http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Genome and transcriptome-wide analyses of cellulose synthase gene superfamily in soybean
Nawaz, Muhammad Amjad,Rehman, Hafiz Mamoon,Baloch, Faheem Shehzad,Ijaz, Babar,Ali, Muhammad Amjad,Khan, Iqrar Ahmad,Lee, Jeong Dong,Chung, Gyuhwa,Yang, Seung Hwan G. Fischer 2017 Journal of plant physiology Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The plant cellulose synthase gene superfamily belongs to the category of type-2 glycosyltransferases, and is involved in cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthesis. These enzymes are vital for maintaining cell-wall structural integrity throughout plant life. Here, we identified 78 putative cellulose synthases (CS) in the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis against 40 reference <I>Arabidopsis</I> CS genes clustered soybean CSs into seven major groups (CESA, CSL A, B, C, D, E and G), located on 19 chromosomes (except chromosome 18). Soybean CS expansion occurred in 66 duplication events. Additionally, we identified 95 simple sequence repeat makers related to 44 CSs. We next performed digital expression analysis using publically available datasets to understand potential CS functions in soybean. We found that CSs were highly expressed during soybean seed development, a pattern confirmed with an Affymatrix soybean IVT array and validated with RNA-seq profiles. Within CS groups, CESAs had higher relative expression than CSLs. Soybean CS models were designed based on maximum average RPKM values. Gene co-expression networks were developed to explore which CSs could work together in soybean. Finally, RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of 15 selected CSs during all four seed developmental stages.</P>
Amjad, Muhammad,Salam, Zainal,Facta, Mochammad,Ishaque, Kashif The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2012 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.12 No.3
It is known that transformer based power supplies for ozone generators have low efficiency, high cost and exhibits a limited frequency range of operation. To overcome these disadvantages, this paper proposes a high frequency ozone generator with the absence of a transformer. The voltage step-up is achieved only by utilizing the resonant tank. This is made possible by a novel combination of ozone chamber materials that allow ozone to be generated at only 1.5 - 3.5 $kV_{p-p}$. The input to the resonant tank is driven by a PWM full bridge resonant inverter. Furthermore, zero-current zero-voltage switching (ZCZVS) operation is achieved by employing a duty factor of 25% between the switches of the full bridge. The advantages of the proposed system include high efficiency, low cost and the ability to control ozone production by varying the input voltage to the inverter. The prototype is verified by both simulation and experimental results.
Smart Energy Efficient Hierarchical Data Gathering Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
Amjad Mehmood,Houbing Song 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.5
WSNs are the most important machineries to monitor the physical environments. It is an infrastructure-less autonomous, and can be developed under any circumstances. Due to its importance, it is being widely used in different applications of our daily life. Similarly, it is making our hard challenges easy. On contrary of other networks, it has a resource constrained environment. Normally, WSN deployed in an area which is not in the reach of human. So the resources must be used in a fashion that could increase its lifetime. This paper discusses energy and communication overhead saving in each category of routing protocols with respect to the design trade-offs. We also pointed out the performance and advantages of each technique On the basis of these findings any future work could be performed to improve the existing protocols and also use them for other types of networks as well.
TinyOS-New Trends, Comparative Views, and Supported Sensing Applications: A Review
Amjad, Muhammad,Sharif, Muhammad,Afzal, Muhammad Khalil,Sung Won Kim IEEE 2016 IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL Vol.16 No.9
<P>The wireless sensor network (WSN) is an interesting area for modern day research groups. Tiny sensor nodes are deployed in a diversity of environments but with limited resources. Scarce resources compel researchers to employ an operating system that requires limited memory and minimum power. Tiny operating system (TinyOS) is a widely used operating system for sensor nodes, which provides concurrency and flexibility while adhering to the constraints of scarce resources. Comparatively, TinyOS is considered to be the most robust, innovative, energy-efficient, and widely used operating system in sensor networks. This paper looks at the state-of-the-art TinyOS and the different dimensions of its design paradigm, programming model, execution model, scheduling algorithms, concurrency, memory management, hardware support platforms, and other features. The addition of different features in TinyOS makes it the operating system of choice for WSNs. Sensing nodes with TinyOS seem to show more flexibility in supporting diverse types of sensing applications.</P>
MIXED QUASI VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES INVOLVING FOUR NONLINEAR OPERATORS
( Amjad Pervez ),( Awais Gul Khan ),( Muhammad Aslam Noor ),( Khalida Inayat Noor ) 호남수학회 2020 호남수학학술지 Vol.42 No.1
In this paper we introduce and consider a new class of variational inequalities with four operators. This class is called the extended general mixed quasi variational inequality. We show that the extended general mixed quasi variational inequality is equivalent to the mixed point problem. We use this alternative equivalent formulation to discuss the existence of a solution of extended general mixed quasi variational inequality and also develop several iterative methods for solving extended general mixed quasi variational inequality and its variant forms. We consider the convergence analysis of the proposed iterative methods under appropriate conditions. We also introduce a new class of resolvent equation, which is called the extended general implicit resolvent equation and establish an equivalent relation between the extended general implicit resolvent equation and the extended general mixed quasi variational inequality. Some special cases are also discussed.
The Efficiency of Steel Slag and Recycled Concrete Aggregate on the Strength Properties of Concrete
Amjad A. Sharba 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.11
Experimental work was carried out to study the effect of using steel slag (SS) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) as replacements for the natural aggregate in concrete. Waste materials, such as SS, which is a by-product generated during the production of steel and concrete rubble, which is produced by demolition activities, are dumped in landfill. These waste materials are considered non-degradable and have a negative impact on the environment. They have become such attributes for possible replacements for natural aggregates in the production of concrete. In the present work, SS and RCA were physically and chemically characterized. The next step of the work plan, SS was employed as a partial replacement for (sand) fine aggregate and also RCA was applied as a partial replacement for (gravel) coarse aggregate. The proportions of SS and RCA were calculated based on the criterion of particle size after performing sieve analysis according to the American Concrete Institute standards. These two replacement materials were used to replace the natural aggregate in M40-grade concrete by proportions of 0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45% by weight and the performance of the resulting mixes was compared against that of the original M40-grade concrete. In the comparison, the concrete mixes were examined for the mechanical properties -compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength. The results showed by introducing SS into the concrete containing RCA caused an increment in the mechanical properties. In addition, the best result was produced with a mix consisting of 25% steel slag and 15% recycled concrete aggregate.
Amjad Iqbal,Sadiq Ullah,Umair Naeem,Abdul Basir,Usman Ali 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.4
This paper presents a compact reconfigurable printed monopole antenna, operating in three different frequency bands (2.45 ㎓, 3 ㎓ and 5.2 ㎓), depending upon the state of the lumped element switch. The proposed multiband reconfigurable antenna is designed and fabricated on a 1.6 ㎜ thicker FR-4 substrate having a relative permittivity of 4.4. When the switch is turned ON, the antenna operates in a dual band frequency mode, i.e. WiFi at 2.45 ㎓ (2.06-3.14 ㎓) and WLAN at 5.4 ㎓ (5.11-5.66 ㎓). When the switch is turned OFF, it operates only at 3 ㎓ (2.44-3.66 ㎓). The antenna radiates omni-directionally in these bands with an adequate, bandwidth (>10 %), efficiency (>90 %), gain (>1.2 dB), directivity (>1.7 ㏈i) and VSWR (<2). The fabricated antenna is tested in the laboratory to validate the simulated results. The antenna, due to its reasonably compact size (39 x 37 ㎟), can be used in portable devices such as laptops and iPads.