Interfacial Characteristics of Epoxy Composites Filled with γ-APS Treated Natural Zeolite

이재영,이상근,김상욱,Lee, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang-Keun,Kim, Sang-Wook 한국접착및계면학회 2001 접착 및 계면 Vol.2 No.3

${\gamma}$-APS (${\gamma}$-aminopropyltriethoxysilane)로 표면처리된 천연제올라이트와 에폭시 수지 복합 재료의 표면 자유 에너지, 인상강도 및 계면 모폴로지에 대해 연구하였다. 표면처리하지 천연제올라이트의 표면 자유에너지 성분 중에서 무극성 성분인 Lifshitz-van der Waals 성분, ${\gamma}{\frac{LW}{SV}}$는 $19.22mJ/m^2$이었고, 극성 성분인 Lewis acid-base 성분, ${\gamma}{\frac{AB}{SV}}$는 $15.27mJ/m^2$이 있다. ${\gamma}$-APS의 처리농도가 증가함에 따라 ${\gamma}{\frac{LW}{SV}}$값은 증가하였지만 ${\gamma}{\frac{AB}{SV}}$는 감소하였으며, 이는 ${\gamma}$-APS의 소수성 성분인 알킬기의 영향이 친수성 기인 아민이나 수산기의 영향보다 커지기 때문이다. 인장강도와 Young율은 ${\gamma}$-APS 처리에 의해 개선되었으며, SEM 분석에 의해 계면특성이 향상되었음을 확인하였다. Epoxy composites filled with natural zeolite was prepared to investigate the effects of silane coupling agent, ${\gamma}$-APS (${\gamma}$-aminopropyltriethoxysilane)on the surface free energy, tensile properties and interfacial morphology. The value of Lifshitz-van der Waals component, ${\gamma}{\frac{LW}{SV}}$ for polar was $19.22mJ/m^2$ and increased, while that of Lewis acid-base component, ${\gamma}{\frac{AB}{SV}}$ for polar was $15.27mJ/m^2$ and decreased with the increasing content of ${\gamma}$-APS treatment. It is due that the surface of the zeolite is more coated by hydrophobic of alkyl group than hydrophilic amine or hydroxyl group. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of epoxy system were improved by the treatment with ${\gamma}$-APS due to the strong interface bonding, which was confirmed by SEM.

PET/CT 감쇠보정시 다양한 CT Kernel 적용에 따른 유용성 평가

이재영,성용준,윤석환,박찬록,이홍재,노경운,Lee, Jae-Young,Seong, Yong-Jun,Yoon, Seok-Hwan,Park, Chan-Rok,Lee, Hong-Jae,Noh, Kyung-Wun 대한핵의학기술학회 2017 핵의학 기술 Vol.21 No.2

PET/CT 영상 재구성시 감쇠보정맵을 사용하여 영상재구성에 적용한다. 감쇠보정 맵의 CT parameter을 변경하여 PET/CT 영상 재구성 할 때 적용하여 SUVmax에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 비교 평가해보고자 한다. 장비는 Biograph mCT 64를 사용하였고 Phantom은 NEMA IEC Body Phantom을 사용하였다. 실험을 위해 환자는 2017년 2월에서 3월까지 본원 PET/CT 검사를 시행한 환자 20명을 대상으로 Lung, Liver, Bone에 관심영역을 선택하여 기존 08f AC, 45f medium, 80f ultra sharp 방식의 CT kernel을 적용한 감쇠보정맵을 사용하여 PET/CT 영상 재구성에 도입 후 방사능 농도(kBq/mL), SUVmax, SD(standard deviation) 변화 유무를 평가하였다. Phantom 방사능 농도 측정 결과 B08f AC 대비 B45f 0.96%, B80f 6.58% 증가하였고 B08f AC 대비 B45f 0.86%, B80f 6.54%각각 증가하였고, SD의 경우 B08f AC 대비 B45f 1.27%, B80f 6.96% 증가하였다. 환자에서 부위별 SUV는 Lung에서 B08f AC 대비 B45f 1.6%, B80f 6.6%, Liver에서 B08f AC 대비 B45f 0.7%, B80f 4.7%, Bone에서 B08f AC 대비 B45f 1.3%, B80f 6.2% 증가를 보였다. 부위별 SD는 Lung에서 B08f AC 대비 B45f 6.2%, B80f 15.4%, Liver에서 B08f AC 대비 B45f 2.1%, B80f 11%, Bone에서 B08f AC 대비 B45f 를 사용할 때 2.3%, B80f 14.7% 증가를 보였다. CT Kernel변화에 따라 sharpness noise와 영상의 질은 변화를 보였으나 SUVmax와 SD는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다.(P>.05). 핵의학 영상은 정량적인 평가가 중요하다 따라서 부위에 따라 CT kernel이 적절하게 조절되고 noise level이 낮은 감쇠보정 맵을 사용하여 PET/CT 재구성시에 적용하여 정량적 평가에 오류를 줄이는 것이 중요하다고 사료되므로 따라서 같은 부위라 할지라도 sharpness noise가 인위적으로 증가된 kernel을 사용하는 것보다 noise가 낮은 kernel을 사용하는 것이 SD편차를 줄이고 정량적인 평가에 오류를 적게 하여 정확한 진단과 SUV 측정에 유용할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose Recently PET/CT image's attenuation correction is used CTAC(Computed Tomgraphy Attenuation Correction). it can quantitative evaluation by SUV(Standard Uptake Value). This study's purpose is to evaluate SUV and to find proper CT kernel using CTAC with applied various CT kernel to PET/CT construction. Materials and Methods Biograph mCT 64 was used for the equipment. We were performed on 20 patients who had examed at our hospital from february through March 2017. Using NEMA IEC Body Phantom, The data was reconstructed PET/CT images with CTAC appiled various CT kernel. ANOVA was used to evaluated the significant difference in the result. Results The result of measuring the radioactivity concentration of Phantom was B45F 96% and B80F 6.58% against B08F CT kernel, each respectively. the SUVmax increased to B45F 0.86% and B80F 6.54% against B08F CT kernel, In case of patient's parts data, the Lung SUVmax increased to B45F 1.6% and B80F 6.6%, Liver SUVmax increased to B45F 0.7% and B80F 4.7%, and Bone SUVmax increased to B45F 1.3% and B80F 6.2%, respectively. As for parts of patient's about Standard Deviation(SD), the Lung SD increased to B45F 4.2% and B80F 15.4%, Liver SD increased to B45F 2.1% and B80F 11%, and Bone SD increased to B45F 2.3% and B80F 14.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference discovered in three CT kernel (P >.05). Conclusion When using increased noise CT kernel for PET/CT reconstruction, It tends to change both SUVmax and SD in ROI(region of interest), Due to the increase the CT kernel number, Sharp noise increased in ROI. so SUVmax and SD were highly measured, but there was no statistically significant difference. Therefore Using CT kernel of low variation of SD occur less variation of SUV.

유천분지내 화강암류와 광상구의 관계에 대한 지화학적 연구

이재영,김상욱,김영기,고인석,장태우,Lee, Jae Yeong,Kim, Sang Wook,Kim, Young Ki,Koh, In Seok,Chang, Tae Woo 대한자원환경지질학회 1990 자원환경지질 Vol.23 No.2

There is clear difference in content of the major and trace elements between Masan granites of Cu province and Yucheon-Eonyang granites of Pb-Zn province in the Yucheon Basin: the former has low content in K(2.08%), Na(2.42%) and Rb (127ppm), and high content in Ca(3.75%), Mg(1.42%) and Sr(304ppm) whereas the latter has high content in K(3.56-3.60%), Na(3.05-3.06%) and Rb(144-161ppm), and low content in Ca(0.62-0.96), Mg(0.21-0.26%) and Sr(136-157ppm). Ore metals in granites also show slight difference between two areas: Masan granites have slightly higher Cu content(18ppm) than Yucheon-Eonyang granites(13, 14ppm), whereas Yucheon granite(29ppm) has slightly higher Pb content than Masan granites(25ppm). Thus, it may be possible to apply geochemical difference of the granites to distinguish whether a Cretaceous granite mass is related to copper or lead-zinc mineralization, and whether it belongs Cu-province or Pb-Zn province in the Yucheon Basin.

탄소성 거동의 유한요소해석 후처리 방법

이재영,Lee, Jae-Young 한국전산구조공학회 2009 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.22 No.5

컴퓨터의 성능이 향상되고 해석 알고리즘이 개선될수록 유한요소 모델링은 정교해지고 복잡해지는 경향이 있으며, 그에 상응하여 후처리 기술도 다양하게 발전하게 되었다. 이와같이 하드웨어적, 소프트웨어적인 진전을 바탕으로 탄소성해석에서는 더욱 세분화된 단계적 증분과 반복의 중간 계산 결과를 이용하여 탄소성 거동을 관찰하고 분석하는 것이 실용적인 의미를 갖게 되었다. 이 논문은 유한요소해석을 통해서 얻은 계산 결과로 부터 탄소성 재료의 역학적인 거동을 이론적으로 구성하고, 컴퓨터 그래픽스로 가시화하는 새로운 후처리 방법에 관하여 기술하였다. 또한 소성 거동의 진행을 표현하는 새로운 방법과 해석의 중간단계에서 생성된 데이터를 항복곡면과 응력경로의 형태로 재구성하거나 또는 Mohr원과 파괴포락선의 형태로 재구성하여 탄소성 거동을 분석하고 이해하는 방법을 제안하였다. The postprocessing technology has been advanced diversely to accommodate the tendency of increasingly refined and complicated practices of finite element modeling in pace with enhanced capabilities of computers and improved algorithm of equation solvers. As a result of such progresses in both hardware and software, it became practically meaningful to inspect and analyze the elasto-plastic behavior using the intermediate results from the increasing number of incremental and iterative processes. This paper is concerned about the new methods of postprocessing with computer graphic visualization of elasto-plastic behavior on the basis of the theoretically reorganized analysis results. This paper proposes a new method of rendering the plastic zone, and new approaches of analyzing and interpreting the elasto-plastic behavior using the graphical information visualized in the form of the yield surface and the stress path, or in the form of the Mohr circles and the failure envelope.

경상분지내 철광상 관련 울산화강암에 대한 지화학적 연구

이재영,김상욱,김영기,Lee, Jae Yeong,Kim, Sang Wook,Kim, Young Ki 대한자원환경지질학회 1992 자원환경지질 Vol.25 No.2

Ulsan granite is plotted mainly in the region of syeno-granite of the Streckeisen diagram, which consists with those of iron related granites in the area of Kimhae-Mulgum, while Chindong granites and Yucheon-Eonyang granites are plotted in the regions of granodiorite-diorite and monzo-granite, respectively. These granites show a differentiation trend of calc-alkaline magma, and their magmatic evolution from intermediate to acidic rocks is consistant with the general crystallization path of the Cretaceous granitic rocks in the Gyeongsang basin. The difference index (D.I.) is 70~90 for Ulsan granite, which lies between 35~80 of Chindong granites and 85~95 of Yucheon-Eonyang granites. These granites are distinguishable from each other by variation patterns of chemical elements. For instance, there is clear difference in content of some major and trace elements between Ulsan granite and Cu-related Chindong granites: Ulsan granite has high content of K (2.68%) and Ba (636 ppm), and low content of Ca (1.07%), Mg (0.50%) and Sr (185 ppm), whereas Chindong granites has less content of K (1.62%) and Ba (382 ppm), and higher content of Ca (3.75%), Mg (1.42%) and Sr (405 ppm). However, the content of Ulsan granite overlaps partly those of Yucheon-Eonyang granites, which are apparently dividable from Chindong granites. There is an usual trend that Cu content is high in Chindong granites of Cu province and Zn content is higher in Yucheon-Eonyang granites of Pb-Zn province. But it is unusual that Cu and Zn are higher in Ulsan granite (34 ppm, 74 ppm) than in Chindong granites (15 ppm, 22 ppm) and Yucheon-Eonyang granites (14 ppm, 43 ppm). This may be due to the reason that Ulsan granite is productive and Cu-Zn minerals are associated with iron ores. Productive Chindong granites in Haman-Gunbug area and Yuchon-Eonyang granites near ore deposits have higher content of Cu and Zn than Ulsang granite. Therefore, it is expected that chemical variation patterns of granites are applicable to distinguish mineral commodity of ore deposits (iron, copper, or lead-zinc) related with the granites in the Gyeongsasng basin.

흡인성 화상을 입은 환자에서 관찰된 후두점막의 악성변화 1례

이재영,이길준,안동빈,손진호,Lee, Jae Young,Lee, GilJoon,Ahn, Dongbin,Sohn, Jin Ho 대한후두음성언어의학회 2017 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Laryngeal neoplasm is the second most common malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract. About 85% to 95% of laryngeal malignancies are squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the epithelial lining of the larynx. The exact cause of laryngeal neoplasm is unknown, but certain risk factors can affect the chances of developing it. Chronic inflammation is a mutagen factor confirmed in the carcinogenesis of various tumor. Inhalation injuries cause histopathologic damage to laryngeal mucosa and inflammation change. This long term inflammation may leads to the development of dysplasia and malignant transformation. Recently, we experienced a case of malignant transformation of laryngeal mucosa after inhalation injury patient 25 years ago. Herein, we reported this rare case and review the relevant literature.

국내 부지 특성을 고려한 오염토양 정화기술매칭기준안

이재영,이민희,유목련,Lee, Jae-young,Lee, Minhee,Yu, Mokryun 한국지하수토양환경학회 2016 지하수토양환경 Vol.21 No.6

The programmable logic array to match the treatment technology to the soil contaminated site based on the site properties in Korea was developed. Based on the previous technology screening system of FRTR (Federal Remediation Technology Roundtable) in USA, total 9 evaluation factors indicating the site characteristics were used for the technology matching process and 8 factors among them were quantitatively weighed in the order of importance. The class interval for each evaluation factor was linearly distributed to give the weighed score and 8 scores were summed up to prioritize the treatment technology. The optimal treatment technology for a specific site was determined according to the total score acquired from 8 evaluation factors used in this technology matching process. The reliability test for the developed technology matching system was done by using information of two real cleanup sites in Korea, suggesting that this guideline will be available to determine the most effective treatment technology to cleanup the soil contaminated site and also to assist the government or the company to design a successful and cost-effective site cleanup plan in Korea.

농업생태계와 산림생태계 숲 유형에 따른 대형나방 군집 다양성 연구

이재영,최세웅,Lee, Jae-Young,Choi, Sei-Woong 한국환경생물학회 2021 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.39 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 농업생태계에 존재하는 작고 파편화된 숲과 인근 산림생태계 내 연속된 숲에 서식하는 대형나방의 종 다양성과 종구성의 차이를 알아보는데 있다. 전남 서남부 8개 지역에서 2018과 2019년 6월과 8월 자외선 등 트랩을 이용하여 대형나방을 채집, 분석한 결과 두 숲 유형 간 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으며 두 그룹 간 종 수, 개체수, 종다양성 지수(H') 모두 산림생태계 숲이 농업생태계 숲보다 더 높게 나타났다. 유사도지수를 이용하여 나방 군집간 차이를 알아본 결과 농업생태계 숲에서 베타다양성이 높음을 확인하였다. 또한 종 구성의 변화율(Turnover)과 내포성(Nestedness)을 따로 나누어 분석한 결과 산림생태계는 종 구성 변화율이 큰 반면 농업생태계는 내포성이 비교적 크게 나타나 서식지 유형에 따라 나방 군집 구성의 차이가 다른 것을 확인할 수 있었다. We aimed to investigate the macromoth diversity and species composition between two forest types; a small and fragmented agroecosystem(SFA) and a large and continuous forest ecosystem(LCF). We sampled moths twice(in June and August) using ultraviolet light traps employed in eight regions from 2018 to 2019. The results showed a significant difference between the two ecosystems; species richness, abundance and species diversity index (H') were significantly higher in LCF than in SFA. Beta diversity using Chao-Sorensen Raw abundance showed that moth community in SFA was different from that in LCF. The two components of beta diversity showed that the turnover rate was higher in LCF while nestedness was higher in SFA.

천연 제올라이트 / 에폭시 복합재료의 경화반응 속도론

이재영,천인숙,심미자,김상욱 ( Jae Young Lee,In Sook Chun,Mi Ja Shim,Sang Wook Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1996 공업화학 Vol.7 No.2

천연 제올라이트/에폭시 수지 복합재료의 경화반응 속도론을 연구하기 위해 DSC 분석법 중 승온적 방법을 이용하였다. 천연 제올라이트의 함량이 증가함에 따라 반응 시작온도와 발열피크의 온도가 낮아졌다. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A(DGEBA)/4,4`-methylene dianiline(MDA)/malononitrile(MN, 10phr)에 제올라이트를 20phr 충전한 경우에는 하나의 발열피크가 나타나며, 30phr인 경우에는 shoulder가 나타났다. 40phr의 제올라이트가 충전된 경우에는 발열피크가 두 개로 분리되며, 첫번째 발열피크의 활성화에너지, Ea₁은 12.30 kJ/㏖이고, 두번째 발열피크의 활성화에너지, Ea₂는 12.70 kJ/㏖이었다. Natural zeolite/epoxy resin composites were prepared and the cure kinetics was studied by dynamic DSC analysis. With the increment of natural zeolite content, the reaction starting temperature and the exothermic peak temperature were decreased. When diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A(DGEBA)/4,4`-methylene dianiline(MDA)/ malononitrile(MN, 10phr) was filled with 20phr of zeolite, DSC thermogram had one peak and when it was filled with 30phr of zeolite, a shoulder appeared on the DSC thermogram. With the filling of 40phr of zeolite, DSC thermogram was separated into two peaks and the activation energy of the first peak, Ea₁ was 12.30 kJ/㏖ and that of the second peak, Ea₂ was 12.70 kJ/㏖.

화학처리 및 금속이온 교환된 천연 제올라이트의 질소 흡착특성

이재영,심미자,김상욱 ( Jae Young Lee,Mi Ja Shim,Sang Wook Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1994 공업화학 Vol.5 No.6

경북 감포지역에서 산출되는 천연 제올라이트를 각기 다른 농도의 HCl과 NaOH로 화학처리한 시료와 금속 양이온 교환한 시료를 제조 하였다. 이들 시료에 대한 질소의 흡착특성을 25℃, 100∼760 torr의 범위에서 조사하였다. 산 처리한 시료의 질소 흡착량은 처리하기 전보다 감소하였으며, 알칼리 처리한 시료는 많이 증가하였다. 0.5N-HCl 처리 후 0.5N-NaOH로 연속처리한 경우 약 200% 정도 흡착량이 개선되었으나, 알칼리 처리 후 산으로 연속처리한 경우에는 오히려 감소하였다. Na^+, K^+, Cs^+를 이온교환한 경우 이온의 크기가 증가할수록 흡착량은 감소했으며, Mg^(2+), Ca^(2+), Ba^(2+)를 이온교환한 경우는 이온의 크기가 증가할수록 흡착량이 증가하였다. The characteristics of the nitrogen adsorption with natural zeolite produced in Kampo area according to the chemical treatment by HCl and/or NaOH or the exchanging metal ion were investigated in the pressure range of 100∼760torr at 25℃. The amount of nitrogen adsorption was followed at increment in the order of NaOH treatment>nontreatment>HCl treatment. Adsorption amount on natural zeolite treated with 0.5N-HCl/NaOH was improved about 200%, whereas that on natural zeolite treated with 0.5N-NaOH/HCl was decreased. When metal ion of natural zeolite was exchanged with Na^+, K^+ and Cs^+, adsorption amount of nitrogen was decreased as the size of ration was increased. But metal ion of natural zeolite was exchanged with Mg^(2+), Ca^(2+) and Ba^(2+), the amount of nitrogen adsorption was increased.