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멀티코어를 활용한 이기종 시스템 기반의 실시간 포렌식마킹 방법
윤창섭(Chang-seob Yun),전재현(Jae-hyun Jun),김승호(Sung-ho Kim),김대수(Dae-soo Kim) 대한전자공학회 2020 전자공학회논문지 Vol.57 No.10
본 논문에서는 CPU와 GPU의 이기종 시스템 상에서 HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding) 표준에 기반을 둔 실시간 포렌식마크 기술을 제안한다. 기존의 HEVC를 기반한 저작권보호기술은 영상의 품질 저하를 방지하기 위해 디코딩과 재인코딩 과정을 거쳐 마크를 삽입하기 때문에 초고해상도의 영상에서 지연이 발생한다. 제안하는 기술은 복잡도가 높은 HEVC 프로세스의 디코딩 및 재인코딩하는 과정을 생략하고 엔트로피 코딩만을 사용하여 마크를 삽입한다. 그리고 CPU와 GPU의 멀티코어를 활용하여 포렌식마크와 QTC(Quantified Transform Coordinators)영역의 zero값을 고속 비트 연산(XOR) 처리하여 삽입하는 방법을 사용한다. 이 방법은 초고해상도(8K 60FPS)에서 기존 연구와 비교한 결과 PSNR(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio)은 10dB 증가하였고 영상에 대한 필터, 잡음, 기하학, 재압축의 네 가지 공격을 시도하여 강인성을 비교한 결과 2~4% 높은 성능을 보였다. 그리고 포렌식마크 삽입 속도는 기존연구에 비해 70배 이상 증가하여 실시간 저작권보호가 가능한 기술이다. This paper propose a real-time forensic mark technology based on HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding) standard using heterogeneous systems of CPU and GPU. The previous HEVC-based copyright protection technology is delayed in ultra-high resolution video because it inserts marks through decoding and re-encoding process to prevent image quality deterioration. The proposed technique excepts the decoding and re-encode process of the highly complex HEVC process and inserts the mark using only entropy coding. And It is a technology that enables real-time copyright protection by processing high-speed bit operation (XOR) processing of the zero value of QTC(Quantified Transform Coordinators) area and the forensicmark using multi-cores of CPU and GPU. As a result of comparing this method with the previous study at ultra-high resolution (8K 60FPS), the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) increased by 10dB. As a result of comparison, it showed 2-4% higher performance. In addition, the forensic mark insertion speed is increased by more than 70 times compared to existing research, enabling real-time copyright protection.
개흉술 후 냉각요법과 경막외 Fentanyl 병용요법의 비교
신진우(Jin Woo Shin),최인철(In Cheol Choi),하승일(Seung Ill Ha),심지연(Ji Yeon Sim),이청(Cheong Lee),박승일(Seung Ill Park),윤창섭(Chang Seob Yun) 대한통증학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.14 No.1
N/A Background: Thoracotomy is the operation that produces the most postoperative pain, necessitating the highest requirements for postoperative analgesics. The common methods of treating postthoracotomy pain are the use of thoracic epidural analgesia, intemittent or continuous intercostal nerve blocks, intravenous narcotics and cryoanalgesia. We designed to assess the analgesic effect of epidural analgesia, cryoanalgesia and the combined analgesia in thoracic surgery. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in 59 patients undergoing elective thoracotomy for parenchymal disease. Patients were randomized into three groups: C (cryoanalgesia), CE (cryoanalgesia and thoracic epidural analgesia), E (epidural analgesia). All patients had standard anesthesia with endotracheal intubation using a double lumen endotracheal tube, and one-lung ventilation. Subjective pain relief was assessed on a visual analog scale. Analgesic requirements, complications and the degree of satisfaction were evaluated during the 7 days following surgery. Results: Subjective pain relief was significantly better in Group CE and Group E in comparison with Group C (P < 0.05). Cryoanalgesia provided a better pain score on the 6th and 7th POD than the early postoperative periods. Analgesic requirements were higher in Group C than in the Group CE and Group E during the first POD. The incidence of side effects was similar in Group CE and Group E. Conclusions: If we can reduce the concentration of fentanyl and local anesthetics in combined analgesia of epidural and cryoanalgesia, the disadvantages of each method would be overcome and would be a better method of postthoracotomy pain control.
Three Cases of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension (SIH) Treated with Epidural Blood Patch
신진우,윤창섭,이 철 대한통증학회 1997 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.10 No.1
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension, a syndrome of low CSF pressure, occurs without preceding events such as lumbar puncture, back trauma, operative procedure or medical illness. The most char- acteristic symptom is an occipital or frontal headache which is aggrevated in the erect position and relieved in the supine position. This syndmme usually resolves spontaneously or with strict bed rest. When the headach persists or is incapacitating, more aggressive treatment may be necessary. Autologous epidural blood patch is highly effective in the management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Epidural blood produces an organized clot which effectively tamponade any dural CSF leak The rapid relief of headache immediately after the infusion of blood occur by some other mechanism, such as an increase in subarachnoid pressure that is known to occur with infusion of fluid into the lumbar epidural Space. We report three cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension successfully treated with epidural blood patch.
박재홍,최윤,이청,신진우,윤창섭,송준걸 대한통증학회 2000 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.13 No.1
Background: The purpose of this study is to determine if there is any relationship among the distance from the skin to cervical epidural space, patients height, weight, neck circumference and body mass index (BMI). Methods: The data was collected from 219 patients who suffer acute and chronic pain from neck and upper extrmities. Cervical epidural catheterization was perfomed at the C_(6-7), C_7-T_1 intervertebral space. The depth of the epidural space from the skin, age, height, weight and neck circumference were measured by a standard ruler and the BMI was calculated. Results: The distance from the skin to cervical epidural space at C_(6-7), C_7-T_1 in males, and C_(6-7), C_7-T_1 in female were 4.69±0.55 cm, 5.24±0.61 cm, 4.28±0.49 cm, and 4.83±0.54 cm, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicated that body weight, neck circumference and BMI could be a guideline for the location of the cervical epidural space.
박재홍,최윤,이청,신진우,윤창섭,송준걸 대한통증학회 2000 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.13 No.1
Background: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a syndrome characterized by postural headache without trauma, spinal anesthesia or other medical history. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of epidural blood patch in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Methods: The spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients treated with epidural blood patch were analyzed on the symptoms, radiologic images and methods of epidural blood patch retrospectively by the medical records. Results: Patients had postural headache (15 patients) including nausea/vomiting (10 patients), tinnitus (2 patients), neck stiffness (13 patients), vertigo (3 patients) and occular pain (1 patient). Brain CT and MRI showed diffuse enhancement of the pachymeninges (9 patients) and radionuclide cisternography demonstrated direct evidence of leakage (11 patients). With epidural blood patch, the symptoms were promptly relieved in 11 patients. Conclusions: We concluded that epidural blood patch is a good treatment of method in spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients.