Hemodynamic Impact of a Spontaneous Cervical Dissection on an Ipsilateral Saccular Aneurysm

Alfred P. See,Bradley A. Gross,David L. Penn,Rose Du,Kai U Frerichs 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2016 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.18 No.2

The dynamic, hemodynamic impact of a cervical dissection on an ipsilateral, intracranial saccular aneurysm has not been well illustrated. This 45-year-old female was found to have a small, supraclinoid aneurysm ipsilateral to a spontaneous cervical internal carotid artery dissection. With healing of the dissection, the aneurysm appeared to have significantly enlarged. Retrospective review of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the time of the initial dissection demonstrated thrombus, similar in overall morphology to the angiographic appearance of the "enlarged" aneurysm. As the dissection healed far proximal to the intradural portion of the internal carotid artery, this suggested that the aneurysm was likely a typical, saccular posterior communicating artery aneurysm that had thrombosed and then recanalized secondary to flow changes from the dissection. The aneurysm was coiled uneventfully, in distinction from more complex treatment approaches such as flow diversion or proximal occlusion to treat an enlarging, dissecting pseudoaneurysm. This case illustrates that flow changes from cervical dissections may result in thrombosis of downstream saccular aneurysms. With healing, these aneurysms may recanalize and be misidentified as enlarging dissecting pseudoaneurysms. Review of an MRI from the time of the dissection facilitated the conclusion that the aneurysm was a saccular posterior communicating artery aneurysm, influencing treatment approach.

The failure of democratization in Russia: A comparative perspective

Alfred B. Evans 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2011 Journal of Eurasian Studies Vol.2 No.1

During the 1990s American leaders and many others in the West viewed Russia as the most important test case for a transition to democracy. Today the consensus of scholarly analyses in the West concludes that, if Russia did enter a transition to democracy, that transition was not successful. This article attempts to suggest some of the main lessons about democratization that may be derived from the study of the experience of post-communist Russia, seen in a comparative perspective. The thesis that the first competitive national election after the downfall of an authoritarian regime marks a decisive breakthrough for forces striving for democratization has not proved true for Russia. Yet the withering of democracy and the consolidation of a semi-authoritarian regime followed the period of competitive elections in Russia. In the early and mid-1990s scholars who had specialized in the study of communist regimes warned that the post-communist states would need to carry out radical economic and social changes as well as sweeping political transformation. In Russia, however, the consequences of a corrupted process of privatization of state assets were enormously damaging for the institutionalization of democracy. As was shown in a number of countries in the 1970s and 1980s, a strong civil society can play an important role in a nation's transition to democracy. The barriers to the development of civil society within the Soviet system and the conditions causing weakness in social organizations in post-communist Russia made it easier for members of the elite to subvert reform and guaranteed that there would be fewer restraints on the tendency toward more authoritarian control after 2000. Among post-communist nations, those in which a consensus of most segments of the elite and the public was committed to a radical break with the old system have been much more successful in carrying out marketization and democratization. The combination of historical conditions that had created a strong anti-communist consensus in most of Eastern Europe had not taken shape in Russia. The absence of a fusion of democratization and national liberation in Russia explained the lack of a clear national consensus in favor of political and economic transformation. One of the main lessons from the course of events in Russia from the early 1990s to the present is that change away from one form of authoritarian rule, which usually has been labeled as a transition to democracy, is not irreversible. Some democratic transitions may prove to be shallow, and the changes in post-communist Russia have provided a good example of a shallow transition. The scholarly literature on transitions to democracy that appeared after the early 1980s departed from earlier writings' emphasis on the growth of social, economic, and cultural conditions for the institutionalization of democracy in the political system. The experience of Russia may encourage us to return to the study of the long-term trends facilitating or inhibiting the growth of democratic institutions.

A Women's Economic Role : A Historical Survey of Singapore

Alfred Oehlers 숙명여자대학교 아세아여성문제연구소 1998 Asian Women Vol.7 No.-

Boosting electrochemical properties of NiCo-OH heterostructure through sulphidation and carbon coating

Alfred Bekoe Appiagyei,Jeong In Han 대한전기학회 2021 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

Supercapacitors remains one of the energy storage devices with high power density and long cycle life. High capacitive devices are required to boost the energy demand in the globe currently. Here in this study, we report rGO wrapped nickel cobalt sulphide heterostructure for supercapacitor application. The capacitance achieved more than 2000 F/g with retention of 93% after 20,000 cycles. This stands as a potential electrode for future application.

On the Relation between Soils and Climate

Alfred Hartemink 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Equatorial Indian Ocean Response during Extreme Indian Summer Monsoon Years Using Reliable CMIP5 Models

Alfred Johny,Kalidahasan Vasanthakumari Ramesh 한국해양과학기술원 2020 Ocean science journal Vol.55 No.1

Monsoon droughts are characterized by the weakening of surface winds over the equatorial Indian Ocean and increased upper ocean heat storage, thus providing a sustained heat source for deep convection. This in turn increases rainfall over the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and weakens the regional Hadley circulations, along with the subsidence of these circulations over the Indian subcontinent. To simulate reliable future climate projections, it is necessary to simulate the observed features during extreme monsoon events. In this study we examine the ability of climate models to simulate extreme rainfall events and their associated observed features over the Equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) in the historical simulations of reliable IPCC CMIP5 models. Here we analyzed the Sea Surface temperature (SST), Ocean vertical temperature and rainfall anomalies during extreme rainfall events in the time period 1951–2005. In addition, we utilized reliable CMIP5 models which can simulate the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and tried to study ocean features during extreme years. Drought years produce an abnormal subsurface warming (0.5–1.5°C) over the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO). This subsurface warming changes the wind pattern and causes drought in land regions of India. At the same time during excess monsoon years there is an abnormal cooling over the EEIO.

ON v-MAROT MORI RINGS AND C-RINGS

Alfred Geroldinger,Sebastian Ramacher,Andreas Reinhart 대한수학회 2015 대한수학회지 Vol.52 No.1

C-domains are defined via class semigroups, and every C- domain is a Mori domain with nonzero conductor whose complete integral closure is a Krull domain with finite class group. In order to extend the concept of C-domains to rings with zero divisors, we study v-Marot rings as generalizations of ordinary Marot rings and investigate their theory of regular divisorial ideals. Based on this we establish a generalization of a result well-known for integral domains. Let R be a v-Marot Mori ring, R^ its complete integral closure, and suppose that the conductor f = (R : R^) is regular. If the residue class ring R/f and the class group C(R^) are both finite, then R is a C-ring. Moreover, we study both v-Marot rings and C-rings under various ring extensions.

Nonlinear probabilistic shear panel analysis using advanced sampling techniques

Alfred Strauss,Hyunjin Ju,Beatrice Belletti,Maximilian Ramstorfer,Mattia Pancrazio Cosma 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.83 No.2

The shear behaviour of reinforced concrete members has been studied over the past decades by various researchers, and it can be simulated by analysing shear panel elements which has been regarded as a basic element of reinforced concrete members subjected to in-plane biaxial stresses. Despite various experimental studies on shear panel element which have been conducted so far, there are still a lot of uncertainties related to what influencing factors govern the shear behaviour and affect failure mechanism in reinforced concrete members. To identify the uncertainties, a finite element analysis can be used, which enables to investigate the impact of specific variables such as the reinforcement ratio, the shear retention factor, and the material characteristics including aggregate interlock, tension stiffening, compressive softening, and shear behaviour at the crack surface. In this study, a non-linear probabilistic analysis was conducted on reinforced concrete panels using a finite element method optimized for reinforced concrete members and advanced sampling techniques so that probabilistic analysis can be performed effectively. Consequently, this study figures out what analysis methodology and input parameters have the most influence on shear behaviour of reinforced concrete panels.

Influence line- model correction approach for the assessment of engineering structures using novel monitoring techniques

Alfred Strauss,Roman Wendner,Dan M. Frangopol,Konrad Bergmeister 국제구조공학회 2012 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.9 No.1

In bridge engineering, maintenance strategies and thus budgetary demands are highly influenced by construction type and quality of design. Nowadays bridge owners and planners tend to include life-cycle cost analyses in their decision processes regarding the overall design trying to optimize structural reliability and durability within financial constraints. Smart permanent and short term monitoring can reduce the associated risk of new design concepts by observing the performance of structural components during prescribed time periods. The objectives of this paper are the discussion and analysis of influence line or influence field approaches in terms of (a) an efficient incorporation of monitoring information in the structural performance assessment, (b) an efficient characterization of performance indicators for the assessment of structures, (c) the ability of optimizing the positions of sensors of a monitoring system, and (d) the ability of checking the robustness of the monitoring systems applied to a structure. The proposed influence line- model correction approach has been applied to an integrative monitoring system that has been installed for the performance assessment of an existing three-span jointless bridge.

Exploring the Performance of Australian Construction Industry in a Recent Global Recession

Alfred, Olatunji Oluwole Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Ma 2011 Journal of construction engineering and project ma Vol.1 No.3

Available data on the recent global financial crisis (GFC) show that it lasted between the second quarter (Q2) of 2007 and the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2009. Australia is one of the first economies to fully recover from this crisis. This study explorles the role played by the Australian construction industry in stimulating economic growth during the recession. In order to investigate the macro-variability trend during the financial crisis, data were collected and analysed relating to the quarterly GDP of Australia and selected countries between Q1 2000 and Q4 2009. Specifically, changes in the construction industry's GDP were compared with aggregate GDP changes in Australian economy and similar indices in the 'Group of 7' (G7) countries and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Moreover, specific attention was focused on Germany, France, Japan, United States of America (USA) and United Kingdom (UK). Graphical and Pearson's correlation methods were used to analyse the relationships between changes in construction GDP and Australia's overall economic growth during the recession. In addition, an attempt was made to develop a regression model for predicting economic growth during the recent recession using changes in gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), changes in construction GDP and the impact of these changes on national economy. Analysis shows a slight contraction in construction activities during the crisis; however construction triggered significant growth in the economy during the crisis period and afterwards. This appears to be the major difference between Australia and other major economies that have experienced a longer recession.