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A study of palm oil mill processing and environmental assessment of palm oil mill effluent treatment
Azam Akhbari,Prashad Kumaran Kutty,Onn Chiu Chuen,Shaliza Ibrahim 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.2
This work discusses the palm oil mill processing carried out at Jugra Palm Oil Mill Sdn Bhd, situated at Selangor, Malaysia with the capacity of 45-t fresh fruit bunch (FFB)/h. Typically, oil palm residues and palm oil mill effluent (POME) from FFB are generated while processing. Prior to discharge, POME should be treated to remove pollutants in the effluent. As such, the performances of anaerobic and aerobic ponds were assessed in this study to determine temperature, pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), sludge volume index (SVI), and dissolved oxygen (DO). From the experiments, mesophilic temperature due to better process stability was applied in anaerobic ponds. The pH results displayed a fluctuating trend between lower control limit and upper control limit, and, the pH value increased from one pond to another. The final discharge BOD and SVI appeared to be lower than 100 mg/L and 10 mL/L indicating low degree of pollution and good settling ability for biomass/solid. DO was close to normal, mostly below 2 mg/L. The experimental outcomes revealed the effective treatability of POME in adherence to the standard regulation, which is the priority for environmental sustainability within this industry domain.
Metal Coating on Ultrafine Polyester Non-woven Fabrics and Their Ageing Properties
Azam Ali,Vijay Baheti,Jiri Militky,Zaman Khan,Guocheng Zhu 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.7
The presented research work proposed a simple technique to metalize the milife fabric (very fine thickness) withsilver coating. The polyester fabrics were firstly sensitized with copper, and then silver plating was performed on the surface. The presence of silver over the fabric was observed by scanning electron microscope and respective EDX spectra. Thechange in the electrical conductivity, electromagnetic shielding and joule heating properties were examined for differentelectroplating time. The electrically conductive fabrics showed low electrical resistance with high EMI shielding overfrequency range of 30 MHz to 1.5 GHz. To have an idea about the durability of electrical conductivity under stretch load, the75 cycles of stretch and release were carried out. Furthermore, the heating performance of silver plated fabric was studiedthrough measuring the change in temperature at the surface of the fabric while applying a voltage difference across the fabric. Lastly, the effect of ageing parameters like washing, oxidation and sulfidation were examined on the functional and comfortproperties (i.e. thermal conductivity and stiffness) of conductive fabric.
New Findings on Breast Cancer Stem Cells: A Review
Azam Bozorgi,Mozafar Khazaei,Mohammad Rasool Khazaei 한국유방암학회 2015 Journal of breast cancer Vol.18 No.4
Since the introduction of the “cancer stem cell” theory, significant developments have been made in the understanding of cancer and the heterogenic structure of tumors. In 2003, with the isolation of cancer stem cells from the first solid tumor, breast cancer, and recognition of the tumorigenicity of these cells, this theory suggested that the main reason for therapy failure might be the presence of cancer stem cells. This review article describes breast cancer stem cell origin, the related cellular and molecular characteristics, signaling pathways, and therapy resistance mechanisms. The databases PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase were explored, and articles published on these topics between 1992 and 2015 were investigated. It appears that this small subpopulation of cells, with the capacity for self-renewal and a high proliferation rate, originate from normal stem cells, are identified by specific markers such as CD44+/CD24-/low, and enhance a tumor’s capacity for metastasis, invasion, and therapy resistance. Cancer stem cell characteristics depend on their interactions with their microenvironment as well as on the inducing factors and elements. Although uncertainties about breast cancer stem cells exist, many of researchers believe that cancer stem cells should be considered as possible therapeutic targets.
An Improved Linear Complementarity Solver for the Dynamic Analysis of Blast Loaded Structures
Azam Khan,Moiz Tariq,Asad Ullah,Arshad Hussain 한국콘크리트학회 2022 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.16 No.5
The linear complementarity problem (LCP) approach, expedited by using the simple rigid–plastic theory, has been utilized successfully in predicting the numerical response of the ductile steel or concrete structures subjected to short-duration, high-intensity dynamic loads. The current study attempts to improve the computational stability of this powerful technique while determining the response of skeletal structures under blast loading. The performance of the Lemke LCP solver is amplified by introducing an automatic time-stepping scheme to efficiently trace the complex dynamic response using either lumped mass or continuous mass discretization. The computational efficiency of this solver is tested against carefully chosen three numerical examples, and the acquired results are in good agreement with the derived closed-form solution and results from other sources.
Role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus
( Azam Amirian ),( Mahin Balouchi Mahani ),( Fatemeh Abdi ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.63 No.4
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy-associated metabolic disorder that is steadily increasing worldwide. Early diagnosis of pregnant women susceptible to GDM is the first step for deploying effective preventive treatment to reduce maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications. The diagnostic process of GDM is still controversial and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the most recent markers used for the diagnosis of GDM. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the role of IL-6 in the diagnosis of GDM. In this systematic review, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, and MEDLINE databases were searched using the following keywords: GDM, screening, and IL-6, with the time interval 2009-2020. The quality of articles was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. Twenty-four articles with desired quality that met the inclusion criteria were selected and reviewed further. Sixteen studies showed a statistically significant association, while 8 studies did not report any relationship between IL-6 levels and GDM. Based on the results of these studies, assessing the serum IL-6 levels can be investigated a newly established diagnostic biomarker for GDM. Therefore, through early diagnosis of susceptible women, effective measures can be implemented to reduce its complications.
Azam Kadirhodjaev,Prima Riza Kadavi,이창욱,이사로 한국지질과학협의회 2018 Geosciences Journal Vol.22 No.6
This paper uses a probability-based approach to study the spatial relationships between landslides and their causative factors in the Mingchukur area, Bostanlik districts of Tashkent, Uzbekistan. The approach is based on digital databases and incorporates methods including probability analysis, spatial pattern analysis, and interactive mapping. First, an object-oriented conceptual model for describing landslide events is proposed, and a combined database of landslides and environmental factors is constructed by integrating various databases within a unifying conceptual framework. The frequency ratio probability model and landslide occurrence data are linked for interactive, spatial evaluation of the relationships between landslides and their causative factors. In total, 15 factors were analyzed, divided into topography, hydrology, and geology categories. All analyzed factors were also divided into numerical and categorical types. Numerical factors are continuous and were evaluated according to their R2 values. A landslide susceptibility map was constructed based on conditioning factors and landslide occurrence data using the frequency ratio model. Finally, the map was validated and the accuracy showed the satisfactory value of 83.3%.
Azam Chahardoli,Farshad Qalekhani,Yalda Shokoohinia,Ali Fattahi 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.111 No.-
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) were produced using a crud flavonoid luteolin (LT) by the greenprocess. Physicochemical characterizations of LT mediated synthesis of TiO2NPs (LT-TiO2NPs) were analyzedby different techniques. The biocompatibility of LT-TiO2NPs was evaluated by assessing their cytotoxicity,inhibition of protein denaturation, hemolysis effects, and membrane stabilization activity. Thesynthesized LT-TiO2NPs exhibited mostly rod-shaped morphology, rutile crystalline structure with lengthabout 33.3–135 nm and width in 16.6–58 nm. Under LT-TiO2NPs treatments, the cell viability of cancercells was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. According to the results, the IC50 values of LT-TiO2NPswere between 12.5–25 lg/mL for A375 and MCF-7 cancer cells, and its value was below 50 lg/mL for skinfibroblast. These NPs also induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and causedmitochondrial disruption in cancer cells, leading to the induction of intrinsic apoptosis. These biosynthesizedNPs did not show denaturation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein and hemolytic or heatinducedhemolytic effects, which confirmed their membrane stabilization activity without damagingred blood cells (RBCs) membrane integrity. Therefore, this research provides valuable results in the caseof green synthesis of LT-TiO2NPs and their specific properties, biocompatibility, and their potential to beused in biomedical fields.