Restructuring Primary Health Care Network to Maximize Utilization and Reduce Patient Out-of-pocket Expenses

Bardhan, Amit Kumar,Kumar, Kaushal Asian Society for Innovation and Policy 2019 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.8 No.1

Providing free primary care to everyone is an important goal pursued by many countries under universal health care programs. Countries like India need to efficiently utilize their limited capacities towards this purpose. Unfortunately, due to a variety of reasons, patients incur substantial travel and out-of-pocket expenses for getting primary care from publicly-funded facilities. We propose a set-covering optimization model to assist health policy-makers in managing existing capacity in a better way. Decision-making should consider upgrading centers with better potential to reduce patient expenses and reallocating capacities from less preferred facilities. A multinomial logit choice model is used to predict the preferences. In this article, a brief background and literature survey along with the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model are presented. The working of the model is illustrated with the help of numerical experiments.

WILLFUL DEFAULT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY BANKING SYSTEM: A THEORETICAL EXERCISE

Samaresh Bardhan,Vivekananda Mukherjee 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2013 Journal of Economic Development Vol.38 No.4

We construct a sequential game to highlight the incidence of ‘willful default’ in a developing country banking system where the borrowing unit underreports its true financial position and defaults willfully. Specifically, the paper deals with the implications of willful default for profitability and ultimate loan decision-making process of the banks. It shows that if limited liability condition holds and the conditions of willful default are satisfied, the bank will extend maximum possible amount of loan. However, it also follows that higher the loan capacity of the bank, the higher is the incidence of willful default. These would imply important policy lessons for the regulator. In fact, the regulator faces a trade-off between higher incidence of willful default and higher profitability of the bank. What we observe in reality depends on the objective of the regulator.

Does Regional Financial Development Matter for Growth? Evidence from Indian States

Samaresh Bardhan,Rajesh Sharma 한국국제경제학회 2017 International Economic Journal Vol.31 No.4

The paper investigates finance–growth relationship across 26 Indian states over the period 1981–2012 in a panel setting. We use four indicators of financial development: credit-GSDP ratio, deposit-GSDP ratio, credit-deposit ratio and branch density and apply panel generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques. We observe positive and significant effect of financial development on economic growth and our findings are robust across alternate indicators of financial development and model specifications. Our findings highlight pivotal role played by financial intermediaries in fostering savings mobilization and financing investment activities across states through channels of deposit mobilization, expansion of credit and greater branch expansion in unbanked locations and consequent reduction of transactions costs. These findings are consistent with observations that much of India’s superior growth performance is attributed to high level of domestic savings. The paper also takes care of issues of bias and precision of various GMM estimators arising out of small sample typically prevalent in empirical growth models like ours.

경제 성장, 개발과 권한 강화

A B. Bardhan,정호영(번역자) 노동사회과학연구소 2009 정세와노동 Vol.- No.43

Nemaline Rod/Cap Myopathy Due to Novel Homozygous MYPN Mutations: The First Report from South Asia and Comprehensive Literature Review

Polavarapu Kiran,Bardhan Mainak,Anjanappa Ram Murthy,Vengalil Seena,Preethish-Kumar Veeramani,Shingavi Leena,Chawla Tanushree,Nashi Saraswati,Mohan Dhaarini,Arunachal Gautham,Geetha Thenral S.,Rampras 대한신경과학회 2021 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.17 No.3

Background and Purpose Pathogenic variants in the myopalladin gene (MYPN) are known to cause mildly progressive nemaline/cap myopathy. Only nine cases have been reported in the English literature. Methods A detailed evaluation was conducted of the clinical, muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and genetic findings of two unrelated adults with MYPN-related cap myopathy. Genetic analysis was performed using whole-exome sequencing. MRI was performed on a 1.5-T device in patient 1. Results Two unrelated adults born to consanguineous parents, a 28-year-old male and a 23-year-old female, were diagnosed with pathogenic variants in MYPN that cause cap myopathy. Both patients presented with early-onset, insidiously progressive, and minimally disabling proximodistal weakness with mild ptosis, facial weakness, and bulbar symptoms. Patient 1 had a prominent foot drop from the onset. Both patients were followed up at age 30 years, at which point serum creatine kinase concentrations were minimally elevated. There were no cardiac symptoms; electrocardiograms and two-dimensional echocardiograms were normal in both patients. Muscle MRI revealed preferential involvement of the glutei, posterior thigh muscles, and anterior leg muscles. Whole-exome sequencing revealed significant homozygous splicesite variants in both of the probands, affecting intron 10 of MYPN: c.1973+1G>C (patient 1) and c.1974-2A>C (patient 2). Conclusions This study elaborates on two patients with homozygous MYPN pathogenic variants, presenting as slowly progressive congenital myopathy. These patients are only the tenth and eleventh cases reported in the English literature, and the first from South Asia. The clinical phenotype reiterates the mild form of nemaline rod/cap myopathy. A comprehensive literature review is presented.

Estimation of lightweight aggregate concrete characteristics using a novel stacking ensemble approach

Kaloop, Mosbeh R.,Bardhan, Abidhan,Hu, Jong Wan,Abd-Elrahman, Mohamed Techno-Press 2022 Advances in nano research Vol.13 No.5

This study investigates the efficiency of ensemble machine learning for predicting the lightweight-aggregate concrete (LWC) characteristics. A stacking ensemble (STEN) approach was proposed to estimate the dry density (DD) and 28 days compressive strength (Fc-28) of LWC using two meta-models called random forest regressor (RFR) and extra tree regressor (ETR), and two novel ensemble models called STEN-RFR and STEN-ETR, were constructed. Four standalone machine learning models including artificial neural network, gradient boosting regression, K neighbor regression, and support vector regression were used to compare the performance of the proposed models. For this purpose, a sum of 140 LWC mixtures with 21 influencing parameters for producing LWC with a density less than 1000 kg/m³, were used. Based on the experimental results with multiple performance criteria, it can be concluded that the proposed STEN-ETR model can be used to estimate the DD and Fc-28 of LWC. Moreover, the STEN-ETR approach was found to be a significant technique in prediction DD and Fc-28 of LWC with minimal prediction error. In the validation phase, the accuracy of the proposed STEN-ETR model in predicting DD and Fc-28 was found to be 96.79% and 81.50%, respectively. In addition, the significance of cement, water-cement ratio, silica fume, and aggregate with expanded glass variables is efficient in modeling DD and Fc-28 of LWC.

STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM BOOTSTRAP PANEL GRANGER CAUSALITY TEST

RAJESH SHARMA,Samaresh Bardhan 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2018 Journal of Economic Development Vol.43 No.3

The paper presents causality analysis between stock market development and economic growth for 25 advanced economies over the period 1975-2011. We apply bootstrap panel Granger causality method (Emirmahmutoglu and Kose, 2011) for this purpose, which incorporates heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in a panel framework. Using alternative measures of stock market size and liquidity, we find evidence of uni-directional causality from stock market development to growth in case of individual countries as well as with panel statistics in the presence of cross-sectional dependence which support supply leading hypothesis (stock market led growth). However, we hardly find any evidence of demand-following hypothesis or feedback hypothesis. Findings also reveal that market size is relatively more important than liquidity measures in case of advanced economies despite favourable theoretical prediction that stock market liquidity might ease investments, improve allocation of capital and enhance prospects for economic growth. Probable policy implications that emerge from experiences of advanced economies is that despite several unfavourable features of stock market development, which put certain market dominated advanced economies in disadvantageous positions compared to certain bank-based economies, emerging economies should certainly focus on stock market development as alternative potential means of financial development and hence long-term economic growth.

Restructuring Primary Health Care Network to Maximize Utilization and Reduce Patient Out-of-pocket Expenses

Kaushal Kumar,Amit Kumar Bardhan 아시아기술혁신학회 2019 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.8 No.1

Providing free primary care to everyone is an important goal pursued by many countries under universal health care programs. Countries like India need to efficiently utilize their limited capacities towards this purpose. Unfortunately, due to a variety of reasons, patients incur substantial travel and out-of-pocket expenses for getting primary care from publicly-funded facilities. We propose a set-covering optimization model to assist health policy-makers in managing existing capacity in a better way. Decision-making should consider upgrading centers with better potential to reduce patient expenses and reallocating capacities from less preferred facilities. A multinomial logit choice model is used to predict the preferences. In this article, a brief background and literature survey along with the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model are presented. The working of the model is illustrated with the help of numerical experiments.

A multi-stimuli responsive alginate nanogel for anticancer chemo-photodynamic therapy

Shameer Pillarisetti,Veena Vijayan,Jayakumar Rangasamy,Rizia Bardhan,Saji Uthaman,In-Kyu Park 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.123 No.-

Stimuli-responsive nanosystems enable highly effective targeting and therapeutic functions, includingchemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Traditional PDT alone cannot effectively eradicate thetumor burden; combined with chemotherapy, this combination presents a powerful treatment modalityto modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we report a multi-stimulus responsive alginatenanogel that responds to the change in pH and redox potential in the TME. We coupled oxidized alginatewith 4-mercapto phenylboronic acid and pheophorbide-A (a hydrophobic photosensitizer) and conjugatedwith adipic acid dihydrazide to design the nanogels. Further, we encapsulated doxorubicin, a cytotoxicagent, in the nanogel to enable chemotherapy. The alginate nanogel exhibited the pH-sensitiverelease of both pheophorbide-Aand doxorubicin and simultaneously reduced the redox potential thatenhanced PDT by increasing reactive oxygen species production. Our results demonstrate that themulti-stimuli responsive alginate nanogel enhances toxicity in breast cancer and melanoma.

Positron annihilation spectroscopy of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers embedded with multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Chakrabarti, K.,Nambissan, P.M.G.,Mukherjee, C.D.,Bardhan, K.K.,Kim, C.,Yang, K.S. Elsevier 2006 Carbon Vol.44 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers, embedded with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in different concentrations, have been prepared by an electrospinning technique and investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Raman, and positron annihilation spectroscopy. An analysis of the positron lifetime and Doppler broadened spectral line shape has been made. Positron lifetime spectra for all the samples give best fit for three distinct lifetime components. Raman data has been used to estimate the sp<SUP>2</SUP> mole fraction in the fiber. It is found that the gradual changes incorporated in the fiber due to the addition of MWCNTs are reflected as well defined changes in the positron lifetime and the <I>S</I> parameter of the Doppler broadened spectral line. Annihilation parameters are discussed from the point of view of formation of distinct positron trapping sites in the form of vacancy type defects at the interfaces of MWCNTs and the PAN matrix, and their variations in concentration due to different amount of MWCNTs added.</P>