앵무새 죽이기의 법정대화 번역전략 분석: 호칭어를 중심으로

원은하 한국통번역교육학회 2022 통번역교육연구 Vol.20 No.1

This study describes the characteristics of the address terms used in the courtroom discourse of To Kill a Mockingbird and analyses two Korean translation versions published in 1992 and 2015. Courtroom discourse is competitive between litigation participants and is hierarchical and formal as the contents and procedures of conversation are stipulated by law. In particular, courtroom discourse is characterized by the use of address terms that respect the hierarchy and authority among discourse participants. As a result of analyzing the two translations of the address terms of the novel, I found that when translating the address terms of the novel, they were adjusted to the language that satisfies the Korean legal language norms. However, when translating negative address terms that demean black people, the translators attempted to deviate from the Korean legal language norms in order to convey the original meaning.

공손성을 고려한 인칭대명사의 영한 번역 -‘당신’을 중심으로

원은하,김세정,진실로 한국통번역교육학회 2018 통번역교육연구 Vol.16 No.1

영어의 인칭대명사는 한국어의 인칭대명사와 용법과 특성이 크게 달라 영한 번역 시 변화가 매우 크다. 필수논항 자리를 생략할 수 없는 영어와 달리 한국어는 생략이 빈번히 일어나기에 일단 양적인 변화가 두드러지고, 생략되지 않고 번역되는 경우에도 질적인 변화가 자주 발생하곤 한다. 가령 2인칭대명사의 경우, 한국어는 엄격한 호칭어 체계가 발달하여 그에 맞는 대우법이 문법화되어 있으므로, 상대방을 총칭하는 영어 인칭대명사 ‘you’는 한국어로 번역 시 격식과 상황에 맞는 대우법의 체계 내에 존재하는 다양한 호칭어 중 하나로 옮겨진다. 흥미롭게도 특히 2인칭대명사 ‘당신’은 본래부터 한국어로 쓰인 문학서에 비해 영어에서 한국어로 옮겨진 번역서에서 발생빈도가 높게 나타난다(김혜영,2008; 박혜선, 2007). ‘당신’의 한국어 사용 규범이 매우 제한적이라는 점을 바탕으로 유추해볼 때, 이러한 현상은 등장인물의 관계를 번역자가 섬세하게 파악 및 규정하지 못한 탓일 가능성이 있다. 따라서 본고는 번역문에 나타난 ‘당신’의 사용 양상을 파악하고 한국어 규범에 맞는 2인칭대명사의 번역 방법을 논의하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 먼저 사회언어학적인 관점에서 영어와 한국어의 호칭어 특성을 비교하고, 영어와 한국어의 2인칭대명사의 사용 규범을 살펴본 뒤 영한 번역에서 호칭어로서의 한국어 2인칭대명사 사용의 제약을 논의한다. 또한 실제 번역텍스트의 사례를 통해 ‘you’가 ‘당신’으로 번역되는 경우의 대화 상황을 분석해보고, ‘당신’ 사용의 적절성과 문학적 효과에 대하여 논의하기로 한다.

영한 번역에서 2인칭 대명사의 사용 양상 분석

원은하,김세정,진실로 한국통번역교육학회 2018 한국통번역교육학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2018 No.-

브램 스토커의 드라큘라에 나타난 언어의 다양성과 번역의 문제

원은하 한국통번역교육학회 2020 통번역교육연구 Vol.18 No.2

This paper examines the literary functions of multilingualism in Bram Stoker's Dracula, and analyzes its English-Korean translation strategies. Multilingualism in Dracula works as a rhetorical device that fulfills three main functions: realistic function, which allows the characters to speak their regional dialect and native language; evocative function, through which words evoke a feeling of isolation and anxiety; and narrative function, where nonstandard and foreign languages other than the main language is appropriate in the development of the plot, as Ferguson(2004) suggests. In this respect, serious consideration of the diversity of languages is needed in the course of a translation. The examination of translation strategies of literary multilingualism in five Korean versions reveals the fact that the representation of multilingualism depends on the efficiency of a translation and the importance of its literary functions.

영한 번역에서 대등접속 구문의 번역 전략

원은하 한국통역번역학회 2014 통역과 번역 Vol.16 No.2

This paper aims to explore effective translation strategies for coordinatephrases in English-Korean translation. Since English and Korean differin their word orders and the norms of coordinate structures aredifferent, English-Korean translation of coordinate phrases often leadsto inadvertant problems; inefficient parsing process of translatedphrases. In order to understand translated coordinate phrases correctlyand quickly, two methods are proposed. Firstly, each phrase which areconnected with a coordinator should be parted with a comma ratherthan a coordinator so that misinterpretation between these phrasescould be eliminated. Secondly, active use of Korean coordinators couldhighlight the symmetry of two phrases which are coordinativelyconnected, therefore parsing effectiveness is enhanced.

문학 작품의 다언어(multilingualism) 번역 전략: 『제인 에어』의 프랑스어를 중심으로

원은하,진실로 한국번역학회 2020 번역학연구 Vol.21 No.2

This paper deals with literary multilingualism, focusing on foreign words in literary works and discussing how those foreign words should be translated. The effects of literary multilingualism are largely divided into realistic effects, evocative effects, and narrative effects. The French used in Jane Eyre realistically depicts the upper-class society of the time, confronting the British values of moderation and conformity with the French values of intemperance and indulgence. These effects contribute to the plot development of Jane growing up as an independent, self-reliant woman. Five Korean translations of the novel show various strategies, and those strategies can be narrowed down to three types: first, leaving foreign words as is in the target texts; second, adding an explanation or translation of the foreign words somewhere in the target texts; and third, translating foreign words into the target language. Most of the five target texts have actively added notes or glosses, considering the literary effects of the French words. In some translations, however, the French words were eliminated, and thus the rhetoric effects from the foreign words have been weakened. It can be concluded that most translators were aware of the importance that the foreign words be recognized. It is expected that translators be increasingly willing to reflect the literary effects of foreign words onto a target text, along with theoretical development in favor of a translator's intervention for maintaining the original effects and target readers' openness to the multicultural environment due to globalization.

영한번역에서 나타나는 서술어 증가 현상과 구조적 중의성의 문제

원은하 한국통번역교육학회 2012 통번역교육연구 Vol.10 No.1

The typological differences between English and Korean have led to various English-Korean translation strategies. Especially, it is notable that noun phrases in English tend to be translated into verb phrases in Korean. The main factor is that English is an object-dominant language, while Korean is an action-dominant language. The virtue of this strategy is naturalness of the style. The increase in the number of verb phrases in translated sentences, however, can pose a problem. The verb phrases produced from English noun phrases are usually incomplete in the way that they miss some constituents such as a subject. If these phrases are put in the middle of a matrix clause, structural ambiguity can arise between these phrases and some constituents of the matrix clause. Therefore, parsing these phrases goes wrong and results in misunderstanding of the whole sentence. To avoid this problem, two strategies are proposed: rearranging word order and avoiding new verb phrases. When the translation strategy for naturalness is used, the ambiguity factor should be considered in order to enhance the readability and accuracy of the target text.

CEA 발현 수지상 세포를 이용한 CEA 특이 살해 T 세포의 유도

원은하,김창현,박미영,조현일,오승택,홍용길,김태규,Won, Eun-Ha,Kim, Chang-Hyun,Park, Mi-Young,Cho, Hyun-Il,Oh, Seong-Taek,Hong, Yong-Kil,Kim, Tai-Gyu 대한면역학회 2003 Immune Network Vol.3 No.4

Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is well-known soluble tumor marker frequently detectable in peripheral blood of carcinoma patients and considered as good target for antigen-specific immunotherapy. In this study, we used a replication-deficient adenovirus containing CEA to study CTL induction in vitro after adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into DC. Methods: DC were obtained from mouse bone marrow and cultured with IL-4 and GM-CSF. For measuring CTL activity, splenocytes were harvested from the mice, which were immunized with DC that had been infected AdV-CEA or pulsed with CEA peptide. Untreated DC was used as a control. Splenocytes were re-stimulated in vitro with DC pulsed with CEA peptide for 7 days and CTL activity with CEA peptide-pulsed EL-4 cells were assessed in a standard $^{51}Cr$-release assay. The frequencies of antigen-specific cytokine-secreting T cell were determined with $mIFN-{\gamma}$ELISPOT. Results: DC infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing CEA induced CEA-specific CTL responses in vivo. Splenocyte induced from mice immunized with AdV-CEA-infected DC increase in the number of $IFN-{\gamma}$ secreting T cells compared with those from mice immunized with CEA peptide-pulsed DC. Conclusion: These results suggested that DC infected with recombinant adenovirus has advantages over other forms of vaccination and could provide an alternative approach vaccination therapies.

현대 사회의 다언어 현상과 영한 문학 번역에서의 함의

원은하 ( Eunha Won ),진실로 ( Silo Chin ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2021 인문사회 21 Vol.12 No.3

이 연구는 다언어현상(multilingualism)이라는 개념을 중심으로 영한 번역 문학작품에서 나타나는 차용어와 외국어의 출현 배경과 효과에 대하여 체계적으로 기술함을 목적으로 한다. 연구 결과, 영한 번역 문학에서의 다언어 현상은 세계공용어로서의 영어의 권위, 원작의 명성, 서사 전개의 중요성으로 인하여 빈번하게 나타나는 일반적인 흐름으로 파악된다. 또한 다언어는 문학 텍스트에서 탈식민주의와 디아스포라라는 사회적 담론의 제시 및 문학 고유의 미학적 효과를 위하여 다양하게 활용되고 있었다. 이러한 번역문학의 다언어성은 현대의 다문화ㆍ다언어 사회를 토대로 국내 문학에도 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이 연구는 다양한 소주제로 이루어지던 연구들을 다언어라는 개념으로 조망하고, 국내 번역 문학의 다언어성이라는 화두로 제기함으로써 향후 다언어 현상과 번역 문화를 한국 사회의 다문화 현상과의 관계 속에서 분석할 수 있는 기초 연구로서 의의가 있다. This paper aims to systematically describe the background and effects of loan words or foreign words in English-to-Korean literary translation, focusing on the concept of multilingualism. In Korean translations, multilingualism occurs frequently, possibly due to the power of English as a world language, the reputation of the original work, and the importance of narrative development. Multilingualism is also effectively used in literary texts for the presentation of social discourse of de-colonialism and diaspora as well as for aesthetic effects. This multilingualism in translated literature can affect domestic literature, reflecting the increasing multicultural and multilingual contemporary Korean society. This paper is meaningful as a basis for future research analyzing the Korean multilingual translation culture in relation to multicultural phenomena.

영어 수동문의 한국어 기계번역 분석

원은하(Won, Eunha),진실로(Silo Chin) 언어과학회 2021 언어과학연구 Vol.- No.98

This study describes the extent that human translation strategies of passive voice are being implemented in machine translation and explores the errors that machine translation makes when translating passive voice content. We translated passive voice content using Google Translate and Papago and compared the results with the human translation. The results demonstrated that Google Translate has a high accuracy of 91.9% and Papago 88.3%. According to the results, the conversion rate of the passive voice of source text to the active voice of target text was significantly high. In addition, the translation engines were able to correctly utilize double-subject phrases or intransitive phrases with subject omitted. However, they failed to attempt creative changes such as structural transformation. Not only that, when they translated several sentences, the accuracy of the translation declined and the coherence of the text also weakened. Therefore, it can be seen that the translation engines can be improved. It is hoped that this comparative analysis will help to enhance the accuracy of machine translation and contribute to forming detailed post-editing guidelines.