비용성 만성부비동염의 발병에 있어 진균과 세균 초항원의 역할

신승헌 대한비과학회 2008 Journal of rhinology Vol.15 No.2

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disorder with numerous predisposing factors, including genetics, anatomic anomalies, bacteria, and fungus. CRS with nasal polyps can be distinguished by an eosinophilic type inflammation with a high concentration of IgE. Recent studies have implicated exposure to superantigens derived from Staphylococcus aureus and Alternaria as possible causes for the pahophysiology of nasal polyps. Superantigens are microbial toxins that bind to human leukocyte antigen class II histocompatibility molecules on antigen-presenting cells and T cell receptors on T cells simultaneously, bypassing classical antigen specificity. T lymphocyte sensitization to superantigen with production of the T-helper 2 cytokines has been proposed as a key step in the initiation of nasal polyps. This review summarize the current evidence for an active role of fungal and bacterial superantigens in CRS with nasal polyps. However, therapeutic approaches are so far limited and empirical, and need further improvement. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disorder with numerous predisposing factors, including genetics, anatomic anomalies, bacteria, and fungus. CRS with nasal polyps can be distinguished by an eosinophilic type inflammation with a high concentration of IgE. Recent studies have implicated exposure to superantigens derived from Staphylococcus aureus and Alternaria as possible causes for the pahophysiology of nasal polyps. Superantigens are microbial toxins that bind to human leukocyte antigen class II histocompatibility molecules on antigen-presenting cells and T cell receptors on T cells simultaneously, bypassing classical antigen specificity. T lymphocyte sensitization to superantigen with production of the T-helper 2 cytokines has been proposed as a key step in the initiation of nasal polyps. This review summarize the current evidence for an active role of fungal and bacterial superantigens in CRS with nasal polyps. However, therapeutic approaches are so far limited and empirical, and need further improvement.

당질스테로이드를 이용한 진균에 의한 비강상피세포의 활성화 억제

신승헌 대한비과학회 2006 Journal of rhinology Vol.13 No.1

Background and Objectives:Airway epithelial cells contribute to the pathogenesis of air disease by their interaction with inhalant pathogenic extracts. Airborne fungi interact with nasal epithelial cell and enhance the production of inflammatory cytokines. Glucocorticosteroids (GCs) have been used therapeutically for nasal polyps and allergic disease with potent anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of GCs on fungi induced nasal epithelial cell activation. Materials and Methods:The epithelial cells of nasal polyps were obtained from patients and stimulated with Alternaria. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of GCs, Alternaria was pretreated with GCs (triamcinolone, dexamethasone, and budesonide) and cultured with epithelial cells. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured to determine the activation of epithelial cells. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for protease-activated receptors (PARs) mRNA expression in nasal epithelial cells were performed. Results:Alternaria enhanced the production of IL-8 and GM-CSF from nasal epithelial cells. GCs inhibited the activation of nasal epithelial cells, but the PAR2 and PAR3 mRNA expression were not suppressed by GCs. Conclusion:These data suggest that GCs inhibit the production of chemical mediators by Alternaria, but anti-inflammatory effect of GCs are not associated with PARs. 당질스테로이드·Alternaria·비강상피세포·Protease-activated receptor.

時定數(Time Delay)가 큰 系에 對한 人間의 制御 Pattern

신승헌 啓明大學校 産業技術硏究所 1981 産業技術硏究所 論文報告集 Vol.3 No.-

Large individual differences in control pattern are observed when we control a control object with long time delay such as large tanker. A human control model was combined with a control object simulator to analyze differences. This human control model was devised to feed-back the information of location and direction which are essential to control a ship. It was possible to choose and change the appropriate coefficient relation to deviation between the current location of the ship and the value of the goal trajectory, and the feed-back gain of direction. And it was possible to represent the control pattern of long time delay system by individual. Followings are the results of the experiments with the human control model and operators. 1) The paper balance between the information of direction and direction is required. 2) The following tendency was proved when an operator turned more to be an expert ; its influence on the operator handle control became constant if the deviation becomes bigger. 3) When the ship`s speed was retained constant, the following tendency was observed ; the longer the time delay of the handle is made, the later the control performance became of operator paid attention to direction rather than deviation between current location and goal trajectory.

미국의 지역별 생산 유・가스전 가치평가의 특성요소 분석

신승헌,임종세,박희원 한국자원공학회 2012 한국자원공학회지 Vol.49 No.3

The value of oil and gas producing asset can be calculated by a discounted cash flow analysis and transaction metric analysis from historical transaction data. This paper presents an analysis on U.S. producing assets to characterize various factors affecting the value of oil and gas assets through the analysis of ten transaction data in Permian basin, Gulf of Mexico, and Texas & Oklahoma, U.S. The results of cash flow analysis on target projects show that transaction metrics can be affected by oil/gas ratio in reserves, well life related to well decline characteristics and PDP portion in proved reserves. The value of oil and gas asset increases with higher oil portion in reserves, higher initial production characteristics in case of equivalent reserves, longer life characteristics in case of equivalent current production rate. Also, offshore assets have higher portion of fixed operating cost and plug and abandon cost in total cash flow than onshore assets. 생산 유・가스전의 가치는 할인현금흐름분석법과 과거 유・가스전 거래사례에서 얻어진 매장량, 일생산량, 에이커 등의 거래 단가 등을 비교하여 결정된다. 이 연구에서는 미국의 대표적인 유전거래 지역인 퍼미안 분지, 멕시코만 해상, 텍사스-오클라호마 육상 3곳의 10개 유・가스전 자료를 이용하여 생산 유・가스전 거래단가에 영향을 미치는 특성요소들을 분석하였다. 각 유・가스전의 자료와 현금흐름분석 결과 지역적 유・가스전의특성인 원유/가스 매장량 비율, 생산감쇄율과 관련된 생산가채년수, 확인매장량 중 확인개발생산매장량의 비율 등에 따라 거래단가가 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 유가가 강세인 현재 매장량 중 원유 비율이 높을수록, 동일한 매장량의 유・가스전의 경우 멕시코만과 같이 회수가 빠른 유・가스전이, 동일한 양으로 생산 중인 유・가스전의 경우 퍼미안과 같이 가채년수가 긴 유・가스전이 높은 가치를 지닌다. 또한, 현금흐름을 통한 운영단가 분석 결과 해상의 경우 육상에 비해 고정 운영비 및 폐공 비용이 전체 현금흐름에서 차지하는 비중이 높음을 알 수 있었다.

Effects of Fungi and Eosinophils on Mucin Gene Expression in Rhinovirus-Infected Nasal Epithelial Cells

신승헌,예미경,김정규 대한천식알레르기학회 2014 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: Fungi, rhinoviruses (RVs), and eosinophils are associated with upper respiratory diseases. We evaluated the effects of fungal stimulationand eosinophil co-culture on the expression of mucin genes in RV-infected nasal polyp epithelial cells. Methods: Nasal polyp epithelial cells wereobtained from chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Cultured epithelial cells were stimulated with Alternaria and Aspergillus with or without RV-16 infection. The epithelial cells were co-cultured with eosinophils for 16 hours. MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC8 mRNA expressions in the epithelial cellswere quantified using real-time RT-PCR. To determine the underlying mechanism, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and mitogenactivatedprotein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors were used to inhibit mucin gene expression. Results: Fungi and RV-16 induced mucin gene expressionin nasal polyp epithelial cells. However, there was no synergistic increase in mucin gene expression, with the exception of MUC4 mRNA expressionstimulated by 25 μg/mL Aspergillus. When RV-16-infected epithelial cells were stimulated with fungi and then co-cultured with eosinophils, MUC4,MUC5B, and MUC8 mRNA expressions increased. Mucin gene expression was inhibited by NF-κB inhibitors. Conclusions: RV-16, airborne fungi,and eosinophils may exacerbate the inflammatory process in nasal mucosal diseases by enhancing mucin gene expression.

Th2 Responses Elicited by Nasal Epithelial Cells Exposed to House Dust Mite Extract

신승헌,예미경 대한이비인후과학회 2009 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.2 No.4

Objectives. Respiratory epithelial cells are the first site of interaction of allergens with the immune system. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of epithelial cells, which were stimulated with house dust mite (HDM) extracts, on the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods. Primary nasal polyp epithelial cells were exposed to dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and dermatophagoides farina for 48 hr, and then the supernatant and cells were collected. After stimulation with HDM extract, the epithelial cells were co-cultured with PBMCs for 72 hr and then the supernatant was collected. We measured the interleukin (IL)-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor to determine the activation of the epithelial cells. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, IL-5 and interferon-g were measured to evaluate the interaction between the epithelial cells and the PBMCs. The mRNA expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was assessed using the anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Results. The HDM extracts activated the nasal epithelial cells and enhanced the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA and cell membrane ICAM-1. When the activated epithelial cells were co-cultured with PBMCs, the PBMCs produced lager amounts of TNF-a and IL-5. However the cytokine production was not inhibited by pretreatment with ICAM-1 antibody. Conclusion. HDM allergens induce allergic inflammation by activating nasal epithelial cells, yet the interaction of the epitheila cells and the PBMCs may not be associated with an ICAM-1 medicated mechanism. Objectives. Respiratory epithelial cells are the first site of interaction of allergens with the immune system. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of epithelial cells, which were stimulated with house dust mite (HDM) extracts, on the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods. Primary nasal polyp epithelial cells were exposed to dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and dermatophagoides farina for 48 hr, and then the supernatant and cells were collected. After stimulation with HDM extract, the epithelial cells were co-cultured with PBMCs for 72 hr and then the supernatant was collected. We measured the interleukin (IL)-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor to determine the activation of the epithelial cells. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, IL-5 and interferon-g were measured to evaluate the interaction between the epithelial cells and the PBMCs. The mRNA expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was assessed using the anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Results. The HDM extracts activated the nasal epithelial cells and enhanced the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA and cell membrane ICAM-1. When the activated epithelial cells were co-cultured with PBMCs, the PBMCs produced lager amounts of TNF-a and IL-5. However the cytokine production was not inhibited by pretreatment with ICAM-1 antibody. Conclusion. HDM allergens induce allergic inflammation by activating nasal epithelial cells, yet the interaction of the epitheila cells and the PBMCs may not be associated with an ICAM-1 medicated mechanism.

옴나리스Ⓡ에 의한 비용상피세포 염증반응 및 점액유전자 발현 억제

신승헌,강승현,진효승,김이혁,예미경 대한이비인후과학회 2014 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.57 No.9

Background and Objectives Glucocorticoids are a potent anti-inflammatory agent. The au-thors conducted this study to investigate the effect of Omnaris® on suppression of inflammation induction and mucin gene expression in nasal polyp epithelial cells. Subjects and Method Primary nasal polyp epithelial cells were stimulated by 5 ug/mL of streptococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To determine the effects of Omnaris®, cells were pretreated with 200, 100, 10, 1 ng/mL of Omnaris®. The anti-inflammatory effect of epithelial cells were confirmed by measuring interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and mucin gene expressions were determined by real time PCR for MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC8. Results SEB and LPS enhanced the production of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF from nasal polyp epithelial cells. The increased cytokine levels were significantly suppressed by Omnaris® at 100 and 10 ng/mL. The expressions of MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC8 mRNA, and MUC4 mRNA were increased by SEB and LPS, respectively. The increased expression of these mucin genes were significantly suppressed by 100, 10, and 1 ng/mL of Omnaris®. Conclusion Omnaris® significantly suppressed the production of chemical mediators and mucin gene expression, which indicated that Omnaris® is effective in improving and treating inflammatory diseases in the nasal cavity. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2014;57(9):603-9

호산구성 만성비부비동염

신승헌 대한이비인후과학회 2013 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.56 No.9

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. Generally CRS can classify depend on the presence of polyps or eosinophilic infiltration. Eosinophils have immune-modulatory effects on the inflammatory response of CRS and eosinophilia has been noted to be a marker for more extensive disease. Eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) is a clinical entity of chronic inflammation accompanied by numerous infiltrations of eosinophils in sinonasal tissues. The purpose of this review is to define and characterize the potential subcategories of ECRS and to discuss pathophysiology for targeted treatment modalities. Although it is difficult to differentiate one form of ECRS from another, genetic and molecular study will lead to unreveal the immunologic mechanism and pathogenesis of ECRS.

연령증가(年齡增加)에 따른 신체동요(身體動搖)의 변화(變化)에 대하여

신승헌,Sin, Seung-Heon 대한인간공학회 1986 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.5 No.1

This research is aimed at examining age-related changes of postural sway when people stand upright, examining external effects which can be exerted upon the postural sway (experiment 1), and also analyzing specific changing characters of posture-control by sudden impacts (experiment 2). The total number of subjects was 115, who are in twenties through seventies and 75 of them were participated in experiment 2. In experimen 1, the subjects were examined for 25 seconds respectively while standing upright with both feet and with eyes opened, standing upright with both feet and with eyes closed, and standing upright with a single foot and with eyes opened. In experiment 2, only while standing upright with both feet and with eyes opened they were examined for 5 seconds. Main findings were as follows: 1. In the single-foot standing position, the growing older exerted more important effects upon the fluctuation length and area of the center of gravity than in the both-foot standing position. 2. The standard deviation was increasing with age in the fluctuation length and the fluctuation area of the center of gravity. 3. There were no significant differences in daily variation, temperature change, and muscle burdening. 4. The recuperation from the postural sway by external impacts was so slow with age. 5. There were little differences in decrease frequencies among the subjects but younger persons.

만성 부비동염과 진균의 역할

신승헌 대한이비인후과학회 2003 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.46 No.4