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한우 포유모우의 산유량 및 유성분에 관한 연구 2 . 포유모우의 산유량에 관한 연구
강수원,정연후,손용석 ( S . W . Kang,Y . H . Chung,Y . S . Son ) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.1
This experiment was carried out to investigate dam`s milk secretion potential as well as the individual factors affecting the milk yield in nursing Korean native cows. The milk yield of each cow was measured by the newly developed milking procedure in which a portable vacumn-operated bucket milker was used at two quarters of each cow`s udder while the calf was simultaneously suckling at the other two teats. One hundred and two nursing cow-calf pairs were examined for 5 years from Feb. 1985 to Oct. 1989. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The average daily and total milk yield of dams for 180 days was 3.49 and 627.5kg, respectively. although great individual difference in daily milk production existed ranging from 6.20 to 1.60kg. 2. The average daily milk yield measured at 30 day intervals from 1 to 6 months after parturition was 4.73, 4.34, 3.70, 3.21, 2.73 and 2.20kg, respectively. 3. Maximum point of the average daily milk yield was within the 10th day after parturition, thereafter milk production was linearly decreased by 0.017kg per day through remaining lactation period. 4. Dam`s parity, age and body weight immediately after parturition had a quadratic effect on milk yield reaching its maximum at 5.5th parity, 1 t years old and 467.5kg, respectively. 5. When the body measurements of dam and milk yield was correlated right after calving, higher milk yield was obtained with increasing body-length, withers-height, chest-depth and rump-length. The highest amount of milk was produced when the ratio of withers-height to the body weight was about 4 to 1.
한우 포유모우의 산유량 및 유성분에 관한 연구 3 . 한우유의 이화학적 특성 및 성분에 관한 연구
강수원,정연후,손용석 ( S . W . Kang,Y . H . Chung,Y . S . Son ) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.2
From 102 heads of Korean Native Cows, the milk of 620 samples were collected bi-weekly during post-partum 6 months, and analyzed for measuring physico-chemical properties and some components. The results obtained are summarized as follows; l. Average specific gravity, pH and acidity of total milk samples was 1.035, 6.68 and 0.215, respectively. 2. The ratio of average butter fat, protein, lactose, ash and total solids of total milk samples was 4.69, 4.10, 4.23, 0.85 and 13.86%, respectively. 3. Specific gravity, pH and acidity of the milk produced within 180 days tended to be higher in late days than in early days of lactation. 4. The ratio of butter fat, protein and total solids of the milk increased with proceeding lactation, whereas ash-ratio stayed relatively unchanged and lactose-ratio declined, and negative correlations were observed between the milk yield and the components. 5. Gross energy content of each kilogram milk calculated from the chemical composition during the period of 180 days was 801, 790, 795, 816, 850 and 896 Kcal for l, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 month, respectively, averaging 825 Kcal.
Holstein과 교잡종 거세우 및 처녀우의 성장발육, 사료이용성 및 도체특성 비교 연구
강수원,오영균,김경훈,최창원,손용석,Kang, S.W.,Oh, Y.K.,Kim, K.H.,Choi, C.W.,Son, Y.S. 한국축산학회 2005 한국축산학회지 Vol.47 No.4
Holstein 및 교잡종(Holstein♀×한우♂)의 거세우 및 처녀우 각 8두씩 총 32두(평균체중, Holstein 거세우:196.9±25.2kg, Holstein 처녀우:163.4±11.3kg, 교잡종 거세우:169.6±24.9kg, 교잡종 처녀우 156.9±15.6kg)를 대상으로 7개월령부터 24개월령까지 비육시험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 성장단계별 일당증체량은 육성기, 비육전기, 비육중기 및 비육후기에 각각 0.733~1.018(평균 0.869), 0.994~1.255(평균 1.094), 0.947~1.259(평균 1.122) 및 0.736~0.824kg(평균 0.790kg)으로 비육중기>비육전기>육성기>비육후기의 순으로 높았다. 그러나 전 비육기간의 일당증체량은 0.882~1.061kg(평균 0.957kg)으로 순종이 교잡종보다 0.072kg(7.3%), 그리고 성별로는 거세우가 처녀우에 비해 0.106kg(10.5%)이 더 증체되었다. 전 비육기간의 농후사료 급여수준은 체중의 1.9% 내외이고, 볏짚은 농후사료 급여량의 25% 수준이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 1kg 증체에 소요된 농후사료 및 TDN량은 순종이 교잡종보다 4.6%가 많았으며, 처녀우가 거세우보다 7.3%가 많아 순종보다는 교잡종이, 그리고 처녀우보다 거세우의 사료이용성이 높았다. 도체조사 결과, 등지방두께는 순종이 교잡종보다 엷었고, 등심단면적은 순종이 교잡종보다 적었다. 도체중 1kg에 대한 등심단면적은 순종보다 교잡종이, 그리고 거세우보다 처녀우가 넓었다. 그리고 육색은 교잡종보다 순종이 우수하였으나 성별에 따른 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 쇠고기의 물리화학적 특성에서 전단력, 가열감량 및 보수력 등과 관능검사 결과의 다즙성, 연도 및 향미 등은 순종보다 교잡종이, 그리고 거세우보다 처녀우가 우수하였다. 이상과 같은 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 고급육생산은 순종보다 교잡종이, 그리고 거세우보다 처녀우가 유리하고, Holstein 및 교잡종의 거세우 및 처녀우 비육시 농후사료는 체중의 1.9%, 볏짚은 농후사료 량의 25% 수준에서 결정하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 판단된다. Present study was conducted to investigate the optimal feeding levels for producing the high quality meat on the basis of the information deriving from the comparison of the growth performance and carcass characteristics among breeds(Holstein vs F1, Holstein♀×Hanwoo♂), sex(steer vs heifer) and interaction between breed and sex. Thirty two animals on 4 treatments(i.e. eight head each) were used for 540 days from seven to 24 months of age. The results obtained are summarized as follows; the range of average daily gains was 0.733 to 1.018, 0.994 to 1.255, 0.947 to 1.259 and 0.736 to 0.824kg for the growing, the early-fattening, the mid- fattening and the finishing periods, respectively. The range of average daily gains for the entire period was 0.882 to 1.061kg. The gains were higher for Holstein(7.3%) and the steers(10.5%) than F1 and the heifers, respectively. Concentrates and total digestible nutrients intakes per kg gain were higher for Holstein and the heifers than F1 and the steers, respectively. These findings may indicate that feed utilization is higher for Holstein than F1, and higher for the steers than the heifers. In carcass characteristics, back fat thickness was thicker for Holstein than F1, and rib-eye area was smaller for Holstein than F1. The rib-eye area per kg carcass weight was larger for F1 and the heifers than Holstein and the steers, respectively. Meat color was better for Holstein than F1, but the sex distinction did not show any differences. In physicochemical properties of longissimus dorsi, shear force, cooking loss, water holding capacity and the panel test scores of juiciness, tenderness and flavor for F1 and the heifers were better than those for Holstein and the steers, respectively. According to the above results, we may conclude that F1 and heifers rather than Holstein and steers are recommended for high quality meat production. In steers and heifers of Holstein and F1, the optimal feeding levels may be 1.9% of apparent body weight for concentrates and 25% of concentrates intake for rice straw.