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국제학술회의 참관기 - 제17차 세계 내비뇨기 및 충격파 쇄석술회의
이형래,Lee, Hyeong-Rae 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1999 과학과 기술 Vol.32 No.11
제17차 세계 내비뇨기 및 충격파 쇄석술 회의가 지난 9월2일부터 4일간 그리스의 세계적 휴양지 로도스섬에서 1천4백여명이 참석한 가운데 열렸다. 우리나라에서 19명이 참석하여 12편의 논문이 발표된 이번 학술회의는 '방광결석의 치료에 대한 역사적 고찰'이 참석자들의 큰 관심을 끌었다.
이형래 ( Hyung Rae Lee ),김미선 ( Mi Sun Kim ),한태영 ( Tae Young Han ),손숙자 ( Sook Ja Son ),이현경 ( Hyun Kyung Lee ),이홍선 ( Hong Sun Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2012 대한피부과학회지 Vol.50 No.3
Background: Recently, tattooing of the body has become popular, and its associated psychological, sociological, and cultural implications have changed compared to past years. However, little is known about the current clinical features, including motive and satisfaction for having a tattoo, because of societal repulsions toward the practice. Objective: To evaluate the clinical manifestations of tattooed young Korean males and to compare the findings with previous studies. Methods: Between September 2010 and July 2011, 223 patients with tattoos who visited the Eulji Medical Center and Armed Forces Yangju Hospital were selected. The patients were evaluated through a self-administrated questionnaire and physical examinations. Results: The majority of patients were classified into the did not complete university education group (56.1%). Most tattooed males had two living parents (83.4%) and were raised in households whose income statuses were not marked by poverty. The average age at which their first tattoo was received was 19.0 years. Most tattooed males had a negative attitude towards their tattoos (67.3%). The most common motivation for getting a tattoo was curiosity, but cosmetic purposes were also important (19.4%). A majority of the tattooing was conducted by a tattoo artist (73.3%). The most common tattoo content was letters. Black-colored tattoos were most frequently observed. The complication rate was 13.9%. The most common motivation for tattoo removal was negative comments that were made at work, in public, and in school (38.2%). Conclusion: Recent patterns of tattooing have changed significantly since previous reports. The satisfaction rate in getting a tattoo was not favorable. Understanding the current clinical features related to tattooing is important and it is necessary for dermatologists to provide professional advice regarding tattooing among young males. (Korean J Dermatol 2012;50(3):212~219)
남강수중보의 기존 전면월류형 계단식 어도의 효율성 개선에 관한 연구
이형래 ( Hyeong Rae Lee ),김기흥 ( Ki Heung Kim ),박호철 ( Ho Chul Park ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2014 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.17 No.2
A river fishway is a hydraulic structure enabling fish to overcome stream obstructions such as dams and weirs. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the collectibility of upstream-migrating fishes and hydraulic problems in pool-and-weir type fishway which has been established for upstream-migration at Namgang weir in the downstream of Namgang dam, and to grope for improvement measures which pool-and-weir type fishway can be switched to pool-and-partial weir type fishway through hydraulic field experiment. Exsisting fishway had problems which upstream-migrating fishes can not take a rest due to the seiche and vortex phenomena in pools and migrate to upstream because of height difference in entrance pool. In order to prevent hydraulically the seiche and vortex phenomena and establish rest area for fishes in each pool, we carried out hydraulic field experiments. In the fishway, it was to improve pool-and-weir into pool-and-partil weir, to decrease the height difference in entrance pool, and to reduce oriffice velocity of each pool. Also, we investigated fishes collectibility of after improving fishway for 6 days in September 2013. To resolve chronic problems(seiche-vortex phenomena and rest area for fishes), as weirs were remodeled into partial weir only which central part of weirs was part of non-overflow weir, we confirmed results that pool-and-weir type fishway could be switched to efficient pool-and-partial weir type fishway with relatively simple construction and low cost. Type-B which has the closed oriffices and the parts of non-overflow has the ideal conditions, but this conditions are limited to fishway of Namgang weir used in this study. Representative Ice-habor type fishway is pool-and-partial weir type fishway which has together parts of overflow and oriffices, and has excellent ability of upstream-migration. To switch from pool-and-weir type fishway to pool-and-partial weir type fishway, the size of oriffice has to be regulated by the discharge of fishway and the dimension on parts of non-overflow and overflow in weirs. Entrance pool is important facility which upstream-migrating fishes have to not only be collect but also charge with energy. In this study, entrance-pool is temporary and roughly-built, but fishes gather together more than the case of no entrance-pool. In the case of fishway which was protruded to downstream, as entrance of fishway turns toward or parallels to weir, the collectibility of fishway was excellent by attraction water.
국가 수준 국어/언어 능력 검사의 비판적 검토 ; 직업문식성 평가로서의 9급 공무원 임용 국어 시험 분석 연구
이형래 ( Hyeong Rae Lee ) 국어교육학회 2008 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.31 No.-
공무원 임용 국어 시험은 공무원의 직업문식성을 평가하는 시험으로 타당하지 않다. 공무원의 업무가 듣기, 말하기, 읽기, 쓰기로 이루어지는 데 이들 능력을 평가하지 못하고 있다. 공무원의 직업문식성을 평가할 수 있도록 공무원 임용 시험은 개선되어야 한다. 9급 공무원 채용 국어 시험은 문법 지식, 문학 감상 문항이 대부분이다. 공무원은 듣고, 말하고, 읽고, 쓰는 언어 사용 행위를 통합적으로 수행한다. 따라서 9급 공무원 국어 시험은 공무원의 직업문식성을 평가할 수 있도록 개선되어야 한다. 9급 공무원 국어 시험이 공무원의 직업문식성으로서 타당하고 신뢰할 수 있는 평가가 되기 위해서는 첫째, 공무원의 직무를 정확하게 분석해야 한다. 둘째, 지식, 암기 중심의 평가에서 사고력 평가로 변화하기 위해서는 문항 수를 늘리고, 긴 지문을 활용한 종합적인 국어 능력을 평가해야 한다. 셋째, 실제 평가를 실행하기 위해 공무원이 업무를 처리하면서 접하는 다양한 매체를 평가 자료로 활용하도록 해야 한다. 넷째, 정확한 언어 사용이 중요한 만큼 공무원에게 필요한 문법 지식에 관한 수준, 범위, 내용 등을 파악하기 위한 실질적인 연구가 필요하다. The purpose of the study was to analyze the selection exam for civil servants as job literacy evaluation in the Republic of Korea. Job literacy which is a type of adult literacy directly related to the ability to effectively do one`s duties. The civil services require listening, speaking, reading, writing that means ability of job literacy. According to the analysis of the selection exam for Grade 9, the selection exam for Grade 9 did not appropriately evaluate the required job literacy. It asked for fragmentary knowledge based on memorization skills and knowledge. Exam for civil servants needs to evaluate job literacy of the authentic abilities required in the workplace. It meant that the current exam for the civil servants did not work for selecting the most qualified civil servants. Therefore the current Hanja-centered exam, knowledgecentered exam of the study of the Korean language and Korean literature for the civil servants to evaluate job literacy for the civil servants is in need of changing extensively.
기존 어도의 개선에 관한 조사 연구 - 우리나라 동해안 하류 하천 내 어도를 중심으로 -
이형래 ( Lee Hyeong-rae ),김기흥 ( Kim Ki-heung ),정혜련 ( Jung Hea-reyn ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2016 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.19 No.4
This study aims at examining the structural and managemental problems of the existing fishways which affect the migrations of fishes, and at suggesting alternatives to improve the fishways’ efficiency. The study focuses on the fishways constructed in the diversion weirs in the lower reaches of 41 rivers(2 national rivers and 39 rural rivers) in the eastern coast of Korea. Most of water-using facilities in Korean rivers are diversion weirs, and fishways are established as subsidiary facilities of most of the weirs. Among the 58 or so fishways examined in this study, only a few are doing their proper function, and most of them need improvement. This study aims at strengthening those fishways function and increasing their economic efficiency and migration efficiency. Based on the results of this study, the followings are suggested. In case the fishway sticks out downstream from the apron, a subsidiary fishway diverging from the main is suggested to attract fish. The entrance to the subsidiary should head below the raised part of the apron and a pool should be constructed in the connecting part with the main. To attract fish and let the upstream migrators rest for a while, an entrance pool should be constructed in the fishway. Most of the examined fishways have low side walls, which allow the upstreamers to jump out of the fishway. Those side walls are suggested to be raised above the jumping height of target fishes. The exit parts of most fishways are too shallow, or have no grass to protect the fish from the birds. Protective facilities are suggested to keep the birds from entering the fishway. By the time Ice-harbor type and Vertical-slot type fishways are scientifically proved to be defective, the fishway should not diverge from the standard design.