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해외자회사 국제마케팅프로그램 자율성의 결정요인에 관한 동태적 분석
차영진 ( Young Jin Cha ) 한국국제무역학회 2003 國際貿易硏究 = Journal of international trade studies Vol.9 No.2
국제기업의 의사결정과정에서 해외자회사의 경영을 위한 의사결정권한을 모회사에서 집권화 할 것인가 또는 현지 자회사에 위양 할 것인가의 문제는 현지 자회사의 경영관리틀 위한 중요한 과제이다. 이러한 관점에서 본 논문은 한국기업의 해외자회사를 대상으로 하여 모회사와 자회사간의 국제마케팅프로그램에 관련된 의사결정권한의 분배문제, 즉 마케팅프로그램의 자율성정도를 동태적으로 분석하였다. 구체적으로 해외직접투자기간을 1기와 2기로 분류하고, 이 두 기간 동안의 국제마케팅프로그램 의사결경권한의 자율성정도를 비교 분석하여 변수들간의 동태적 관계를 탐색적인 차원에서 규명하였다. 분석결과, 1985년에서 1995년까지의 제1기에 투자된 64개 기업의 경우, 마케팅 차별화전략집단이 제품 · 가격 · 판촉 · 유통 등 마케팅프로그램 자율성을 측정한 네 가지 부문 모두에서 의사결정의 자율성이 높음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 환경의 불확실성이 높은 32개의 고집단이 상대적으로 마케팅프로그램 의사결정 자율성이 높음을 알 수 있다. The most important problem in multinational activities is how to control their foreign subsidiaries in foreign market. The diversity of task environment of subsidiaries located in each foreign markets make it necessary to integrate and coordinate the activities of the each foreign subsidiaries for achieving the unified objectives of multinationals. Therefore, a study on the degree of independent, shared and dominant control of the foreign subsidiary given by parent company in making decision process and what factors influence the degree of the autonomy of foreign subsidiary`s making decision are very important issues for the future research of korean firm`s internationalization. In this view, the purpose of this study focus on to scrutinize The determinants of autonomy of international marketing program in the foreign subsidiary of korean multinationals. The data for this study were collected flour 140 firms in korean multinationals which have own subsidiary in foreign country and data on each variable were gathered through questionnaires. Results from an empirical test indicate that, in the strategic type, the parent which has the differentiation strategy to fit high uncertainty in dynamic environment, will give the automomy of international marketing program to its subsidiary more.
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지역사회 경도인지장애 노인의 작업회상치료 프로그램의 효과
차유진(Yu-Jin Cha) 한국산학기술학회 2016 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.8
본 연구는 지역사회에 거주하는 경도인지장애로 진단받은 노인들을 대상으로 작업회상치료(ORT)를 적용한 후 인지 기능, 신체적 건강상태, 의사소통과 상호작용 기술 및 우울감에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상자는 경도인 지장애 진단받은 만 65세 이상의 노인으로 YW 보건소에 등록되어 정기적으로 내원하는 자로 실험군과 대조군으로 임의로 할당하였고 실험군에게 1주일에 1회, 1시간씩 총 8회기 작업회상치료를 실시하였다. 작업회상치료 프로그램은 대상자들의 개별 인터뷰를 통해 공통으로 경험한 사건 및 활동을 확인하고, 선행 연구에서 사용된 프로그램들에 대한 문헌을 고찰하여 종합한 후 내용타당도 검증을 실시하였다. 작업회상치료가 미치는 효과에 대한 전·후간 차이 검증은 paired t-test, 중재 후 실험군과 대조군 간의 변화량 차이 검증은 Mann-Whitney U 검정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 실험군(n=9)이 대조군(n=9)에 비해 인지기능, 신체적 건강상태, 의사소통과 상호작용 기술 및 우울감에서 유의미한 향상을 보였다. 이로써, 작업회상치료(ORT) 는 경도인지장애 노인의 치매를 예방하고 건강 유지 및 증진에 효과적인 비약물적 치료 방법의 하나로 적극 활용될 수 있기 를 기대한다. This study was conducted to apply occupational reminiscence therapy (ORT) to the elderly diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who reside in the local community and determine its effects on cognitive functions, physical health, communication and interaction skills, and depression. The participants were elderly diagnosed with MCI who visited YW community health center on a regular basis and were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received eight one hour sessions of ORT once a week. Individual interviews were then conducted with the participants to determine if an event or activity had been commonly experienced, after which the program was modified and supplemented as necessary by referring to previous programs. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated, and differences before and after ORT's were identified by paired t-tests. Moreover, the Mann-Whitney U-test was conducted to identify differences in variances between groups. Only participants in the experimental group (n=9) reported significant improvements in cognitive function, physical health status, communication and interaction skills, and depression when compared to those in the control group (n=9). Therefore, it is expected that ORT will be actively used as a non-pharmacological intervention for preventing dementia and improving the health of elderly persons with MCI.
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차강진(Cha Kang-Jin) 한국비교공법학회 2004 공법학연구 Vol.5 No.3
On May 15, 2004, the Constitutional Court ruled that while President Roh Moo-hyun had violated election laws, that was insufficient ground for his impeachment. The court said that Mr. Roh had violated Article 9 of the Act on the Election of Public Officials and the Prevention of Election Malpractices on two occasions in February 2004. The article compels both elected and career government employees to maintain political neutrality. The Constitutional Court decided that the president had violated Articles 66 and 69 of the Constitution by expressing regret over the National Election Commission's warning to him. The two articles stipulate that a president should abide by and uphold the Constitution. The Court said the third violation was Mr. Roh's Oct. 13 proposal for a national referendum on his presidency, interpreting Article 72 of the Constitution as stipulating that a national referendum can be held only on important policy issues involving foreign affairs, defense and reunification. The court dismissed two other charges: implication of Mr. Roh's aides in corruption cases, and economic mismanagement. I think that the Court's ruling does not have persuasive argument in that following points of view. First, is the president a civil servant who falls into the category of civil servants-who need to be politically neutral as defined in the act? The president is the head of the executive branch and hence bears the responsibility of stable policy fulfillment. In order to execute this kind of responsibility, the president, as a political civil servant, needs the support of legislative majority. Hence the president can give his support to a specific political party and ask for support from the people to get legislative majority by expressing his political opinion. Second, the Constitutional Court sentenced that the president's reaction to the National Election Commission ruling on the violation of election laws was not in line with his duty to abide by the Constitution and election law. But even if his remark was intended to express his discontent over the National Election Commission ruling, it is just expression of his political opinion on the possibility of new interpretation of election laws and on the direction of an amendment of current laws. Thus his remark is neither against the principles of law-governed country nor a violation of his duty to protect the Constitution. Third, article 72 of the Constitution states, “The president can put issues related to national security such as diplomatic, defense and unification issues to a national referendum if necessary.” A national referendum applies to making decisions on specific national policies. Thus, a national referendum for confidence vote cannot be regarded as issues related to national security. It means that the president is not endowed with exercising the power to call a national referendum for confidence vote. But the president only suggested a national referendum and did not enforce it. Making the suggestion itself is not against the Constitution until making an announcement of a national referendum for confidence vote and of the date of a national referendum.
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