코로나19 뉴스의 국내외 위기대응 책임 프레임이 타국민에 대한 처벌 정책 지지에 미치는 영향 : 집단 나르시시즘의 매개효과 중심

임인재(In-jae Lim),심민선(Minsun Shim),이철주(Chul-joo Lee) 한국언론학회 2022 한국언론학보 Vol.66 No.3

Despite the important role of news media in assisting people in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic at both national and global levels, the observed trends of news coverage are not always appropriate for serving the role. In the early phase of COVID-19, news coverage in Korea often criticized the way in which foreign countries responded to COVID-19, compared with how well our own country handled pandemic response. For example, it was often reported in a negative light that European and North American countries were reluctant to adopt collective response strategies or strict measures (e.g., mask wearing, social distancing, and tracking of confirmed patients’ trajectories), as opposed to Korea and Asian countries, to reduce the spread of the virus. These news trends of criticizing foreign countries might be effective in enhancing national esteem for a short period; however, such news may have undesirable effects causing conflicts among domestic and foreign people and eventually interfering with global collaboration to implement regulations or policies in combating the pandemic. In view of this, the objective of this study was to examine how news reports on COVID-19 responses in domestic and foreign countries influence people’s attitude and support for governmental punitive policies toward foreigners. In particular, this study examined the role of responsibility frames (people versus government) in news that praise Korea’s successful response to COVID-19 while criticizing foreign countries’ response. Specifically, we examined the effects of 2 responsibility frames praising Korea’s response (people versus government) and 2 responsibility frames criticizing foreign countries’ response (people versus government) on collective narcissism and support for punitive policies toward foreigners in Korea. The mediating role of collective narcissism in the effects of news on punitive policy support was also examined. We conducted an online experiment, using a 2×2 factorial design. Study participants (N=400) were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions: Korean people × foreign people, Korean people × foreign government, Korean government × foreign people, and Korean government × foreign government responsibility frame conditions. The results showed that neither the responsibility frames on Korea’s response nor the responsibility frames on foreign countries’ response had significant main effects on collective narcissism and punitive policy support. However, their interaction effect on collective narcissism was significant. Specifically, among those who read news with the foreign people responsibility frame, the Korean government responsibility frame increased collective narcissism significantly more than the Korean people responsibility frame. With respect to the mediating role of collective narcissism, the effect of the Korean government (as opposed to people) responsibility frame on increasing support for punitive policy was significantly mediated via collective narcissism in the condition of the foreign people responsibility frame; by contrast, such mediation effect was not significant in the condition of the foreign government responsibility frame. Theoretical and social implications based on the results are discussed, and future research is also suggested.

판타지 드라마 주인공의 초현실적 능력과 몰입

임인재(In Jae Lim),나은영(Eun-Yeong Na),김승현(Seung Hyun Kim) 서울대학교 언론정보연구소 2019 언론정보연구 Vol.56 No.2

본 연구는 판타지 드라마 주인공의 초현실적 능력이 드라마 몰입에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고, 그 과정에서 의사사회적 상호작용과 판타지 충족감이 매개효과를 보이는지 분석하였다. 실험 1에서는 드라마 ‘도깨비’에서 주인공의 초현실적 능력이 높은 장면과 낮은 장면을 추출한 뒤 330명을 대상으로 유사 실험 연구를 진행했다. 그 결과, 주인공의 초현실적 능력은 드라마 몰입도에 정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 그 과정에서 의사사회적 상호작용은 매개효과를 보이지 않았지만 판타지 충족감은 부분적인 매개효과를 보였다. 실험 1의 단점을 보완하고 결론의 일반화 가능성을 높이기 위해 실험 2에서는 ‘도깨비’보다 상대적으로 시청률과 인지도가 낮은 판타지 드라마 ‘별에서 온 그대’, ‘W(더블유)’를 선정해 유사 실험 연구를 진행했다. 각 드라마에서 주인공의 초현실적 능력이 높은 장면과 낮은 장면을 추출해 설문을 실시한 결과(N=320), 집단(고초능력 집단 vs 저초능력 집단)에 따라 드라마 몰입도 차이가 유의미하여, 등장인물의 초현실적 능력이 높을수록 드라마 몰입도가 높아졌다. 의사사회적 상호작용과 판타지 충족감은 각각 부분 매개 효과를 보였다. 초현실적 능력을 보이는 등장인물은 의사사회적 상호작용을 매개로 몰입도에 부정적인 영향을, 판타지 충족감을 매개로 몰입도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. This study explored the effect of protagonists’ surrealistic power for the immersion in fantasy drama and analyzed the mediation effect of parasocial interaction and fantasy fulfillment. Through the study 1, we extracted several scenes which shows protagonists’ high and low surrealistic power from the soap opera ‘Goblin’ and searched the quasi-experiment study for 330 subjects. It came down to the following conclusions. First, it has shown that protagonists’ surrealistic power effects on the immersion positively and fantasy fulfillment has the mediation effect partially even though parasocial is not related to the mediation effect. In Study 1, considering the fact that there was no difference among the groups(high surrealistic power vs low surrealistic power) due to the high awareness of the participants, in Study 2, we conducted a quasiexperiment study by selecting the fantasy drama ‘My Love from the Star’ and ‘W(W)’, which have a relatively lower viewer ratings than ‘Goblin’. As a result of the surveys (N= 320), we found that the drama immersion difference was significant according to the group(high surrealistic power vs low surrealistic power). The higher the surrealistic power of the drama, the higher the drama immersion. Parasocial interaction and fantasy fulfillment were partially mediated. The characters with surrealistic ability had a negative influence on immersion through mediation of parasocial interaction, and positive influence on immersion through mediation of fantasy fulfillment. 본 연구는 판타지 드라마 주인공의 초현실적 능력이 드라마 몰입에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고, 그 과정에서 의사사회적 상호작용과 판타지 충족감이 매개효과를 보이는지 분석하였다. 실험 1에서는 드라마 ‘도깨비’에서 주인공의 초현실적 능력이 높은 장면과 낮은 장면을 추출한 뒤 330명을 대상으로 유사 실험 연구를 진행했다. 그 결과, 주인공의 초현실적 능력은 드라마 몰입도에 정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 그 과정에서 의사사회적 상호작용은 매개효과를 보이지 않았지만 판타지 충족감은 부분적인 매개효과를 보였다. 실험 1의 단점을 보완하고 결론의 일반화 가능성을 높이기 위해 실험 2에서는 ‘도깨비’보다 상대적으로 시청률과 인지도가 낮은 판타지 드라마 ‘별에서 온 그대’, ‘W(더블유)’를 선정해 유사 실험 연구를 진행했다. 각 드라마에서 주인공의 초현실적 능력이 높은 장면과 낮은 장면을 추출해 설문을 실시한 결과(N=320), 집단(고초능력 집단 vs 저초능력 집단)에 따라 드라마 몰입도 차이가 유의미하여, 등장인물의 초현실적 능력이 높을수록 드라마 몰입도가 높아졌다. 의사사회적 상호작용과 판타지 충족감은 각각 부분 매개 효과를 보였다. 초현실적 능력을 보이는 등장인물은 의사사회적 상호작용을 매개로 몰입도에 부정적인 영향을, 판타지 충족감을 매개로 몰입도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. This study explored the effect of protagonists’ surrealistic power for the immersion in fantasy drama and analyzed the mediation effect of parasocial interaction and fantasy fulfillment. Through the study 1, we extracted several scenes which shows protagonists’ high and low surrealistic power from the soap opera ‘Goblin’ and searched the quasi-experiment study for 330 subjects. It came down to the following conclusions. First, it has shown that protagonists’ surrealistic power effects on the immersion positively and fantasy fulfillment has the mediation effect partially even though parasocial is not related to the mediation effect. In Study 1, considering the fact that there was no difference among the groups(high surrealistic power vs low surrealistic power) due to the high awareness of the participants, in Study 2, we conducted a quasiexperiment study by selecting the fantasy drama ‘My Love from the Star’ and ‘W(W)’, which have a relatively lower viewer ratings than ‘Goblin’. As a result of the surveys (N= 320), we found that the drama immersion difference was significant according to the group(high surrealistic power vs low surrealistic power). The higher the surrealistic power of the drama, the higher the drama immersion. Parasocial interaction and fantasy fulfillment were partially mediated. The characters with surrealistic ability had a negative influence on immersion through mediation of parasocial interaction, and positive influence on immersion through mediation of fantasy fulfillment.

태풍 재난 보도 프레임과 구체적 감정의 차별적 영향 : 유발된 슬픔과 분노의 매개효과 중심

임인재(In Jae Lim),나은영(Eun-Yeong Na) 한국언론학회 2019 한국언론학보 Vol.63 No.3

The study investigates the different impacts of the typhoon disaster report frame (episodic focus vs fact focus) on discrete negative emotions(fear/worry/sadness/anger) and risk perception. Also the mediating effects of negative emotions and risk perception were examined in the process of revealing the relationship between the types of typhoon disaster reporting and behavioral intentions, and whether the mediating effects of negative emotions and risk perception are controlled by cultural worldviews (hierarchist/individualist/egalitarian/fatalist). Participants in the experiment (N=320) were divided into two groups. As a results, the occurrence of sadness, anger, and risk perception in the episodic frame group was significantly higher than that of the fact frame group. The reporting frame had a positive effect indirectly on the preventive behavioral intention through the sadness, and had a positive influence indirectly on the avoidance behavioral intention through anger. In addition, the reporting frame indirectly influenced the precautionary intention through risk perception. Individualist in the four cultural worldviews moderated the mediating effect of sadness. This study examined the differential effects of discrete emotions, such as sadness and anger, in the process of framing affecting risk behavioral intentions. This means that the framing effect of disaster news is extended to the emotional response as well as the cognitive dimension of the people. In addition, it is meaningful to prove that the cultural worldview acts as a moderating variable in the process of the framing effect of disaster news.

재난 보도 프레임이 수용자 감정과 인지에 미치는 영향 : 구체적 감정의 매개효과, 미디어 양식과 위험 신호가능성의 조절효과 중심

임인재(In-jae Lim) 한국언론학회 2020 한국언론학보 Vol.64 No.4

The study investigated the different impacts of the disaster reporting types (episodic frame vs. numeric frame) on cognitive appraisals and negative emotions. The mediating effects of negative emotions and cognitive appraisals were explored in the process of revealing the relationship between the types of disaster reporting and behavioral intentions (prevention, avoidance, punishment, and social participatory). Also, the moderating effects of a media variable (media modality, video vs. text) and non-media variable (signal potential of risk, high vs. low) were explored. Particulate matter and forest-fire disaster coverages were studied (N = 576). A total of eight stimuli were made for each experimental condition. Among the negative emotions, fear, anxiety, sadness, and anger were targeted. The cognitive appraisals consisted of psychological distance, ego involvement, and responsible attribution (others, environment). As a result, episodic frames had a greater impact on cognitive appraisals and negative emotions than numeric frames had. Also, the direct mediating effects of cognitive appraisals (psychological distance, ego involvement) and discrete negative emotions (fear, anxiety, sadness) caused by episodic frames were significant. In particular, the sadness and anxiety caused by episodic frames had a positive effect on preventive behavioral intention, and the fear induced by episodic frames had a positive effect on avoidance and social participatory behavioral intentions. Among cognitive appraisals, psychological distance and ego involvement had a positive effect on preventive behavioral intention. The dual mediating effects of cognitive appraisals and negative emotions were significant. Specifically, the mediation path of ‘cognitive appraisal→ negative emotion’ was significant, and the mediation path of ‘negative emotion→cognitive appraisal’ was partially significant. The moderated mediation effects of media modality and signal potential of risk were confirmed. Based on these results, this study suggested that disaster reports should be delivered in a frame that arouses medium-level of arousal emotions (sadness, anxiety), including stories of individuals who have experienced disaster damage. It was also concluded that the media modality of video is more effective in promoting preventive behavioral intention. In addition, this study suggested that the qualitative characteristics of the disaster (signal potential of risk) can be a moderating variable that influences the effectiveness of the disaster reporting framing. This study showed that psychological distance can be one of the cognitive appraisals that has a significant effect on the emotional response (fear, anxiety, sadness, and anger) to disaster reporting. Finally, this study is meaningful by extending the cognitive framing effect on disaster reporting to an emotional framing effect through empirical studies. Research implications based on the results were discussed and further ramifications were suggested.

지진 위험 정보 유형에 따른 공중의 반응 연구

임인재(In Jae Lim),김영욱(Yung wook Kim) 한국언론정보학회 2018 한국언론정보학보 Vol.91 No.-

본 연구는 귀인이론에서 비롯되는 구별성(distinctiveness)의 개념을 지진 피해 정보에 적용해, 구별성을 가진 메시지가 감정과 예방 및 회피 행동에 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 지진 정보 유형(고구별성 vs 저구별성)이 예방 및 회피행동에 영향을 미치는 데 있어, 부정적 감정(공포/걱정/슬픔)이 매개효과를 보이는지 검증해 보았다. 그리고 부정적 감정의 매개효과를 문화적 세계관(위계주의자/개인주의자/평등주의자/운명주의자)이 조절하는지도 살펴보았다. 실험참여자(N = 224)를 두 개 집단으로 나눈 후 각각 고구별성 정보, 저구별성 정보를 보게 한 후 설문에 응답하게 했다. 그 결과, 정보의 구별성이 높고 낮음에 따라 부정적 감정 발생은 차이가 있었다. 지진 피해 정보가 예방 및 회피행동에 영향을 미치는 데 있어, 부정적 감정은 간접적인 매개효과를 보였다. 그리고 위계주의자 성향이 낮은 개인들에게서 부정적 감정의 간접효과가 나타났으며, 개인주의자 성향이 높은 개인들에게서도 부정적 감정의 간접효과가 나타났다. 평등주의자 성향이 높은 개인들에게서는 부정적 감정의 완전 매개효과가 나타났다. 운명주의자 성향이 높은 개인들에게서 부정적 감정의 간접효과가 나타났다. 이런 결과들은 향후 지진 위험 메시지를 구성할 때 구별성의 개념을 적용하는 것이 필요하며, 위험 판단 및 행동에 있어 감정은 중요한 매개변수로 작용한다는 것을 의미한다. 그리고 이러한 과정에서 문화적 세계관이 유의미한 조절 효과를 발휘한다는 것을 보여준다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 이론적인 발전 가능성과 적용 방법에 대해서 논의했다. This study applied the concept of distinctiveness derived from attribution theory to earthquake damage information, and explored whether messages with distinctiveness affect emotions, prevention, and avoidance behaviors. Also this study examined whether negative emotions (fear / anxiety / sadness) have mediating effects between earthquake information types (high distinctiveness vs low distinctiveness) and prevention and avoidance behaviors, and whether the mediating effects of negative emotions are controlled by cultural worldviews (hierarchist / individualist / egalitarian / fatalist). Participants in the experiment (N = 224) were divided into two groups, which include high and low distinctiveness groups. Study results showed that negative emotions were differentiated by the high and low level of information distinctiveness. The negative emotions showed indirect mediating effects between earthquake information types and prevention and avoidance behaviors. The moderating mediation effect of cultural worldviews was confirmed. Indirect effects of negative emotions appeared only in individuals with low hierarchical, high individualistic and high fatalistic tendencies. Also individuals with high egalitarian tendencies showed full mediating effects of negative emotions. These results indicate that the concept of distinctiveness must be applied when earthquake-related risk messages are constructed. And emotions and cultural worldviews should be considered as important factors for risk decision-making and behavior changes. Based on these results, theoretical ramifications and applications were discussed.

모국어 화자와 외국인 학습자의 한국어 접사형태 처리 : 점화실험을 중심으로

안희돈(Ahn Hee Don),임인재(Lim In jae),전문기(Jean Moon gee),한정임(Han Jeong Im),황종배(Hwang Jong Bai),홍우평(Hong U pyong) 건국대학교 통일인문학연구단 2009 통일인문학 Vol.48 No.-

본 논문의 목적은 한국어의 조사와 어미에 대하여 모국어(L1) 화자와 제2언어(L2) 학습자가 이 두 문법적 범주를 어떻게 표상, 처리(processing)하는지 고찰하려는데 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 전통적으로 심리언어학 분야에서 많이 사용해 왔던 점화효과(priming effect)를 측정하는 반응시간(reaction time)을 활용한 실험 방법을 고찰하고 이러한 점화효과 실험에 관한 아이디어를 제공하는데 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 언어인지 실험에서 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 두 가지 방법, 즉 감각영역의 통합적 점화(cross-modal priming)와 차폐 점화(masked priming) 방법을 고찰한다. 이러한 이론적, 학문적 목적 외에 본 논문은 다양한 언어권의 L2 학습자들이 한국어 형태습득(morphological acquisition)을 함에 있어서 모국어가 어떠한 영향을 끼칠수 있는지, 조사와 선어말 및 어말 어미와 관련된 중간언어(interlanguage)는 어떠한 특질을 가질수 있는지 등의 외국어 습득과 관련된 근본적인 문제를 고찰하고 더 나아가 이들 범주에 대한 효과적인 한국어 교수법을 개발하기 위한 자료를 구축하는데 적용되는 시사점을 제공해 주는데 있다. The role that morphology can play in the human language processing system has been an important research topic in the cognitive psychology of language during the last years. Much psycholinguistic research has been devoted to the question of whether or not morphologically structured representations are utilized when processing inflected ([kiss]-ed) or derived (un-[happy]) words in real time. In this article, we plan to examine the issues specifically related to inflectional (nominal and verbal) morphology of Korean and its role with respect to L1 and L2 processing. A series of diverse priming experiments will be proposed to show to what extent morphologically complex words in Korean are lexically represented in L1 and L2 speakers in terms of their morphological structure.

고등학교 영어 교과서 읽기 자료의 코퍼스 언어학적 비교 분석

전문기(Jeon, Moon-Gee),임인재(Lim, In - Jae) 한국외국어교육학회 2010 Foreign languages education Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the linguistic features of Korean high school English textbooks to explore similarities and differences of the textbooks developed for the revised national curriculum. For this study, we created a corpus of the reading text materials from seven textbooks and analyzed it using Coh-Metrix, a comprehensive computer tool with a rich set of linguistic measures. The results showed that the ba ic counts, word frequency, readability, syntactic complexity, lexical diversity, semantic cohesion, and coreferential cohesion measures of the reading materials varied greatly across textbooks, indicating the lack of specific guidelines and an evaluating tool to control linguistic feature of text materials. Given these results, implications were drawn regarding the benefit of a corpus-based tool for more effective textbook development.

한국어 체언-조사의 결합에 대한 제2언어 학습자의 인식 연구

황종배 ( Jong Bai Hwang ),안희돈 ( Hee Don Ahn ),한정임 ( Jeong Im Han ),임인재 ( In Jae Lim ),심창용 ( Chang Yong Shim ),조성은 ( Sung Eun Cho ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2009 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.44

This study aimed to explore how L2 learners of Korean recognize different types of Korean nominal suffixes depending on their L1 and Korean proficiency. 97 Japanese, Chinese, and Korean college students participated in a grammaticality judgement test of Korean noun-affix combination. The results show that participants`` judgement and reaction time were marginally influenced by their L1 and Korean proficiency. However, relative frequency of nominal suffixes in corpus was a stronger predictor for L2 learners`` errors. This suggests L2 learners`` morphological processing of Korean nominal suffixes change during acquisition from decomposition to full-form processing due to frequency effects.