골격근 Contractile Protein에 대한 Ca⁺⁺의 영향

박찬웅(Park, C.W.),정명희(Chung, M.H.),오진섭(Oh, J.S.) 대한약리학회 1972 대한약리학잡지 Vol.8 No.2

Superprecipitation of actomyosin has been considered to be an in vitro model of the muscle contraction. The superprecipitation and ATPase activity (which supplies the energy for contraction) are influenced by several factors which are the large amount of changes in ionic strength, Mg and ATP concentrations. But those behaviors are found to be promptly influenced by the change in a small range of calcium concentration which can be controlled by the cellular function of muscle physiologically only in the presence of the modullatory proteins, tropomyosin and troponin. In order to elucidate the precise roles of calcium in the muscle contraction and relaxation, the effects of calcium on the actin- myosin interaction was observed in the presence of tropomyosin and troponin using the superprecipitation system. The results are summarized as follows: 1. EGTA (glycol ether diaminetetraacetic acid)prolonged the initiation of the superprecipitation of natural actomyosin. 2. Superprecipitation curve was declined by adding EGTA at the time when tile curve reached the half- maximum. The degree of declining was proportional to the amount of EGTA added. Especially, upon adding 0.25 mM EGTA the curve was lowered to the level before the protein superprecipitated. But addition of EGTA did not affect the curve after attaining the maximum. 3. Superprecipitation of Perry myosin B was not affected by EGTA added both before and during the course of the reaction. 4. Tropomyosin did not change the response of Perry myosin B to EGTA added at any time of the reaction. 5. Troponin also did not change the response of Perry myosin B to EGTA. 6. Both tropomyosin and troponin together rendered the Perry myosin B to obtain the same response as natural actomyosin to EGTA. 7. It was concluded that actin-myosin interaction was influenced by the minute change of calcium concentration only in the presence of both tropomyosin and troponin. We could reproduce the contraction and relaxation of the muscle in vitro under the presence of ATP by changing the calcium concentration.

정상인에서의 경구용 Pyrazinamide의 약력학적 연구

박찬웅 ( C. W. Park ),신상구 ( S. G. Shin ),이선희 ( S. H. Lee ),한용철 ( Y. C. Han ),이정상 ( J. S. Lee ),김성권 ( S. G. Kim ),김대중 ( D. J. Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1986 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.33 No.2

종합 아미노산수액 투여에 의한 Nitrogen balance의 임상적 검토

박찬웅,임정규,이장규,이진오,박귀원,Park, C.W.,Lim, J.K.,Lee, J.K.,Lee, J.O.,Park, K.W. 대한약리학회 1977 대한약리학잡지 Vol.13 No.2

The nitrogen sparing effect of intravenous 3% amino acid solution was compared with 5% dextrose solution in 30 patients who were undergoing surgical operations or radiation therapy. Infusion of 3% amino acid solution or 5% dextrose solution was given before and immediately after operations or irradiation and continued for 6 days. Infusion of solutions through peripheral vein was well tolerated and not experienced any specific hematologic or blood chemistry change in all patients subjected throughout the experiment. The patients received 3% amino acid solution showed low blood glucose and insulin level, but significantly high blood urea nitrogen and ketone body. In patients receiving amino acids, as compared with those receiving dextrose, mean cumulative six day nitrogen losses were significantly lower($63.95{\pm}2.12$ Gm and $79.12{\pm}2.43Gm$ respectively). The nitrogen sparing effect of amino acids is probably due to decreased glucose and insulin levels allowing greater endogenous fat mobilization.

인삼 Saponin이 백서부고환지방조직에서의 유리지방산동원에 미치는 효과

박찬웅(Park C.W.),김명석(Kim M.S.) 대한약리학회 1974 대한약리학잡지 Vol.10 No.1

Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate 완충용액(pH 7.4, 4%(w/v) bovine serum albumin 함유)에 백서부고환지방조직을 incubation 하면서 FFA 유리에 대한 인삼 saponin의 작용을 관찰한 saponin 농도 1mg/ml에서 FFA의 유리가 현저히 증가되었으며 0.01mg/ml에서는 오히려 감소하였다. Epinephrine으로 전처치하여 hormone-sensitive lipase system을 활성화시킨 백서부고환지방조직 homogenate에서는 0.1 ~ 1mg/ml의 인삼 saponin에 의하여 FFA 동원이 현저히 증가하였으며 0.01mg/ml에서는 역시 감소하였다. 유효농도에서의 인삼 saponin은 epinephrine에 의한 지방조직으로 부터의 FFA 동원에 아마도 협동적으로 작용할 것으로 사료된다. The effect of ginseng saponin on the release of free fatty acid from adipose tissue was studied in vitro. 1. The mobilization of free fatty acid from intact epididymal fat pad of rat, incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) contained bovine serum albumin (4 w/v%), was increased by addition of ginseng sponin (1 mg/ml). 2. The mobilization of free fatty acid from homogenate of the epididymal fat pad of rat, of which hormone-sensitive lipese system was activated by pre-incubation of intact fat pad in the presence of epinephrine, was markedly increased by addition of ginseng saponin (0.1 ~ 1mg/ml). 3. It is considered that ginseng saponin potentiate the actions of epinephrine on hormone-sensitive lipase system of the adipose tissue of rat.

감초알카로이드에 관한 연구(제 4 보) -감초 알카로이드 분획의 항궤양작용에 대한 검토-

홍사악,박찬웅,조항영,이철우,Hong, S.A.,Park, C.W.,Cho, H.Y.,Lee, C.W. 대한약리학회 1969 대한약리학잡지 Vol.5 No.2

Anti-ulcer activity of licorice alkaloid fraction, separated from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. by fractionation according to general alkaloid purification procedure, were studied with various experimental gastric ulcers. In Shay ulcer, licorice alkaloid fraction inhibit significantly response rate and severity of ulcer. But there was no significant changes in volume and pH of gastric contents. A male rat was fixed on a board and immersed up to breast in water of $25^{\circ}C$ for 20 hrs. Hemorrhage and erosion develop in all the animals on the mucosa of the glandular portion of stomach. Licorice alkaloid fraction (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg) inhibit significantly in the severity of stress ulcer but there was no changes in the response rate. Chlorpromazine produce marked inhibition in the severity and response rate of ulcer It was suggested that at least the anti-ulcer activity of licorice alkaloid fraction was not mediated by central depression.

Cefoperazone(T-1551)의 약리학적 연구

임정규,홍사악,박찬웅,김명석,서유헌,신상구,김용식,김혜원,이정수,장기철,이상국,장우현,김익상,Lim J.K.,Hong S.A.,Park C.W.,Kim M.S.,Suh Y.H.,Shin S.G.,Kim Y.S.,Kim H.W.,Lee J.S.,Chang K.C.,Lee S.K.,Chang K.C.,Kim I.S. 대한약리학회 1980 대한약리학잡지 Vol.16 No.2

The pharmacological and microbiological studies of Cefoperazone (T-1551, Toyama Chemical Co., Japan) were conducted in vitro and in vivo. The studies included stability and physicochemical characteristics, antimicrobial activity, animal and human pharmacokinetics, animal pharmacodynamics and safety evaluation of Cefoperazone sodium for injection. 1) Stability and physicochemical characteristics. Sodium salt of cefoperazone for injection had a general appearance of white crystalline powder which contained 0.5% water, and of which melting point was $187.2^{\circ}C$. The pH's of 10% and 25% aqueous solutions were 5.03 ana 5.16 at $25^{\circ}C$. The preparations of cefoperazone did not contain any pyrogenic substances and did not liberate histamine in cats. The drug was highly compatible with common infusion solutions including 5% Dextrose solution and no significant potency decrease was observed in 5 hours after mixing. Powdered cefoperazone sodium contained in hermetically sealed and ligt-shielded container was highly stable at $4^circ}C{\sim}37^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. When stored at $4^{\circ}C$ the potency was retained almost completely for up to one year. 2) Antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates. Among the 230 clinical isolates included, Salmonella typhi was the most susceptible to cefoperazone, with 100% inhibition at MIC of ${\leq}0.5{\mu}g/ml$. Cefoperazone was also highly active against Streptococcus pyogenes(group A), Kletsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella flexneri, with 100% inhibition at $16{\mu}g/ml$ or less. More than 80% of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Salmonella paratyphi was inhibited at ${\leq}16{\mu}/ml$, while Enterobacter cloaceae, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aerogenosa were somewhat less sensitive to cefoperagone, with inhibitions of 60%, 55% and 35% respectively at the same MIC. 3) Animal pharmacokinetics Serum concentration, organ distritution and excretion of cefoperazone in rats were observed after single intramuscular injections at doses of 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg. The extent of protein binding to human plasma protein was also measured in vitro br equilibrium dialysis method. The mean Peak serum concentrations of $7.4{\mu}g/ml$ and $16.4{\mu}/ml$ were obtained at 30 min. after administration of cefoperazone at doses of 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively. The tissue concentrations of cefoperazone measured at 30 and 60 min. were highest in kidney. And the concentrations of the drug in kidney, liver and small intestine were much higher than in blood. Urinary and fecal excretion over 24 hours after injetcion ranged form 12.5% to 15.0% in urine and from 19.6% to 25.0% in feces, indicating that the gastrointestinal system is more important than renal system for the excretion of cefoperazone. The extent of binding to human plasma protein measured by equilibrium dialysis was $76.3%{\sim}76.9%$, which was somewhat lower than the others utilizing centrifugal ultrafiltration method. 4) Animal pharmacodynamics Central nervous system : Effects of cefoperazone on the spontaneous movement and general behavioral patterns of rats, the pentobarbital sleeping time in mice and the body temperature in rabbits were observed. Single intraperitoneal injections at doses of $500{\sim}2,000mg/kg$ in rats did not affect the spontaneous movement ana the general behavioral patterns of the animal. Doses of $125{\sim}500mg/kg$ of cefoperazone injected intraperitonealy in mice neither increased nor decreased the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. In rabbits the normal body temperature was maintained following the single intravenous injections of $125{\sim}2,000mg/kg$ dose. Respiratory and circulatory system: Respiration rate, blood pressure, heart rate and ECG of anesthetized rabbits were monitored for 3 hours following single intravenous inje

부자 Butanol Fraction이 가토 심장근 Microsomal Na⁺-K⁺-activated ATPase 활성도에 미치는 영향부자 Butanol Fraction이 가토 심장근 Microsomal Na⁺-K⁺-activated ATPase 활성도에 미치는 영향

신상구(S.G. Shin),임정규(J.K. Lim),박찬웅(C.W. Park),김명석(M.S. Kim) 대한약리학회 1976 대한약리학잡지 Vol.12 No.1

Aconiti tuber butanol fraction shows positive inotropic effect on the isolated atrium of rabbit heart. To investigate the mechanism, the effect on microsomal ATPase activity of rabbit heart is observed. The microsomal fraction which contains the Na⁺- and K⁺-activated ATPase in the presence of Mg⁺⁺ is isolated from the left ventricle of rabbit heart. The microsomal ATPase activity is maximally stimulated at Na⁺ and K⁺ concentration of 100 mM and 10 mM respectively. Microsomal Na⁺-K⁺-activated ATPase is inhibited by ouabain and Aconiti tuber butanol fraction. Ouabain and Aconiti tuber butanol fraction depress Na⁺-stimulation on microsomal ATPase activity, and the inhibitory effects are not completely reversed at Na⁺ concentration of 300 mM. Also, K⁺-stimulation on microsomal ATPase activity is inhibited by ouabin and Aconiti tuber butanol fraction and the inhibitions are not compeletely reversed at K⁺ concentration of 30 mM. It is, therefore, suggested that the inhibitory effect of Aconiti tuber butanol fraction on the microsomal ATPase activity may contribute to leading to the positive inotropic effect.

신기능장애 및 혈액투석환자에서의 Pyrazinamide 의 약력학적 연구

김대중(D . J . Kim),김성권(S . K . Kim),이정상(J . S . Lee),한용철(Y . C . Han),이문호(M . H . Lee),이선희(S . H . Lee),신상구(S . G . Shin),박찬웅(C . W . Park) 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.31 No.1

The pharmacokinetics of single oral dose(lgm) of pyrazinamide was studied in 20 patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency including 6 patients on long-term hemodialysis. The average 24 hr urinary recovery of pyrazinamide in patients with creatinine clearance 10 to 30 ml/hr/kg, and patients with creatinine clearance lesser than 10 ml/hr/kg were 7.5 and 0.9% of administered dose respectively. Serum half-life of the drug was slightly, but significantly(p<0.05), prolonged in patients with creatinine clearance lesser than 10 ml/hr/kg(half-life; 11.25±2.55 hr) compared with normal subjects(half-life; 8.21±1.38 hr) previously reported. The mean serm half-life of pyrazinamide in patients on longterm hemodialysis was 12.26±2.92 hr. The half-life fell to 3.52±1.17 hr during hemodialysis. It was estimated that approximately 41% of drug in the body was removed into dialysate during 4 hr dialysis. The mean dialysance of pyrazinamide was 91.40±2.83 ml/min. From the observed pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide in patients with impaired renal function, it is suggested that adjustment of dosage regimen may not be required for patients just with impaired renal function. However, replacement of dialysed fraction of pyrazinamide would be required for the maintenance of adequate serum level.

골격근 Contractile Protein에 대한 $Ca^{++}$의 영향

박찬웅,정명희,오진섭,Park, C.W.,Chung, M.H.,Oh, J.S. 대한약리학회 1972 대한약리학잡지 Vol.8 No.2

Superprecipitation of actomyosin has been considered to be an in vitro model of the muscle contraction. The superprecipitation and ATPase activity (which supplies the energy for contraction) are influenced by several factors which are the large amount of changes in ionic strength, Mg and ATP concentrations. But those behaviors are found to be promptly influenced by the change in a small range of calcium concentration which can be controlled by the cellular function of muscle physiologically only in the presence of the modullatory proteins, tropomyosin and troponin. In order to elucidate the precise roles of calcium in the muscle contraction and relaxation, the effects of calcium on the actin- myosin interaction was observed in the presence of tropomyosin and troponin using the superprecipitation system. The results are summarized as follows: 1. EGTA (glycol ether diaminetetraacetic acid)prolonged the initiation of the superprecipitation of natural actomyosin. 2. Superprecipitation curve was declined by adding EGTA at the time when tile curve reached the half- maximum. The degree of declining was proportional to the amount of EGTA added. Especially, upon adding 0.25 mM EGTA the curve was lowered to the level before the protein superprecipitated. But addition of EGTA did not affect the curve after attaining the maximum. 3. Superprecipitation of Perry myosin B was not affected by EGTA added both before and during the course of the reaction. 4. Tropomyosin did not change the response of Perry myosin B to EGTA added at any time of the reaction. 5. Troponin also did not change the response of Perry myosin B to EGTA. 6. Both tropomyosin and troponin together rendered the Perry myosin B to obtain the same response as natural actomyosin to EGTA. 7. It was concluded that actin-myosin interaction was influenced by the minute change of calcium concentration only in the presence of both tropomyosin and troponin. We could reproduce the contraction and relaxation of the muscle in vitro under the presence of ATP by changing the calcium concentration.

Chain Code 발생빈도를 이용한 삼각형 및 사각형의 꼭지점 인식 알고리즘

김선일(K. S. KIM),손주리(J. R. SON),박찬웅(C. W. PARK) 대한전기학회 1987 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1987 No.7