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한국의 도?농문제의 구조와 도?농 순환시스템에 관한 연구
엄창옥 국토연구원 2005 국토연구 Vol.44 No.-
The industrialization and urbanization of Korea in the 20th century has brought about the collapse of rural region. So, it is claimed that the balanced territorial land development would not be possible without the rehabilitation of the rural region. This paper suggests a model of 'the urban-rural circulatory system' as a new model of rural development. This model emphasizes the buildup of the endogeny of the rural region through the linkage among regions, especially the linkage between urban and rural. Above all, we give attention to the 'circulatory linkage' between urban and rural. This model supposes a circulatory structure which enables the circulation of labour, money and products as well as the circulation of natural resources and the recycling of wastes between urban and rural. However, the circulatory structure can be attained only when the mutual and complementary relationship between the urban and rural functions is made. For this circulatory structure, the policy priority must be given to the policies to secure the rural functions. This is termed as the principle of 'the local(rural) initiative'. This paper also deliberately suggests 'the Law of Circulatory Society Promotion' for the realization of circulatory society on the base of the local initiative principle.
엄창옥(Um, Chang Ok),노광욱(Roh, Kwang Uk),박상우(Park, Sang Woo) 한국지역사회학회 2013 지역사회연구 Vol.21 No.3
This study is to supply the manpower to the rural area by establishing the circulation system between urban and rural areas. Rural area has usually experienced seasonally the labor shortage. In the city area, however, there are many peoples who look for the job. Thus, labor mismatch occurs between rural area and city area. To solve this mismatch, we suggest 『Urban-rural Circulation Model』, which can mitigate the seasonality of rural area"s manpower shortage by connecting the city"s idle workforce to the rural areas. We applied this model to Kimcheon province, mixture area of urban and rural sector, and found that the following policies should be exercised to ensure a stable workforce in rural areas. First, the database system for the manpower supply should be built by regions. Second, urban-rural circulation system should be established on a permanent basis. Third, educational opportunities for agriculture should be expanded. Fourth, the operation of public works projects should be improved. Fifth, married immigrant women should be trained as agricultural workforce.
엄창옥 ( Changok Um ),나주몽 ( Jumong Na ),백경호 ( Kyungho Baek ) 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 2021 지역개발연구 Vol.53 No.2
청년 일자리 부족과 노동시장의 미스매치 문제는 지역에서 수도권으로의 청년 유출의 중요한 원인으로 지적되고 있다. 이러한 청년 유출을 방지하기 위해 지금까지 지역에서는 한편으로는 지역전략산업 육성을 통해 일자리를 창출하고 있으며, 다른 한편으로는 청년 일ㆍ경험 지원 정책을 실시하며 노동시장의 미스매칭 해소를 위해 노력하고 있으나 청년유출은 지속되고 있는 상황이다. 본 연구는 지역노동시장의 미스매칭으로 인한 청년유출문제를 지역청년의 취업선호에서 찾고자 하였다. 다시 말하자면 지역청년의 취업선호에 맞는 지역노동시장 구조를 개선함으로써 지역청년의 지역정착을 유도할 수 있다는 관점이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지역청년의 취업선호를 조사하고, 이 취업선호의 어떤 요인이 청년들의 지역정착에 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 광주, 대구, 강원의 청년을 대상으로 조사된 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 취업선호의 어떤 요소가 지역정착에 영향을 미치는지를 순서형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 살펴보았다. 분석 결과를 보면, ‘자신의 기능과 능력 활용’, ‘회사의 규모와 지명도’, ‘직무의 사회적 의미’, ‘능력중시 회사’, ‘전근이 없거나 한정된 지역 내에서의 전근’ 요인이 지역정착에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이들 설명변수가 강원에 비해 대구와 광주에서 적극적 정착에 더 큰 영향을 주었으며, 연령대가 높을수록, 여성보다 남성이 적극정착에 영향을 더 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 지방자치단체가 청년들이 지역 내에서 사회ㆍ경제적 역할을 키우고, 능력을 활용할 수 있는 다양한 방식을 제공할 경우 청년의 지역정착이 높아질 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. Lack of employment opportunities for youth and job mismatch are the main reasons for the problem of youth outflow from the region to the metropolitan area along with the youth unemployment problem. In order to reduce the outflow of youth, local governments are actively implementing policies to support youth work experience and trying to resolve the mismatch, but the achievements are not showing well. If local governments provide 「work-experience」 policies based on youth job preferences and reduce mismatches successfully, the possibility of youth settling in the local area will increase. Based on these predictions, this study analyzed the factors that influence youth job preferences on local settlement using Ordinal Logistic Regression model(OLR). The survey data of youth in Daegu, Gwangju, and Gangwon was used in this analysis process. As a result, factors such as ‘use of one's own skills and capabilities’, ‘the size and reputation of the company’, ‘social meaning’, ‘capacity-oriented companies’, and ‘areas with no commuting or limited commuting’ have a significant effect on local settlement of youth. There was a some difference in the influence from region to region. the job preference factors of youth in Daegu and Gwangju had a greater influence on local settlement compared to youth in Gangwon. It is thought to reflect the geographical factor that Gangwon is close to the metropolitan area. In addition, we confirmed that the older group, the more males than females had an influence on local settlement. This means that if local governments provide various ways for youth to develop their social and economic roles and utilize their abilities within the region, the local settlement of young people can increase.
엄창옥(ChangOk Um),이요한(YoHan Lee),최용호(YoungHo Choi),박우식(WooSik Park) 한국경제통상학회 2009 경제연구 Vol.27 No.4
This study is to analyze the formation and the development process of industrial cluster of Korea in a view point of 'advantage of interaction' between economic actors, "advantage of integration' or 'advantage of embeddedness' based on local resources, and in line with this, review the development process of Korean industrial cluster. At the same time, how the policies of Korean industrial cluster has effect on the development of the industrial cluster was analyzed. As a result of this analysis, the following conclusions were induced. First, it turned out that Korean industrial cluster is in the middle stage of 'organic cluster' in general. Second, in the concept of 'reverse institutionalization' , the policy of Korean industrial cluster helped to form the network between businesses which is located in the industrial complex, thereby contributing to promoting the technological innovative activities solving the technical problems based on this network. Due to the over 50 years' policy of industrial cluster from 1964 to the present day, Korean industrial cluster has been evolving and three new trends are shown in this process. First trend is 'the expansion', which means the closed industrial cluster is changing into the openness. Second trend is 'the fusion'. As diversity in industrial cluster increases and social capital is accumulated, new industrial area is being created by fusion between specified industries. Third trend is 'the embeddedness', which means that the isolated business in industrial complex take root in local community and utilizing local innovative capacities for business innovative activities. From this point of view, the policy of industrial cluster in the future should be carried out within the scope of not interfering with self-evolution of industrial cluster. Thus the new policy of industrial cluster in the autonomic and endogenous direction is required to develop the present stage of industrial cluster into 'innovative stage' and 'embeddedness stage'. 본 논문은 산업클러스터의 형성과 발전과정을 지리적으로 집적한 기업이 기업간의 ‘상호작용의 이익’과 지역자원 기반의 ‘집적의 이익’ 혹은 ‘착근화의 이익’을 향유해가는 과정으로 해석하고, 이런 관점에서 한국의 산업클러스터 발전과정을 재검토하였다. 동시에 한국의 산업클러스터 정책이 산업클러스터 발전에 어떤 영향을 주었는지 분석하고자 하였다. 이 분석을 통해 우리는 몇 가지의 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 첫째, 한국의 산업클러스터는 전반적으로 유기적 클러스터 단계(The stage of Organic Cluster)의 중간영역에 와 있음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, ‘역분해 제도화'(reverse institutionalization)라는 개념으로 볼 때, 한국의 산업클러스터 정책은 단순집적지에 지나지 않았던 공업단지의 입주 기업들간에 취약하나마 상당한 네트워크를 형성하게 하였으며, 이 네트워크를 기반으로 하여 현장애로기술을 해결해나가는 기술혁신활동을 추진하는데 기여하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 1964년부터 현재에 이르기까지 50년이 넘는 산업클러스터 정책으로 인해 한국의 산업클러스터는 자기진화를 지속해오고 있고 그 과정 속에서 세 가지의 새로운 경향을 보이고 있음을 분석하였다. 첫째는 광역화 경향이다. 폐쇄적인 산업클러스터가 개방화되고 있다는 점이다. 둘째는 융합화의 경향이다. 산업클러스터 내에 다양성이 증가하고 사회적 자본이 축적됨에 따라 특정산업 간의 융합이 발생하여 새로운 산업영역을 창출하고 있다는 점이다. 셋째는 착근화의 경향이다. 아주 미약하지만 고립된 산업클러스터 내의 기업이 지역에 뿌리를 내리고 지역혁신역량을 기업혁신활동에 이용하려는 경향을 보인다는 점이다. 이러한 관점에서 볼 때, 앞으로 산업클러스터 정책은 산업클러스터의 자기진화를 방해하지 않는 방향에서 이루어져야 한다는 점을 지적하고자 한다. 한국의 현단계의 산업클러스터가 ‘혁신적 클러스터 단계’와 ‘착근적 클러스터 단계’로 발전하기 위해서는 자율적·내생적 방향에서의 새로운 산업클러스터 정책을 필요로 한다는 점이다.
엄창옥(Um, Changok),박우식(Park, Wooshik) 한국지역사회학회 2014 지역사회연구 Vol.22 No.3
In the industrial society, the labor movement is generated on the basis of urban development and the formation of the industry. Therefore, depending on the changes in the industrial structure of the region, employment structure and demand structure of the labor force also are changed. On the other hand, it means that in response to changes in the employment structure, the structure of the labor force in the region also is changed, supply structure of the labor force in the region may change the configuration of the labor force in response to Byun file de ª system. As a result, the labor market in the region is structured. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the flow of the region outside human resources derived from the demand structural features of the labor market in the region. In order to reduce the economic gap between the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region and metropolitan area, industrial policy can prevent the outside flow of local brain drain is requested.
엄창옥(Um Chang-ok),박상우(Park Sang-woo) 한국지역사회학회 2011 지역사회연구 Vol.19 No.1
This study examines how social capital can contribute to the development of local-based industry. Local-based industry creates added value by taking advantage of resources with regional characteristics, existing in a certain local community. Therefore, local-based industry has distinctive characteristics different from other industries. Social capital can contribute to the development of local-based industry by facilitating local community integration, by increasing the social welfare by acting as a social safety net, and by improving the productivity of the area. Local-based industry can be classified into four types: traditional type, resource-intensive type, technology-intensive type, and market-oriented type. We present the formation policy of social capital, corresponding to each type of local-based industry.