Role of Recycled Water Sources in the (IM)Mobilization and Bioavailability of Copper in Soils

( Anitha Kunhikrishnan ),( Nanthi S. Bolan ),( Ravi Naidu ),( Won Il Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2012 No.-

This research investigates the impact of various recycled water sources (treated sewage, storm water, dairy, winery and piggery effluents) on the (im)mobilization and bioavailability of copper (Cu) in soils. Recycled water can act both as a source and sink for heavy metals. When used for irrigation the concentration of metal content in soils may increase depending on the level of treatment. But the presence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in recycled water are likely to (im)mobilize Cu by forming complexes thereby affecting the bioavailability. This work reveals that Cu-DOC complexes decreased the adsorption and bioavailability of Cu to plants and soil organisms which were evidenced by microbial respiration, earthworm toxicity and plant growth experiments. While the mobility of Cu increased with increasing levels of Cu, it depended on the extent of Cu adsorption and formation of soluble Cu-DOC complexes.

Comparison of Buckling Ratio and Finite Element Analysis of Femoral Necks in Post-menopausal Women

( Anitha D ),( Kwang Joon Kim ),( Sung Kil Lim ),( Taeyong Lee ) 대한폐경학회 2014 대한폐경학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Objectives: Osteoporosis is a prevalent problem amongst the elderly. Bone mineral density (BMD) obtained from dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard in diagnosing osteopenia (-1.0 < t < -2.5) and osteoporosis (t > 2.5). However, following osteoporosis therapy, increases in BMD may be unreliable. Although hip fracture risk can be reduced with the aid of drugs, treated patients still face considerable risk as most people who sustain hip fracture do not have generalized osteoporosis. A study of the local distribution of bone mass was necessary as they contribute to the geometry and consequently the bone strength. Methods: By identifying the respective regions in the femoral neck, the geometric changes were localized and differed between each patient, proving that drug treatment elicits local changes in mean outer radius and mean cortical thickness. Numerical analysis also validated the above findings, where critical strain regions were predicted at similar zones and this is coherent with the fact that reduced thickness of the cortical bone has been related to increased risk of fracture initiation. Results: Hence, from individual radar plots, we can determine if the effect of drugs had outweighed the effect of aging. We can then propose a course of treatment drug better suited for the patient in the clinical scenario. Conclusion: Clinically, little conclusion can be drawn from just the BMD in osteopenic / osteoporotic patients. This emphasizes the necessity of using geometry and structure to predict fracture risk. Focusing on a patient specific analysis at a local level will improve diagnosis of osteoporosis and ultimately fracture prediction. (J Menopausal Med 2014;20:52-56)

Nonstoichiometry-Induced Enhancement of Electrochemical Capacitance in Anodic TiO₂ Nanotubes with Controlled Pore Diameter

Anitha, V. C.,Banerjee, Arghya Narayan,Dillip, G. R.,Joo, Sang Woo,Min, Bong Ki American Chemical Society 2016 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.120 No.18

<P>We report the fabrication of self-organized titania (TiO2) nanotubes (TNTs) with controlled pore diameters (140-20 nm) by anodization for the application of electrochemical capacitor electrodes. The areal capacitances obtained for 140 nm TNTs as 0.23/0.13 mF cm(-2) at a scan rate of 1/5 mV s(-1) and it is enhanced to 5.5/2.9 mF cm(-2) (at the same scan rates) by controlling the pore diameter to 20 nm. In this study, role of pore diameter in the capacitance behavior of TNTs is explained on the basis of effective surface area and presence of oxygen vacancies/titanium interstitials. With a decrease in the pore diameter, the surface area-to-volume ratio (and hence, active surface sites) increases, which leads to greater dissociation of Ti4+ into Ti3+ under high temperature annealing and thus brings more nonstoichiometric defects like Ti3+ interstitials and oxygen deficiency within the lower dimensional TNTs. This manifests higher charge conductivity and greater electrochemical performance of TNTs with lower diameters. The simplicity of anodization method and the excellent electrochemical properties make these vertical TNTs as an alternative candidate for use in energy storage applications.</P>

토양환경 분야PS-15 : 식물, 지렁이, 미생물의 비소 유효성에 대한 바이오차, 황토, 지렁이퇴비의 영향

( Anitha Kunhikrishnan ),김경진 ( Gyeong Jin Kim ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),이정미 ( Jeong Mi Lee ),고우리 ( Woo Ri Go ),조남준 ( Nam June Cho ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2014 No.-

This study investigated the influence of organic amendments [vermicompost (5% w/w), and hairy vetch and poultry manure biochars (2% w/w) at two temperatures (450 and 700℃)] andred soil (RS-2% w/w) on the availability of arsenic (As) to radish plants ( Raphanus sativus), earthworms ( Eisenia fetida) and microorganisms in a highly contaminated As (1341.54 mg As kg.1) soil. The bioavailability of As to earthworms was determined by mortality test and to microorganisms by microbial biomass carbon (MBC) experiment. In the plant growth experiment, there was no significant difference in dry matter content among the biochars, vermicompost and red soil and also between biochars at different temperatures. Although the extractable As increased in all the treatments after the completion of the experiment, biochars, significantly reduced the uptake of As compared to the control. Poultry manure biochar decreased As at a higher rate when compared to hairy vetch biochar, and the reduction percentage was significantly higher at higher temperature. Red soil and vermicompost also reduced the availability of As to radish but the percentage of reduction was similar to hairy vetch biochar at 450℃. Also, red soil in combination with biochars reduced the availability of As but the percentage of reduction was similar to biochars at 450℃. At the end of the mortality experiment, weight loss of worms was observed in all the treatments. The mortality percentage in worms reduced by 70-80% in biochars and RS compared to control and vermicompost treatments. The HVBC 450 and PMBC 700 markedly reduced As accumulation in worm tissues compared to control, red soil and vermicompost treatments. Microbial activity varied between the treatments and higher MBC was noticed in soils treated with biochars at low temperatures. This study shows the effectiveness of biochar and red soil in the remediation of As.contaminated soils. Results may vary, depending on the types of biochar and its pyrolysis temperature. A field experiment is currently underway to confirm the results obtained from the glass house and laboratory studies.

Development of the body condition score system in Murrah buffaloes: validation through ultrasonic assessment of body fat reserves

Anitha Alapati,Sarjan Rao Kapa,Suresh Jeepalyam,Srinivasa Moorthy Patrapalle Rangappa,Kotilinga Reddy Yemireddy 대한수의학회 2010 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.11 No.1

The body condition score (BCS) system is a subjective scoring method of evaluating the energy reserves of dairy animals to provide better understanding of biological relationships between body fat, milk production and reproduction. This method helps in adopting the optimum management practices to derive maximum production and maintain optimum health of the livestock. In this study, a new BCS system was developed for Murrah buffaloes. The skeletal check points were identified by studying the anatomical features and amount of fat reserves in slaughtered animals. The scores were assigned from 1 to 5based on the amount of fat reserves in slaughtered animals. A score of 1 represents least and 5 represents most amount of fat. The skeletal check points identified were ordered based on the amount of carcass fat reserves and scores assigned to prepare a preliminary BCS chart on a 1 to 5 scale at 0.25 increments. The BCS chart was further modified by eliminating the skeletal check points at which the fat reserves were less evident on palpation in most of the buffaloes and a new BCS chart on a 1 to 5 scale at 0.5 increments examining eight skeletal check points was developed. The new BCS system developed was tested for precision in 10 buffaloes for each point of the 1-5 scale by ultrasonographic measurements of body fat reserves. Ultrasonographic measurements showed that as the BCS increased, the amount of fat reserves also increased (p < 0.01), indicating that the BCS adequately reflected the amount of actual fat reserves. BCS was significantly correlated (r = 0.860) with the carcass fat reserves as well as the ultrasonographic fat reserves (r = 0.854).

Assessing Bone Quality in Terms of Bone Mineral Density, Buckling Ratio and Critical Fracture Load

Anitha D,이태용 대한골대사학회 2014 대한골대사학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) is used as a sole parameter in the diagnosis ofosteoporosis. Due to the ease of acquirement of BMD, clinical diagnosis still involves itsusage although the limitations of BMD are quite well-established. Therefore, this prelim-inary study hoped to reduce the errors introduced by BMD alone by incorporating geo-metric and structural predictors simultaneously to observe if strength was implicitly de-pendent on the geometry and BMD. Hence, we illustrated the triadic relationship be-tween BMD, buckling ratio (BR) and critical fracture load (Fcr). Methods: The geometricpredictor was the BR as it involves both the changes in the periosteum and the corticalthickness. Also, structural changes were monitored by finite element (FE) analysis–pre-dicted Fcr. These BR and Fcr measurements were plotted with their respective femoralneck BMD values in elderly female patients (n=6) in a 3-year follow-up study, treatedwith ibandronate. Results: In all the three-dimensional plots (baseline, mid and finalyear), high Fcrvalues were found at regions containing high BMD and low BR values. Quan-titatively, this was also proven where an averaged highest Fcracross the three years hada relatively higher BMD (46%) and lower BR (19%) than that of the averaged lowest Fcr. The dependence of FE predicted strength on both the geometry and bone density wasillustrated. Conclusions: We conclude that use of triadic relationships for the evaluationof osteoporosis and hip fractures with the combination of strength, radiology-derivedBR and bone density will lay the foundation for more accurate predictions in the future.

Role of colour and volatile in foraging behaviour of honeybee Apis cerana on Jacquemontia pentanthos

Anitha Annamma Abraham,Abraham Verghese,Subramanyam Muthangi 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.4

Floral visual and olfactory cues guide the insect visitors to the source of reward. This work addresses one such interaction between honeybee Apis cerana and a garden climber Jacquemontia pentanthos. Field studies have indicated that A. cerana showed preference to J. pentanthos over the other flowering plants during its visits for foraging. The objectives of the work is to understand the role of colour and scent in the attraction of Apis cerana to the host plant. Bioassays performed emphasized the involvement of colour and volatiles for the visits of A. cerana. Petals show high reflectance to ultraviolet light with ultraviolet absorbing regions in the centre which serve as a nectar guide. Gas chromatography linked electroanntenogram detector (GC-EAD) showed antennal response to the floral volatile of J. pentanthos identified as sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene. Behavioural studies have shown similar preference to β- caryophyllene as that of α-humulene. Our studies suggest an interplay of colour and volatiles cues for A. cerana visitation to Jacquemontia flowers and these findings are further supported by behavioural studies on.

Automatic Extraction of Vertebral Endplates from Scoliotic Radiographs Using Customized Filter

Anitha H.,Karunakar A. K.,Dinesh K. V. N. 대한의용생체공학회 2014 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.4 No.2

Purpose The scoliosis diagnosing system needs radio-graphicinformation in terms of spinal curvature estimated usingCobb’s definition. The evaluation process and treatmentanalysis depends on the reliability and reproducibility of thespine curvature in the frontal view. Methods Manual identification of end vertebrae and otheranatomical features required for the estimation of spinalcurvature causes variability and unreliability at higher rate. This paper proposes an automated system to extract therequired anatomical features using customized filter. Thecustomized filter used in this paper is a combination ofanisotropic, sigmoid and differential filter. Combination ofthese filters automatically extracts the anatomical features interms of required vertebral endplates. Automatic identificationof these endplates eliminates the human intervention involvedin the quantification of Cobb angle. Results and Conclusions Analysis of the results revealssignificant difference between the observer variabilitybetween manual, computer assisted and computerized imageunderstanding system in terms of inter and intra crosscorrelation coefficient ratio (ICCR).

Recent developments in TiO2 as n- and p-type transparent semiconductors: synthesis, modification, properties, and energy-related applications

Anitha, V. C.,Banerjee, A. N.,Joo, S. W. Springer Science + Business Media 2015 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE - Vol.50 No.23

Medicinal metabolites with common biosynthetic pathways in Solanum nigrum

Anitha Jabamalairaj,Ryza A. Priatama,허정,박순주 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.4

Solanum nigrum is a medicinal plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. It possesses various therapeutic properties such as anticancer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, antiinflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antiseizure properties. Numerous secondary metabolites have been isolated from S. nigrum, including (+) syringaresinol (II), (+)-medioresinol (III), scopoletin (IV), tetracosanoic acid (V), and beta-sitosterol (IV). They also contain a variety of toxic secondary metabolites such as alpha-Solanine and alpha-Chaconine, which are steroidal glycoalkaloids. Here, we showed the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to improve and enhance the plant architecture, secondary metabolites, and therapeutic applications in eliminating toxic compounds, especially solanine and chaconine, in S. nigrum.