Intrusion Detection

Ahmed R. Fares,Mohamed I. Sharawy,Hala H. Zayed 한국정보과학회 2011 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.5 No.4

Due to the expansion of high-speed Internet access, the need for secure and reliable networks has become more critical. The sophistication of network attacks, as well as their severity, has also increased recently. As such, more and more organizations are becoming vulnerable to attack. The aim of this research is to classify network attacks using neural networks (NN), which leads to a higher detection rate and a lower false alarm rate in a shorter time. This paper focuses on two classification types: a single class (normal, or attack), and a multi class (normal, DoS, PRE, R2L, U2R), where the category of attack is also detected by the NN. Extensive analysis is conducted in order to assess the translation of symbolic data, partitioning of the training data and the complexity of the architecture. This paper investigates two engines; the first engine is the back-propagation neural network intrusion detection system (BPNNIDS) and the second engine is the radial basis function neural network intrusion detection system (BPNNIDS).The two engines proposed in this paper are tested against traditional and other machine learning algorithms using a common dataset: the DARPA 98 KDD99 benchmark dataset from International Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Tools. BPNNIDS shows a superior response compared to the other techniques reported in literature especially in terms of response time, detection rate and false positive rate.

Smart Deaf Emergency Application Based on Human-Computer Interaction Principles

Ahmed, Thowiba E,Almadan, Naba Abdulraouf,Elsadek, Alma Nabil,Albishi, Haya Zayed,Al-Qahtani, Norah Eid,Alghamdi, arah Khaled International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.4

Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation, and implementation of interactive systems for human use. In this paper we suggest designing a smart deaf emergency application based on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) principles whereas nowadays everything around us is becoming smart, People already have smartphones, smartwatches, smart cars, smart houses, and many other technologies that offer a wide range of useful options. So, a smart mobile application using Text Telephone or TeleTYpe technology (TTY) has been proposed to help people with deafness or impaired hearing to communicate and seek help in emergencies. Deaf people find it difficult to communicate with people, especially in emergency status. It is stipulated that deaf people In all societies must have equal rights to use emergency services as other people. With the proposed application the deafness or impaired hearing can request help with one touch, and the location will be determined, also the user status will be sent to the emergency services through the application, making it easier to reach them and provide them with assistance. The application contains several classifications and emergency status (traffic, police, road safety, ambulance, fire fighting). The expected results from this design are interactive, experiential, efficient, and comprehensive features of human-computer interactive technology which may achieve user satisfaction.

Intrusion Detection: Supervised Machine Learning

Fares, Ahmed H.,Sharawy, Mohamed I.,Zayed, Hala H. Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2011 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.5 No.4

Due to the expansion of high-speed Internet access, the need for secure and reliable networks has become more critical. The sophistication of network attacks, as well as their severity, has also increased recently. As such, more and more organizations are becoming vulnerable to attack. The aim of this research is to classify network attacks using neural networks (NN), which leads to a higher detection rate and a lower false alarm rate in a shorter time. This paper focuses on two classification types: a single class (normal, or attack), and a multi class (normal, DoS, PRB, R2L, U2R), where the category of attack is also detected by the NN. Extensive analysis is conducted in order to assess the translation of symbolic data, partitioning of the training data and the complexity of the architecture. This paper investigates two engines; the first engine is the back-propagation neural network intrusion detection system (BPNNIDS) and the second engine is the radial basis function neural network intrusion detection system (BPNNIDS). The two engines proposed in this paper are tested against traditional and other machine learning algorithms using a common dataset: the DARPA 98 KDD99 benchmark dataset from International Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Tools. BPNNIDS shows a superior response compared to the other techniques reported in literature especially in terms of response time, detection rate and false positive rate.

Ziziphus spina-christi based bio-synthesis of Ag nanoparticles

Mervat F. Zayed,Wael H. Eisa,Yasser K. Abdel-Moneam,Salah M. El-kousy,Ahmed Atia 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.23 No.-

The bio-production of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using Ziziphus spina-christi extract was studied as a novel, rapid, low-cost and eco-friendly route. The impact of experimental factors, such as the extract quantity, precursor concentration and pH on the size and size distribution of Ag NPs, was studied with the aid of UV–vis spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The FTIR analysis was carried out to identify the functional groups in Ag NPs. The as-synthesized Ag NPs was used as a catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of NaBH4.

Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: phytoconstituents, nutritive, and pharmacological applications

Mohamed A. Salem,Ahmed Zayed,Magy E. Beshay,Mesih Mirna M. Abdel,Khayal Reem F. Ben,Fady A. George,Shahira M. Ezzat 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.3

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) calyx extracts have been well-documented for the treatment of hypertension, liver dysfunctions, and diabetes among others. An updated concise review of HS regarding phytoconstituents, and involved putative mechanisms of potential biological activities is presented. HS showed other food and other industrial applications, including the preparation of metallic nanoparticles. These activities were explained by the presence of a broad spectrum of valuable phytochemicals, including the red pigments anthocyanins, phenolic, and organic acids and polyphenolics (e.g., flavonoids and tannins). Most of the bioactivities were found to be associated with anthocyanins-rich extracts. Anthocyanins were found to have various mechanisms for the treatment of hypertension, including direct vasodilation and inhibition of angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE). However, leaves and seeds showed also other potential applications in food industry, owing to the significant amounts of phenolic antioxidant compounds. Therefore, valorization and optimization of bioactive constituents’ extraction from plant biowastes should be considered for maximizing the benefits of HS extracts.

Eco-friendly Synthesis of New Polyfunctional Azo Dyes Using Shrimp Chitin as a Catalyst: Application on Polyester Fabrics and Their Biological Activities

Entesar A. Hassan,Hamada M. Mashaly,Zeinab M. Hashem,Salem E. Zayed,Ahmed M. Abo-Bakr 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.9

A series of varying and poly-functionalized heterocyclic compounds 3a-c, 4d-k, 6a,b, 8, 9, and 12 containing azofunction have been synthesized using 2-(1-(4-aminophenyl)ethylidene)malononitrile (1) and/or its diazonium salt as buildingblocks. In addition, new pyridazine derivatives 4a-c, 7a,b, and 13a-f were synthesized. Subsequent treating of the resultedazo dyes moieties with different reagents in conventional and green conditions using microwave irradiation and shrimp chitinas a green catalyst; homo- and hetero-molecules containing azo dyes were gathered. The obtained azo dyes were applied onfabrics at high temperatures and their properties such as washing fastness using standard soap (SDS) and rubbing fastness(wet and dry) under controlled conditions of pressure, speed, and moisture were studied. In addition, they were screened fortheir biological activities on two bacterial and two mycolic species. The synthesized products were characterized by theirelemental and spectral analyses such as IR, MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectra. The produced dyestuffs 3a-c, 4d, f, h, i, j,6a,b, 8, and 12 were dyed on polyester fabrics, and subsequently their dyeing properties and their light, washing, perspiration,rubbing, and sublimation fastness was determined and the dyed samples showed very good fastness levels to rubbing,washing, thermal fixation, good light, and possessed very good perspiration fastness.

Disease Progression from Chronic Hepatitis C to Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma is Associated with Increasing DNA Promoter Methylation

Zekri, Abd El-Rahman Nabawy,Nassar, Auhood Abdel-Monem,El-Rouby, Mahmoud Nour El-Din,Shousha, Hend Ibrahim,Barakat, Ahmed Barakat,El-Desouky, Eman Desouky,Zayed, Naglaa Ali,Ahmed, Ola Sayed,Youssef, A Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Background: Changes in DNA methylation patterns are believed to be early events in hepatocarcinogenesis. A better understanding of methylation states and how they correlate with disease progression will aid in finding potential strategies for early detection of HCC. The aim of our study was to analyze the methylation frequency of tumor suppressor genes, P14, P15, and P73, and a mismatch repair gene (O6MGMT) in HCV related chronic liver disease and HCC to identify candidate epigenetic biomarkers for HCC prediction. Materials and Methods: 516 Egyptian patients with HCV-related liver disease were recruited from Kasr Alaini multidisciplinary HCC clinic from April 2010 to January 2012. Subjects were divided into 4 different clinically defined groups - HCC group (n=208), liver cirrhosis group (n=108), chronic hepatitis C group (n=100), and control group (n=100) - to analyze the methylation status of the target genes in patient plasma using EpiTect Methyl qPCR Array technology. Methylation was considered to be hypermethylated if >10% and/or intermediately methylated if >60%. Results: In our series, a significant difference in the hypermethylation status of all studied genes was noted within the different stages of chronic liver disease and ultimately HCC. Hypermethylation of the P14 gene was detected in 100/208 (48.1%), 52/108 (48.1%), 16/100 (16%) and 8/100 (8%) among HCC, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and control groups, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the studied groups (p-value 0.008). We also detected P15 hypermethylation in 92/208 (44.2%), 36/108 (33.3%), 20/100 (20%) and 4/100 (4%), respectively (p-value 0.006). In addition, hypermethylation of P73 was detected in 136/208 (65.4%), 72/108 (66.7%), 32/100 (32%) and 4/100 (4%) (p-value <0.001). Also, we detected O6MGMT hypermethylation in 84/208 (40.4%), 60/108 (55.3%), 20/100 (20%) and 4/100 (4%), respectively (p value <0.001. Conclusions: The epigenetic changes observed in this study indicate that HCC tumors exhibit specific DNA methylation signatures with potential clinical applications in diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, methylation frequency could be used to monitor whether a patient with chronic hepatitis C is likely to progress to liver cirrhosis or even HCC. We can conclude that methylation processes are not just early events in hepatocarcinogenesis but accumulate with progression to cancer.