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Direct 반송방식에 기반을 둔 300mm FAB Line 시뮬레이션
이홍순,한영신,이칠기,Lee, Hong-Soon,Han, Young-Shin,Lee, Chil-Gee 한국시뮬레이션학회 2006 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.2
현재 반도체 산업은 200mm 웨이퍼에서 300mm 웨이퍼 공정으로 기술이 변화하고 있다. 300mm 웨이퍼 제조업체들은 Fabrication Line (FAB Line) 자동화를 비용절감 실현의 방책으로 사용하고 있다. 또한 기술의 확산, 시장 경쟁력의 격화 등으로 생산성 향상에 의한 원가절감이 반도체 산업 성장의 근본요인이 되고 있다. 대부분의 반도체 업체들은 생산성을 높이기 위해 average cycle time을 줄이는데 총력을 기울이고 있다. 본 논문에서는 average cycle time을 줄이는 데 중점을 두고, 300mm 반도체 제조공정을 시뮬레이션 하였다. Production environment of semiconductor industry is shifting from 200mm wafer process to 300mm wafer process. In the new era of semiconductor industry, FAB (fabrication) Line Automation is a key issue that semiconductor industry is facing in shifting from 200mm wafer fabrication to 300mm wafer fabrication. In addition, since the semiconductor manufacturing technologies are being widely spread and market competitions are being stiffened, cost-down techniques became basis of growth. Most companies are trying to reduce average cycle time to increase productivity and delivery time. In this paper, we simulated 300mm wafer fabrication semiconductor manufacturing process by laying great emphasis on reduce average cycle time.
관동맥조영동안 심전도변화와 QT 간격 증가의 임상적 의의
이범우(Bum Woo Lee),성상규(Sang Kyu Sung),이은주(Eun Joo Lee),장대환(Dae Hwan Jang),이홍순(Hong Soon Lee),이학중(Hak Choong Lee) 대한내과학회 1988 대한내과학회지 Vol.34 No.3
N/A We studied the electrocardiographic changes which were induced by injection of radiopaque contrast media during selective coronary angiography in 16 patients with chest pain. Electrocardiograms were obtained before, during and after selective coronary angiography. Electrocardiographic changes were a according to kinds and numbers of diseased coronary vessels. After selective coronary angiography, electrocardiographic finding showed more frequent changes of T wave than those of S-T segment in 12-standard lead. And there was no difference of electrocardiographic changes between normal groups and abnormal groups of coronary angiograhic finding. During coronary angiography, prolongation of Q-T interval was initiated about 4 sec after contrast media was injected into coronary artery and persisted for 8 see nearly. Also Q-T interval was significantly prolonged during coronary angiography when was compared with precoronary angiography (p<0.01). We concluded that changes of T wave were more prominent and prolongation of Q-T interval could be warning sign of ventricular fibrillation.
Eschscholtzia californica의 현탁 세포배양에서 질소원 조절에 의한 세포 성장 및 Benzo[c]phenanthridine Alkaloids 생산량 향상
이송은(Song-Eun Lee),이홍순(Hong Soon Rhee),손석영(Seok-Young SON),박종문(Jong Moon Park) 한국생물공학회 2009 KSBB Journal Vol.24 No.2
본 연구에서는 Eschscholtzia californica의 이차 대사산물인 benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids의 생산량을 향상시키기 위해 주요 영양성분인 질소원 농도를 조절하여 배지의 조성을 최적화하였다. 그 결과, 질산과 암모늄 이온의 초기 농도 비율은 세포 성장과 alkaloids 생산량 증대에 중요한 영향을 미치는 인자로서 작용함을 볼 수 있었다. 총 질소 농도를 standard MS배지의 총 질소원 농도와 동일하게 유지하고 (60 mM), 농도 비율 다양하게 조절했을 때, 세포 성장과 alkaloids 생산량은 질산과 암모늄 이온을 각각 단독으로 이용할 때 보다 효율적으로 증대함을 볼 수 있었다. 최대 성장 (9.84 g DCW/L)과 alkaloids 생산량 (60.72 mg/L)은 50:10의 비율에서 나타났으며, 농도 비율의 감소는 세포 성장을 억제하고 alkaloids 생산량을 감소 시켰다. 또한, 질산과 암모늄 이온이 세포 성장과 alkaloids 생산량에 미치는 영향력을 보다 명확히 확인하기 위해 질산 이온과 암모늄 이온 농도를 각각 조절한 결과, 암모늄 이온이 증가할수록 alkaloids 생산량은 비슷하나, 세포 성장은 감소하였으며, 또한, 질산 이온의 농도를 증가시킬수록 세포 성장은 비슷한 값을 나타내었지만, alkaloids 생산량은 다양한 차이를 나타내었다. 본 실험에서 세포성장과 alkaloids 생산량에 적합한 농도는 50:25 (mol/mol) 비율 에서 나타났으며, 본 실험을 통해 Eschscholtzia californica의 현탁 세포배양에서 질소원 농도의 조절을 통한 외부 환경 조절은 세포 성장과 alkaloids 향상에 매우 효과적이며, 소량의 암모늄 이온의 첨가 시 질산 이온 농도조절은 세포 성장을 억제하지 않으면서 alkaloids 생산량을 유도하는데 적합한 이온임을 확인하였다. The effect of nitrogen source on cell growth and benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids production by modifying NO₃-:NH₄+ ratio in cell suspension culture of Eschscholtzia californica was investigated. When total nitrogen concentration is maintained (60 mM), maximum benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids production is about 60.72 mg/L at 50:10 (mol/mol). This productivity was 3.8 times higher than that obtained when cells were grown instandard MS medium. The decrease of NO₃-:NH₄+ ratio at 60 mM of total nitrogen caused the decline of both growth and benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids production. Under the same concentration of NO₃- (50 mM), higher concentration of NH₄+ inhibited cell growth strongly but induced alkaloids production slightly. Also, under the same concentration of NH₄+ (25 mM), higher concentration of NO₃- induced alkaloids production strongly but high concentration of NO₃- (≥100 mM) interfered alkaloids instead. Maximum benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids production is about 62.71 mg/L at 50:25 (mol/mol). These results suggest that higher biomass and higher alkaloids production could be obtained by optimizing each nitrogen concentration as well as NO₃-:NH₄+ ratio in the culture medium. Nitrate and ammonium in culture medium have distinct role in the regulation of growth and alkaloids production; ammonium had a strong influence on growth while nitrate had an influence on alkaloids production.
이창원(Chang Won Lee),장덕환(Duk Whan Jang),백인석(In Seok Baek),김장원(Jang Won Kim),배순철(Soon Chul Bae),김철우(Cheol Woo Kim),권재구(Jae Koo Kweon),최락경(Rak Kyeong Choi),이무용(Moo Yong Rhee),이홍순(Hong Soon Lee),유수웅(Soo Wo 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.52 No.4
N/A Objectives: Signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) has been found to be a useful noninvasive technique for identifying patients at risk for life-threatening ventricular tachycardia. Delayed and fragmented activation of abnormal myocardial tissues causes the occurrence of high frequency low amplitude (HFLA) electocardiographic signals or late potentials. Generally, there are two methods in analyzing signal-averaged electrocardiography. Late potentials in the time domain analysis do not provide sufficient diagnostic power with regard to life-threatening Ventricular tachycardia. Buckingham et al. (1989) reported a time-domain sensitivity of 62%, a specificity of 75%. Spectral turbulence analysis (STA) of the signal-averaged ECG is the most recent frequency domain technique to improve the time domain sensitivity and specificity. So, We designed the study to compare the efficacy of Time Domain Analysis and Spectral Turbulence Analysis among five groups (Normal control, QRS widening, Postmyocardial infarction, Frequent VPC's with group beats, Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia). Methods: 88 patients were selected from the patients who had been admitted between January 1994 and October l994, at National Medical Center. Patients were divided into five groups, which were respectively, Group A: Normal control group (n=33), Group B: QRS widening group (n=14), Group C: Postmyocardial infarction group (n=10), Group D: Frequent VPC's with group beats (n=22), Group E: Nonsustained VT group (n=9). We compared Spectral Turbulence Analysis and Time Domain Analysis of Signal-Averaged Electrocardiogram by 24 hours-Holter monitoring. Results: 1) In normal control group(Group A), 9.1%(3 patients) were positive by Time Domain Analysis, but, all were negative by Spectral Turbulence An- alysis. 2) In QRS widening group (Group B), 71.4%(10 patients) were positive by Time Domain Analysis, but, all were negative by Spectral Turbulence Analysis. 3) In postmyocardial infarction group (Group C), 309o were positive by Time Domain Analysis, and 10% were positive by Spectral Turbulence Analysis. 4) In frequent VPC's group (Group D), 22.7% (5 patients) were positive by Time Domain Analysis, and, 4.5%(1 patient) was positive by Spectral Tur-bulence Analysis. 5) In Nonsustained VT group (Group E), 33.3% (3 patients) were positive by Time Domain Analysis, and 11.1% (1 patient) was positive by Spectral Turbulence Analysis. Conclusions: In Time Domain Analysis, abnormal results were presented at Group R (QRS widening group) by 71.4%, which was markedly higher than other groups. But, in Spectral Turbulence Analysis, abnormal results were not presented at Group A and Group B. In Group A and Group B, Spectral Turbulence Analysis shows less false positive results than Time Domain Analysis.