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박혁진,권동원,상완규,반호영,장성율,백재경,이윤호,임우진,서명철,조정일 한국농림기상학회 2023 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.25 No.1
Weeds are one of the factors that reduce crop yield through nutrient and photosynthetic competition. Quantification of weed density are an important part of making accurate decisions for precision weeding. In this study, we tried to quantify the density of weeds in images of maize fields taken by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). UAV image data collection took place in maize fields from May 17 to June 4, 2021, when maize was in its early growth stage. UAV images were labeled with pixels from maize and those without and the cropped to be used as the input data of the semantic segmentation network for the maize detection model. We trained a model to separate maize from background using the deep learning segmentation networks DeepLabV3+, U-Net, Linknet, and FPN. All four models showed pixel accuracy of 0.97, and the mIOU score was 0.76 and 0.74 in DeepLabV3+ and U-Net, higher than 0.69 for Linknet and FPN. Weed density was calculated as the difference between the green area classified as ExGR (Excess green-Excess red) and the maize area predicted by the model. Each image evaluated for weed density was recombined to quantify and visualize the distribution and density of weeds in a wide range of maize fields. We propose a method to quantify weed density for accurate weeding by effectively separating weeds, maize, and background from UAV images of maize fields. 포장에서 잡초의 발생은 농작물의 생산량을 크게 떨 어트리는 원인 중 하나이고 SSWM을 기반으로 잡초를 변량 방제하기 위해서 잡초의 발생 위치, 밀도 그리고 이를 정량화하는 것은 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 2020년의 국립식량과학원에서 잡초 피해를 입은 옥수 수 포장의 영상데이터를 무인항공기를 활용해서 수집 하였고 이를 배경과 옥수수로 분리하여 딥러닝 기반 영 상 분할 모델 제작을 위한 학습데이터를 획득하였다. DeepLabV3+, U-Net, Linknet, FPN의 4가지의 영상 분할 네트워크들의 옥수수의 검출 정확도를 평가하기 위해 픽셀정확도, mIOU, 정밀도, 재현성의 지표를 활용해서 정확도를 검증하였다. 검증 결과 DeepLabV3+ 모델이 0.76으로 가장 높은 mIOU를 나타냈고, 해당 모델과 식물체의 녹색 영역과 배경을 분리하는 지수인 ExGR을 활용해서 잡초의 면적을 정량화, 시각화하였다. 이러한 연구의 결과는 무인항공기로 촬영된 영상을 활용해서 넓은 면적의 옥수수 포장에서 빠르게 잡초의 위치와 밀도를 특정하고 정량화하는 것으로 잡초의 밀도에 따른 제초제의 변량 방제를 위한 의사결정에 도움 이 될 것으로 기대한다.
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경기도 인천지역 분포하는 화산암류에 대한 중력 및 자력 탐사 연구
박혁진 대한자원환경지질학회 1999 자원환경지질 Vol.32 No.6
The gravity and magnetic measurements have been obtained from 34 stations with 50m intervals along the survey line positioned between Jangtanri and sindapri for studying subsurface geology and structures of the volcanic rocks in Yeoncheon area. The Bouguer gravity and magnetic anomaly values were evaluated from the reduction of the field observation, and then interpreted by Nettleton's method and maximum-pepth rules, are approximately 160m based on magnetic data and 135m based on gravity data. High Bouguer gravity anomaly zone between 0m in Jangtanri and 900m along the survery line, is caused by thick and high density, older dasalt which is positioned beneath jijangbong tuff breccia, and this result corresponds to the interpretation result based on magnetic anomly. Lower gravity and magnetic anomaly zones ariund 900m are caused by between 1300m and 1550m are caused by high density of Quarternary basalt exposed in the surface, and lower gravity and magnetic anomalies at 200m and 1250m are caused by faults.
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Blood Pressure Targets and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
박혁진,홍영준,조재영,심두선,윤현주,김계훈,김주한,안영근,정명호,조정관,박종춘,other Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Investigators 대한심장학회 2017 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.47 No.4
Background and Objectives: The optimal blood pressure (BP) target in patients with a history of acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains as a subject of debate. The ‘J curve phenomenon’ has been suggested as a target for BP control, however, it is unclear whether this phenomenon can be applied to MI patients. We analyzed patients with acute MI and investigated whether the ‘J curve phenomenon’ exists in this population. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from a nationwide prospective Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry, which included 10337 patients with acute MI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between 2011 and 2014. The patients were divided into quintiles according to systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), which were measured during a two-year clinical follow up. Two-year cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was analyzed among the groups. Results: MACE was defined as a composite of cardiac death, need for recurrent revascularization (repeated PCI or coronary arterial bypass graft due to recurrent anginal symptoms or reoccurrence of MI), ischemic cerebrovascular accident, and need for hospitalization due to heart failure. During the two-year follow up, the total cumulative incidence of MACE was 9.7% (n=1005). BP-MACE analysis showed a U-shaped curve for both SBP and DBP, with the lowest MACE rate in quintiles with an average SBP of 112.2 mmHg and DBP of 73.3 mmHg. On Cox regression analysis, the U-shaped relation was statistically significant. Conclusion: In patients with acute MI, a ‘U curve phenomenon’ was observed when assessing patient BP control versus MACE rate.
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박혁진,우익,엄정기,Park, Hyuck-Jin,Woo, Ik,Um, Jeong-Gi 대한자원환경지질학회 2009 자원환경지질 Vol.42 No.4
풍화작용은 암석의 물리적 및 화학적 특성을 변화시킬 뿐만 아니라 공학적 특성에도 영향을 미친다. 대개 풍화는 암석의 밀도 및 강도, 내부마찰각과 점착력 등을 감소시키며 이로 인해 암석으로 구성된 사면의 안정성에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 풍화등급에 따른 암반 사면의 안정성을 분석하여 풍화가 사면의 안정성에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보았다. 이를 위하여 암반사면의 안정성에 가장 주요한 영향을 미치는 불연속면 시료를 풍화등급별로 채취하여 공학적인 특성의 변화를 분석하였다. 이러한 결과를 활용하여 신선한 암반으로 구성된 사면과 풍화된 암반으로 구성된 사면의 안전율을 산정하였다. 신선한 암반의 경우 안전율이 1.25로 안전한 것으로 분석되었으며 풍화된 암반의 경우 안전율이 1.0으로 계산되었다. 그러나 이렇게 산정된 안전율은 값의 분산이 심한 불연속면 거칠기 계수(JRC)와 잔류마찰각에 따라 심하게 변동되고 있어 안전율로 사면의 안정성을 정확하게 파악하기 힘든 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 불연속면 거칠기 계수(JRC)와 잔류마찰각이 일정한 범위 내에 분포한다는 점에 착안하여 확률변수로 고려하였으며 확률론적 해석을 수행하였다. 확률론적 해석 결과 신선한 암반에서의 파괴확률은 25.6%로 계산되어 매우 불안정한 것으로 파악되었으며 풍화된 암반의 경우는 45.9%의 파괴확률이 획득되었다. 현장으로부터 획득된 자료들의 분산으로 인해 결정론적 해석기법은 사면의 안정성을 평가하는 데 부적절한 것으로 판단된다. Since weathering weakens the rock fabric and exaggerates any structural weakness, it affects mechanical properties as well as physical and chemical properties of rock. Weathering leads to a decrease in density, strength, friction angle and cohesion, and subsequently it affects negatively on the stability of rock slope. The purpose of the study is to investigate the changes of the rock slope stability caused by discontinuities which have different weathering grades. For that, the discontinuity samples which are divided into two different weathering grades are obtained from the field and tested their mechanical properties such as JCS, JRC and residual friction angle. In order to evaluate the effects on the stability of slope due to weathering, the deterministic analysis is carried out. That is, the factors of safety for planar failure are calculated for rock masses which have two different weathering grades, such as fresh and weathered rock mass. However, since the JRC and friction angle values are widely scattered and the deterministic analysis cannot consider the variation, the factors of safety cannot represent properly the stability of the rock slope. Therefore, the probabilistic analysis has been used to consider the scattered values. In the deterministic analysis, the factors of safety for the fresh discontinuity and weathered discontinuity are 1.25 and 1.0, respectively. The results indicate the fresh discontinuities are stable for planar failure and the weathered discontinuities are marginally stable. However, the probabilities of failure for the fresh discontinuity and weathered discontinuity are 25.6% and 45.9%, respectively. This shows that both discontinuities are analyzed as unstable in the probabilistic analysis.
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