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유럽계 미국인에서 atd각도에 영향을 주는 손바닥 계측치
Pamela Ashmore,Juliann G. Sebastian,김수일(Soo-Il Kim),조근자(Keun-Ja Cho) 대한체질인류학회 2011 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.24 No.1
미국인은 여러 민족과 인종으로 구성되어 있다. 손바닥문은 민족에 따라 다르기 때문에 유럽계 미국인에서 손바닥문의 삼교차점에 의해 형성된 atd각도에 영향을 주는 손바닥 계측치를 파악하고 atd각도를 추정하는 회귀식을 산출해 보고자 본 연구를 시도하였다. 자료수집은 미국 미주리대학교의 재학생 중 유럽계 미국인 208명(남자 102명, 여자 106명)을 대상으로 양손의 atd각도, 손바닥너비, 손바닥길이, a-d거리, 먼쪽손목주름에서 t점까지 길이를 측정하였고, 수집된 자료는 SPSS win PC 18.0으로 기술통계, 빈도분석, independent t-test, paired t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, 단계적 회귀분석(stepwise regression)을 실시하였다. Atd각도는 남자 38.6˚, 여자 40.4˚로 남자가 여자보다 통계적으로 유의하게 작았다. 남자에서 atd각도에 의미있게 영향을 주는 변수는 a-d거리(β=.774), 먼쪽손목주름에서 t점까지 길이: 손바닥길이비(β=.665), 손바닥길이(β=-.384)였다. 한편, 여자에서 atd각도에 의미있게 영향을 주는 변수는 먼쪽손목주름에서 t점까지 길이: 손바닥길이비(β=.689), a-d거리 : 손바닥너비비(β=.643), 손바닥너비 : 손바닥길이비(β=.346)이었다. 또한 atd각도 회귀식은 다음과 같이 산출되었다. 남자의 atd각도는 26.150+(0.741×a-d거리)+(52.856×먼쪽손목주름에서 t점까지 길이: 손바닥길이비)-(0.332×손바닥길이)이었고, 여자의 atd각도는 -42.935+(51.657×먼쪽손목주름에서 t점까지 길이: 손바닥길이비)+(63.314×a-d거리: 손바닥너비비)+(42.764×손바닥너비: 손바닥길이비)이었다. 따라서, 유럽계 미국인에서 atd각도에 영향을 주는 손바닥 계측치는 남녀 차이가 있으며, 특히 먼쪽손목주름에서 t점까지 길이 : 손바닥길이비는 남녀 모두에게 매우 중요한 영향을 주는 계측치라고 할 수 있을 것이다. American population consists of people of various race and ethnic group. Palm prints are different from each individual, ethnic group and race. The aim of this study is to investigate influencing anthropometric values to atd angles formed by triradii of palm prints in European American and develop a regression equation that can predict atd angle. This study was done on 208 European American (males: 102 individuals, females: 106 individuals). Data were collected by measuring atd angles using a protractor, distance from triradii a to d, length from triradius t to the distal wrist crease (DWC), palm breadth at metacarpals and palm length perpendicular using digital callipers. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the frequency, independent sample t-test, paired t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, stepwise regression using SPSS win 18.0. This study showed that atd angles of males (38.6˚) are significantly smaller than those of females (40.4˚). Influencing anthropometric values to atd angles in males were distance from triradii a to d, the ratio of the length from triradius t to the DWC to palm length, palm length. Influencing anthropometric values to atd angles in females were the ratio of the length from triradius t to the DWC to palm length, the ratio of the distance from triradii a to d to palm breadth, and the ratio of palm breadth to palm length. In addition to, the regression equation predicted atd angle of males was 26.150+(0.741×distance from triradii a to d)+(52.856×the ratio of the length from triradius t to the DWC to palm length)-(0.332×palm length), on the other hand, that of females was -42.935+ (51.657×the ratio of the length from triradius t to the DWC to palm length)+(63.314×the ratio of the distance from triradii a to d to palm breadth)+(42.764×the ratio of palm breadth to palm length). The results of this study suggest that there were differences in influencing anthropometric values to atd angles between males and females in European American. Especially, the ratio of the length from triradius t to DWC to palm length was a very significantly influencing anthropometric value to atd angles to all of males and females.
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Kim, Y.S.,Lee, Y.B.,Ashmore, C.R.,Han, I.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1988 Animal Bioscience Vol.1 No.4
Fifty-two wether lambs weighing 30 kg were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups; 1) initial slaughter. 2) control-maintenance (CON-MT), 3) control-ad libitum (CON-AL), 4) cimaterol-maintenance (CIM-MT) and 5) cimaterol-ad libitum (CIM-AL). Ad libitum-fed animals had free access of a high-concentrate diet, whereas maintenance animals were restricted in feed intake to maintain the initial weight of 30 kg for 90 days. Cimaterol was administered in the feed at 10 mg/kg. Regardless of feeding level, the administration of CIM improved carcass weight (p < .05), dressing % (p < .01), longissimus muscle area (p < .01), leg conformation and muscling (p < .01), USDA yield and quality grades (p < .01) and protein concentration (p < .01) in carcass as well as in muscle. Cimaterol feeding decreased organ wt (p < .01), baekfat depth (p < .01), intramuscular fat and overall fatness. Cimaterol was effective for muscle accretion even under restricted feeding condition. The greater accretion of muscle was the result of the hypertrophy of both type I and type II muscle fibers but the hypertrophy of type II fiber (110%) was much greater than that of type I fiber (37%). Cimaterol feeding decreased muscle DNA concentrations but the number of nuclei per muscle fiber was not changed, indicating that the lower DNA concentration was due to the dilution effect caused by the hypertrophy of muscle fiber. As evidenced by lower flank streaking, lower marbling and darker muscle, CIM feeding adversely affected meat quality. Meat tenderness was also adversely affected, resulting in significantly (p H .01) tougher meat in CIM-fed animals.
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