Chanseob Cho),남재우(Jaewoo Nam),김봉환(Bonghwan Kim),이종현(Jonghyun Lee) 大韓電子工學會 2010 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.47 No.11

본 논문에서는 외팔보 배열 구조를 가지는 MEMS 테스트 소켓을 SOI 웨이퍼를 이용하여 개발하였다. 외팔보는 연결부분의 기계적 취약점을 보완하기 위해 모서리가 둥근 형태를 가지고 있다. 측정에 사용 된 BGA IC 패키지는 볼 수 121개, 피치가 650 ㎛, 볼 직경 300 ㎛, 높이 200 ㎛ 을 가지고 있다. 제작된 외팔보는 길이 350 ㎛, 최대 폭 200 ㎛, 최소 폭 100 ㎛, 두께가 10 ㎛인 곡선 형태의 외팔보이다. MEMS 테스트 소켓은 lift-off 기술과 Deep RIE 기술 등의 미세전기기계시스템(MEMS) 기술로 제작되었다. MEMS 테스트 소켓은 간단한 구조와 낮은 제작비, 미세 피치, 높은 핀 수와 빠른 프로토타입을 제작할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. MEMS 테스트의 특성을 평가하기 위해 deflection에 따른 접촉힘과 금속과 팁 사이의 저항과 접촉저항을 측정하였다. 제작된 외팔보는 90 ㎛ deflection에 1.3 gf의 접촉힘을 나타내었다. 신호경로저항은 17 Ω 이하였고 접촉저항은 평균 0.73 Ω 정도였다. 제작된 테스트 소켓은 향 후 BGA IC 패키지 테스트에 적용 가능 할 것이다. We developed a novel micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) test socket using silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate with the cantilever array structure. We designed the round shaped cantilevers with the maximum length of 350 ㎛,the maximum width of 200 ㎛ and the thickness of 10 ㎛ for 650 ㎛ pitch for 8 ㎜ x 8 ㎜ area and 121 balls square ball grid array (BGA) packages. The MEMS test socket was fabricated by MEMS technology using metal lift off process and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) silicon etcher and so on. The MEMS test socket has a simple structure, low production cost, fine pitch, high pin count and rapid prototyping. We verified the performances of the MEMS test sockets such as deflection as a function of the applied force, path resistance between the cantilever and the metal pad and the contact resistance. Fabricated cantilever has 1.3 gf (gram force) at 90 μm deflection. Total path resistance was less than 17 Ω. The contact resistance was approximately from 0.7 to 0.75 Ω for all cantilevers. Therefore the test socket is suitable for BGA integrated circuit (IC) packages tests.

Integrated Transcriptomes throughout Swine Oestrous Cycle Reveal Dynamic Changes in Reproductive Tissues Interacting Networks

Jun-Mo Kim,Jong-Eun Park,Inkyu Yoo,Jisoo Han,Namshin Kim,Won-Jun Lim,Eun-Seok Cho,Bonghwan Choi,Sunho Choi,Tae-Hun Kim,Marinus F. W. te Pas,Hakhyun Ka,Kyung-Tai Lee 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2018 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.06

Female fertility is a highly regulated process involving the synchronized activities of multiple tissues. The underlying genomic regulation of the tissue synchronization is poorly understood. To understand this better we investigated the transcriptomes of the porcine ovary, endometrium, and oviduct at days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 of the oestrous cycle. We analysed the transcriptome profiles of the individual tissues and focus on the bridging genes shared by two or more tissues. The three tissue-networks were connected forming a triangular shape. We identified 65 bridging genes with a high level of connectivity to all other genes in the network. The expression levels showed negative correlations between the ovary and the other two tissues, and low correlations between endometrium and oviduct. The main functional annotations involved biosynthesis of steroid hormones, cell-to-cell adhesion, and cell apoptosis, suggesting that regulation of steroid hormone synthesis and tissue viability are major regulatory mechanisms.

토양 내 식물 성장 환경 제어를 위한 공기량 제어 연구

김도현(DoHyun Kim),김성민(Sungmin Kim),Md Jahirul Islam,이혜지(Hyeji Lee),이기학(Ki-Hak Lee),김봉환(Bonghwan Kim) 대한전자공학회 2023 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.6

Battery Discharging 특성 분석을 위한 방전 System

김동현(DongHyun Kim),권영건(YoungGun Kwon),MD Jahirul Islam,이혜지(Hyeji Lee),이기학(Ki-Hak Lee),김봉환(Bonghwan Kim) 대한전자공학회 2023 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.6

RIE 공정으로 제조된 블랙 실리콘(Black Silicon) 층을 사용한 표면 증강 라만 산란 기판 제작

김형주 ( Hyeong Ju Kim ),김봉환 ( Bonghwan Kim ),이동인 ( Dongin Lee ),이봉희 ( Bong-hee Lee ),조찬섭 ( Chanseob Cho ) 한국센서학회 2021 센서학회지 Vol.30 No.4

In this study, Ag was deposited to investigate its applicability as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate after forming a grasstype black silicon structure through maskless reactive ion etching. Grass-structured black silicon with heights of 2 - 7 μm was formed at radio-frequency (RF) power of 150 - 170W. The process pressure was 250mTorr, the O₂/SF₆ gas ratio was 15/37.5, and the processing time was 10 - 20 min. When the processing time was increased by more than 20 min, the self-masking of Si_xO_yF_z did not occur, and the black silicon structure was therefore not formed. Raman response characteristics were measured based on the Ag thickness deposited on a black silicon substrate. As the Ag thickness increased, the characteristic peak intensity increased. When the Ag thickness deposited on the black silicon substrate increased from 40 to 80 nm, the Raman response intensity at a Raman wavelength of 1507 / cm increased from 8.2 × 10³ to 25 × 10³ cps. When the Ag thickness was 150 nm, the increase declined to 30 × 10³ cps and showed a saturation tendency. When the RF power increased from 150 to 170 W, the response intensity at a 1507/cm Raman wavelength slightly increased from 30 × 10³ to 33 × 10³ cps. However, when the RF power was 200 W, the Raman response intensity decreased significantly to 6.2 × 10³ cps.