Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Constituents of the Roots of Aralia continentalis

임현,정현아,최재수,김영식,강삼식,김현표 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.9

To assess the anti-inflammatory activity of the constituents of the roots of Aralia continentalis, ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-oic acid (continentalic acid, pimaradienoic acid, compound I), 7β-hydroxy-ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-oic acid (compound II), 7-oxo-ent-pimara-8(14),15- diene-19-oic acid (compound III), 15α,16α-epoxy-17-hydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (compound IV) and ent-kaura-16-en-19-oic acid (kaurenoic acid, compound V), their inhibitory effects against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-catalyzed PGE2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-catalyzed NO production by lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells were examined. Among the compounds tested, compound III and V moderately inhibited NO production. In addition, compound III weakly inhibited PGE2 production, while treatment with compounds II and IV at concentrations of up to 100 μM had no significant effects. Conversely, compound I only weakly inhibited PGE2 and NO production. To elucidate the mechanism by which these changes occurred, the iNOS down-regulating capacity of compound III was investigated. Western blot analysis and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that compound III weakly inhibited COX-2 and iNOS expression at 50-100 μM, and inhibited NF-κB activation. When in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of compounds I, III and V were examined, intraperitoneal injection of 4-100 mg/kg of compound I and V significantly inhibited carrageenaninduced paw edema in mice, whereas compound III did not. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that some constituents of A. continentalis, especially compounds I, III and V, exert significant anti-inflammatory activity, which suggests that these constituents contribute, at least in part, to the anti-inflammatory action of the roots of A. continentalis.

무인기의 영상기반 위치인식을 위한 이진 기술자를 이용한 실시간 특징점 추적

임현,김현진 한국항공우주학회 2011 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

본 논문에서는 이진 기술자를 이용한 특징점 추적기를 제안한다. 특징점 추적은 영상으로부터 기하학적 정보를 얻기 위하여 반드시 필요한 과정으로 기존에는 정규화된 영상 절편(patch)의 명암도를 이용한 광류(optical flow) 계산이 주로 사용되어 왔다. 하지만 광류 추적법은 많은 계산량을 요구하기 때문에 소형 무인기에 탑재가능한 컴퓨터에서 실현되기 어려운 단점이 있다. 제안하는 방법은 일정 영역의 명암도 영상을 이진 비트열로 변환하는 BRIEF 기술자를 이용하여 매우 빠른 속도로 특징점을 추적할 수 있다. 쿼드로터 무인기에서 촬영된 영상을 이용하여 제안된 특징점 추적기의 성능을 검증하였다. In this paper, a real-time feature tracker based on binary descriptor is proposed. Feature tracking is an essential process to obtain geometric information from an image. Existing feature tracking methods have utilized optical flow using normalized intensity image patch. However, it is difficult to realize those methods using a computer which can be loaded on small UAV due to expensive computation of optical flow. The proposed method can track features very rapidly using BRIEF descriptor which transforms an image patch to a binary sequence. Performance of proposed method is validated using a video sequence captured by a quadrotor UAV.

중앙정부와 지방자치단체 간 협력제도의 법적 과제

임현 한국지방자치법학회 2020 지방자치법연구(地方自治法硏究) Vol.20 No.4

Ensuring the participation and cooperation of local governments in central legislative and policy processes affecting local autonomy is an essential prerequisite for the efficiency of state administration, integration of the state as a whole, and the practical implementation of the local autonomy system. However, the relationship between the state and local governments has been institutionalized mainly as a matter of involvement and supervision of the state's local governments, and the number of cases of conflict between the central government and local governments continues to increase. Based on this awareness of the problem, this paper examines the current status of the central and local cooperation system and related legislative discussions, and presents future directions and tasks. As for the current cooperation system, the committee system of the central government, the national consultative council system of local government heads, etc., general opinion submission procedures, consultation procedures under individual laws, and dispute resolution systems were examined. In addition, for the discussion of related legislation, the contents of the 2018 Presidential bill for constitutional amendment, all amendments to the Local Autonomy Act currently submitted to the National Assembly, and the bill on the composition and operation of the Central Local Cooperation Council were reviewed. In establishing a central and local cooperation system, it is necessary to review the problems and limitations of the current system to compensate for the gap and prevent duplication, and a new cooperation system must be prepared in consideration of these points. In addition, it would be desirable for the system to be designed to enable local participation and cooperation in the entire process of legislation and policies on local autonomy. In addition, it is necessary to consider the subject of the cooperation system as important, and it is necessary to make the composition suitable for the purpose of the individual system, but it is important that the participation and cooperation of the basic local governments are sufficiently guaranteed. In particular, it is necessary not to overlook the will and authority of the basic local government in relation to the regional local government. 지방자치에 영향을 미치는 중앙의 입법과 정책과정에 지방자치단체의 참여와 협력을 보장하는 것은 국정운영의 효율성과 국가 전체의 통합 및 지방자치제의 실질적 구현을 위한 필수적 전제이다. 그러나 국가와 지방자치단체 간의 관계는 주로 국가의 지방자치단체에 대한 관여・감독의 문제로서 제도화되었고, 중앙정부와 지방자치단체 간 갈등사례도 계속해서 증가하는 추세이다. 이러한 문제의식에 기반하여 이 논문에서는 중앙과 지방의 협력제도의 현황과 관련 입법 논의를 살펴보고 앞으로의 방향성과 과제를 제시해보았다. 현행 협력제도로는 중앙정부의 위원회 제도, 지방자치단체장 등의 전국적 협의체제도, 일반적인 의견제출절차, 개별법상의 협의절차, 분쟁해결제도에 대해 살펴보았다. 또한 관련 입법 논의로는 2018년 대통령 개헌안과 지방자치법 전부개정법률 및 현재 국회에서 심의 중인 중앙지방협력회의의 구성 및 운영에 관한 법률안의 내용을 검토하였다. 중앙과 지방의 협력제도를 구축해감에 있어서는 현행 제도의 문제점과 한계를 검토하여 그 공백을 보완하고 중복을 방지하는 것이 필요하며, 새로운 협력제도도 이러한 점을 고려하여 마련되는 것이 필요하다. 또한 지방자치제에 관한 입법과 정책의 전 과정에 있어 지방의 참여와 협력이 가능하도록 제도가 설계되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 더불어 협력제도의 주체가 중요하게 고려되는 것이 필요한데, 개별 제도의 취지에 적합하게 그 구성이 이루어지는 것이 필요할 것이나, 기초지방자치단체의 참여와 협력이 충분히 보장되는 것이 중요하다. 특히 광역지방자치단체와의 관계에서 기초지방자치단체의 의사와 권한이 간과되지 않는 것이 필요하다.

지방자치단체의 기관에 관한 법제의 변화

임현 한국지방자치법학회 2020 한국지방자치법학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2020 No.-

[보고] 한국행정법학회 제54회 학술대회 성과 보고

임현 한국행정법학회 2023 행정법학 Vol.24 No.1

Inhibition of Contact Dermatitis in Animal Models and Suppression of Proinflammatory Gene Expression by Topically Applied Flavonoid, Wogonin

임현,Haeil Park,김현표 대한약학회 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.4

Wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) is a down-regulator of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, contributing to anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. For further characterization of modulatory activity on proinflammatory gene expression in vivo, the effect of wogonin was examined in this experiment using animal models of skin inflammation. By topical application, wogonin inhibited an edematic response as well as proinflammatory gene expression against contact dermatitis in mice. Wogonin inhibited ear edema (19.4- 22.6%) at doses of 50-200 mg/ear and down-regulated interleukin-1b induction (23.1%) at 200 mg/ear in phenol-induced simple irritation. Wogonin (2´50-2´200 mg/ear) also inhibited edematic response (51.2-43.9%) and down-regulated proinflammatory gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1b, interferon-g, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase with some different sensitivity against picryl chloride-induced delayed hypersensitivity reaction. All these results clearly demonstrate that wogonin is a down-regulator of proinflammatory gene expression in animal models of skin inflammation. Therefore, wogonin may have potential for a new anti-inflammatory agent against skin inflammation.

조세법상 신의성실의 원칙

임현 한국토지공법학회 2002 土地公法硏究 Vol.16 No.2

양성 식도 협착

임현 대한상부위장관ㆍ헬리코박터학회 2022 Korean Journal of Helicobacter Upper Gastrointesti Vol.22 No.3

Benign esophageal strictures, characterized by fibrotic narrowing of the esophageal lumen, are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Benign esophageal strictures are associated with a multifactorial etiology and may occur across various age and population groups. Common causes of benign esophageal strictures include gastroesophageal reflux disease (peptic stricture), esophageal injury secondary to surgery (anastomotic strictures), radiotherapy, caustic agent ingestion, or endoscopic resection. Benign esophageal strictures are categorized into simple and complex types based on their size, area involved, surface features, extent of luminal narrowing, and margins. Esophageal strictures often present clinically with dysphagia and may lead to severe complications. Regardless of the underlying cause, therapy is aimed at relief of dysphagia and prevention of stricture recurrence. Benign esophageal strictures are commonly treated using endoscopic balloon or bougie dilation, followed by disease-specific approaches to treat underlying inflammation. However, based on the underlying cause, the risk of recurrence of benign esophageal strictures is 10~30%. Therapeutic options for refractory or recurrent esophageal strictures include endoscopic incisional therapy, esophageal stent placement, or intralesional injection of steroids or mitomycin C. The pathophysiology of esophageal strictures is complicated, and thorough understanding and patient cooperation are important for optimal management. Physicians should familiarize themselves with the various dilation strategies available and their application for management of specific types of stenotic lesions. In this article, we review the evaluation and management of patients with esophageal strictures.

출판물을 활용한 한국어 교육 방안 연구 : 드라마 <디어 마이 프렌즈> 대본집의 ‘-은/는데’ 표현을 중심으로

임현 한국출판학회 2019 한국출판학연구 Vol.45 No.3

The purpose of this study is to provide the effective Korean language education for Korean learners by analyzing scripts of drama <Dear My Friends>. As a grammatical element, I focused on the expression of '-eun/neunde' which is the connective ending point. First, the term '- /,' which is used as the sentence-closing ending, can be used in various situations, which means the extended meaning of 'background', 'detailed explanation', 'reason', and 'contrast'. Second, it was effective to use drama scripts rather than a grammar textbook in Korean language education to learn conversation in some contexts and situations. Third, the dramatic scripts in which the speakers and listeners of various social relations appeared play a role not only as a publication of texts but also as contents reflecting Korean culture.

국가 입법과정에 대한 지방자치단체의 참여

임현 한국지방자치법학회 2014 지방자치법연구(地方自治法硏究) Vol.14 No.1