전쟁이 가구의 복지에 미치는 영향과 식량부족 대처 전략: 에티오피아 티그레이 지역의 경우

Araya M. Teka 한국제도∙경제학회 2024 제도와 경제 Vol.18 No.1

Armed conflicts and war are known for their devastating effect on the economy. We attempt to assess the effect of conflict and war on households’ welfare using data from 3,245 households in Tigrai, Ethiopia. Firstly, our comparative analysis result indicates that war reduced the income of the households by 57.7 percent, expenditure declined by 37.7 percent, and the level of saving dropped to zero. Further, due to the war, 48.7 percent of the households became unemployed. Secondly, to cope with the war-induced shortage of food, households adopted various coping strategies: (i) reducing the quality and quantity of food they consume, (ii) selling off livestock and assets, (iii) using their savings, (iv) requesting support (financial and in-kind) from family, NGOs and government, (v) eating inedible green leaves, and (vi) going for migration or begging, and others. Finally, we suggest some policy recommendations for coping with food shortage in wartime.

Corruption and Economic Growth in East African Countries

Araya, Firehiwot G.,Kim, Pan Suk(김판석) 한국아프리카학회 2013 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.39 No.-

이 논문은 부패와 경제성장간의 관계를 분석하는 기존 담론에 동아프리카 사례분석을 추가하고자 한다. 이 논문의 분석에서는 헤리티지재단이 각국의 경제자유를 측정하기 위하여 고안한 경제자유 10가지 지표 중 7가지를 활용하였다. 통계분석에서 활용한 7개 변수는 헤리티지재단이 고안한 재정자유, 정부지출, 비즈니스자유, 통화자유, 무역자유, 시장안정 등이다. 분석결과, 부패와 경제성장간에는 관계가 있음을 보여주는데, 그 관계차원은 여러 요인에 달려 있음을 보여준다. 첫째, 이미 언급한 7개변수는 부패와 상관관계를 가지고 있지만, 요인분석 통계분석방법의 차원감소방법을 활용하여 3개요소(재정자유, 시장안정 그리고 정부지출)를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 각 지표는 각국의 경제자유를 나타내는 의미 있는 것으로 하나의 개선은 또 다른 개선으로 이어질 수 있을 것이다. 둘째 회귀분석을 하였는데 재정자유는 경제성정과 긍정적인 관계를 가진 것으로 나타났으며, 시장안정은 경제성장과 부정적인 관계를 보였고, 그리고 정부지출은 유의미한 통계적 관계를 보여주지 못했다. 마지막으로 이 논문의 분석은 경제성장에서의 부패의 영향을 변화시키는 역할을 할 수 있는 여러 다른 요인들을 많이 포함하지 않았기 때문에 그 연구 영역에서 의미해석이 일부 제한적일 수 있음을 밝힌다. This paper attempts to add to the existing discourse by analyzing the relationship between corruption and economic growth in six East African countries, using seven of the ten indicators from the economic freedom that the Heritage Foundation has designed to measure economic freedom of countries. The seven variables used in the empirical analysis are freedom from corruption, fiscal freedom, government spending, business freedom, monetary freedom, trade freedom, and investment freedom. The result shows that the presence of corruption has a relationship with economic growth. However, the dimension of this relationship is dependent on other factors. First, it is found that the seven indicators have a correlation with corruption and are reduced to three variables of fiscal freedom, market stability and government spending using the factor analysis dimension reduction statistical methodology. While each indicator is valuable to show the economic freedom of a country, improving one will result in improving the other as well. Second, the regression analysis found that while fiscal freedom has a positive relationship, market stability showed a negative relationship with economic growth. Government spending showed an insignificant relationship. This analysis, however, is limited in its scope as it did not include other factors that can play a role in shifting the impact of corruption on growth.

Organizational Capacity and Performance of Ethiopian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

Araya, Firehiwot G.,Han, Sang-Il(한상일) 한국아프리카학회 2015 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.45 No.-

많은 국가에서 중소기업은 고용을 창출하면서 혁신과 경쟁력을 높이는 역할을 수행한다. 따라서 중소기업의 경쟁력 제고가 개발도상국가 경제성장의 지름길로 여겨지고 있으며 경제적 혁신을 촉진하고 사회적 영향력을 키우며 취약한 계층에게 많은 일자리를 제공하는데 기여한다. 이 논문의 연구대상 국가인 에티오피아에서도 중소기업은 빠른 속도로 성장하고 있으며 그들의 혁신과 기업가정신을 통해서 도시지역의 실업문제를 해소하는데 많은 기여를 하는 것으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 많은 기존연구가 중소기업의 고용창출효과에 초점을 맞추고 있는 반면 그들의 조직역량과 성과에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 중소기업의 조직역량과 성과는 생존과 지속가능성에 영향을 주는 중요한 요인인 만큼 이 논문의 저자들은 에티오피아 중소기업의 조직역량과 성과를 측정하고 그들의 관계를 실증적으로 분석하고자 한다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위해 중소기업의 중요성, 조직역량, 성과 등에 대한 이론적 배경을 제시한 후, 에티오피아 아디스아바바 지역에 소재한 214개 중소기업을 대상으로 조사한 자료를 바탕으로 평균값 분석과 회귀분석을 활용한 실증분석을 진행한다. 마지막으로 분석결과를 토대로 연구의 함의와 향후 연구의 방향을 제시하였다. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) outnumber large companies worldwide by a wide margin, employ many more people and drive innovation and competition in many economic sectors. The move toward promoting more SMEs is often associated with their ability to lead socio-economic development through economic innovation and social impacts, thus creating more jobs for the vulnerable. In Ethiopia, the recent growth in SMEs has proven to be an innovative way to challenge high urban unemployment by advocating more entrepreneurship. However, many studies concentrate on the SMEs’ role of job creation rather than their organizational capacity and performance which leads to their sustainability and survival. In this paper, we empirically analyze the impact of organization capacity and management system of SMEs on their economic performance, using mean comparison followed by a regression analysis. Specifically, we identify which element of organizational capacity has the most significant impact on SME economic performance. Therefore, the paper presents a theoretical argument that supports the importance of SMEs in a local economy, their organizational capacity and their performance and shows the statistical results of the mean comparison and linear regression analysis. Finally, a discussion of the results and conclusion are presented with final remarks.

Energy Saving with Conversion Speed of Cooling Tower Fans

Araya Burapanonthachai,Amphawan Chaikla,Thanit Trisuwannawat,Prasit Julsereewong,Dumri Chansangsuk 제어로봇시스템학회 2004 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.8

The Impact of Agricultural Package Programs on Farm Productivity in Tigray-Ethiopia: Panel Data Estimation

Teka Araya,Sung-Kyu Lee 한국무역학회 2019 한국무역학회 세미나 및 토론회 Vol.2019 No.4

Involvement of autophagy in IPF pathogenesish

( Jun Araya ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.120 No.-

Tetraaryldiamine-based electron-transporting interlayers for performance and stability enhancement of organic solar cells

Alem Araya Meresa,이태원,Solin Lee,김선주,박광용 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.113 No.-

Three novel tetraaryldiamines are synthesized and applied as an interlayer between zinc oxide (ZnO) andphotoactive layers in PTB7-Th:PC71BM solar cells. The arylamines have an optical bandgap of 3.0–3.4 eVand do not interfere with the light-harvesting window of our polymer:fullerene combination. Theyenhance the power conversion efficiency from 7.48% in the control device to 8.95%, 8.18%, and 7.84%in PN-, PA-, and PAP-based devices, respectively. The dependence of photovoltaic parameters on thedeposition conditions of the interlayer reveals that the current density and fill factor are the main parametersthat increase when tetraaryldiamines are used as an interlayer. The external quantum efficiencyincreases from 73.1% in the bare ZnO device to 77.7–82.0% in the interlayer-incorporated devices. Thepower loss owing to the series and shunt resistances is reduced by a suitable alignment of the electronicenergy levels with the interlayer and enhanced charge transfer through the components. Interlayerincorporateddevices also show a superior environmental stability compared to devices using bareZnO. The results of this study should help advance the engineering strategies for organic solar cells withenhanced performances.

Device Characteristics of Bis(pentafluorophenyl)zinc-Doped Organic Solar Cells Based on PTB7-Th:PC70BM

( Alem Araya Meresa ),김선주 한국공업화학회 2021 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2021 No.0

Moving Towards Sustainable Community Development:

Firehiwot G. Araya 국제개발협력학회 2011 국제개발협력연구 Vol.4 No.1

After discussing important components of sustainable community development (SCD), the paper embarks on Millennium Village Project(MVP) implementation mainly focusing on the Koraro cluster MV in Ethiopia. MVP is a project designed by renowned scientists including Jeffry Sachs at Earth Institute, in partnership with Millennium Promise, and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). It has been under implementation starting from 2005 in 15 disadvantaged remote cluster villages in ten African countries each with an average estimated 5000 households with an objective to facilitate the achievement of MDGs. Using qualitative and quantitative data gathered from the Koraro MV site, this paper made vital recommendations to ensure the sustainability of this project. Supporting arguments from the Sauri MV site in Kenya made by other scholars was also used in order to increase the applicability of the recommendation to other MVs. The findings show that MV lacks important components of sustainable community development (SCD). SCD is a strategy for development which seeks to balance environmental, economic and social benefits. In order to ensure sustainability of the achievements, the MVP needs to empower the community through community capacity building and participation.

Promoting gender equalities from a capability perspective: The role of social policy in the context of developing countries

Firehiwot G. Araya,정무권 한국행정학회 2015 International Review of Public Administration Vol.20 No.2

Gender equality has recently emerged as an important institutional factor for development, and its focus is moving from the improvement of women’s economic status to capability expansion. In this regard, it has been claimed that social policy is a main instrument for enhancing gender equality in developing countries as much as in developed ones; in particular, spending on education and health is more effective than the traditional social protection, mainly cash transfer for income protection. In this context, this paper attempts to test which policy option can improve gender equality in the context of developing countries. For this, we conducted a regression analysis to investigate the role of social policy in narrowing the gender divide in 75 developing countries. The results show, contrary to common assumption, that social protection policies focusing on income protection are significantly effective to reduce the gender gap from a capability perspective, as opposed to policies of spending on public services such as health and education. However, integrated policies in both areas have greater impact on decreasing gender inequality than a single-policy fix.