메이지신궁과 ‘화혼양재(和魂洋才)’

박규태(Park Kyu Tae) 원광대학교 종교문제연구소 2018 한국종교 Vol.43 No.-

일본 근대화를 성취한 메이지(明治)시대의 연호는 말할 것도 없이 메이지천황에서 비롯된 것이며, 이런 의미에서 메이지천황은 근대 일본을 대표하는 상징 중 하나라고 말할 수 있다. 마찬가지로 메이지천황과 쇼켄(昭憲)황태후를 제신으로 모신 메이지신궁(明治神宮)은 근대신도를 대표하는 상징적 공간이라 할 만하다. 근대신도의 두드러진 특징으로 특정 인간을 제신으로 모신 창건신사를 빼놓을 수 없는데, 메이지신궁은 그 중 천황을 제신으로 모신 창건신사의 ‘특별한’ 사례라 할 수 있다. 메이지신궁은 여타의 창건신사와는 달리 내원(內苑)과 외원(外苑)이라는 이원적 구조로 이루어져있기 때문이다. 1920년 현 도쿄 도심부인 시부야구 요요기(代々木)에 건립된 메이지신궁은 신사건축을 기조로 한 내원과 서양식 공원인 외원 및 양자를 연결하는 참배로(表参道)로 이루어진 종교=문화복합공간이다. 이 중 일명 ‘요요기의 숲(代々木の杜)’이라 불리는 70만 평방미터의 내원은 12만그루(365종)의 헌목으로 이루어진 인공림으로 통상 신도 진수숲(鎮守の森)의 이상형으로 말해지기도 한다. 한편 외원의 경우는 서양풍의 〈성덕기념회화관〉(聖德記念繪畵館)과 메이지천황의 장례식 터가 위치하고, 그 왼쪽에는 〈국립경기장〉(구메이지신궁 외원경기장)과 신궁구장(神宮球場)을 비롯한 각종 스포츠 시설들이 들어서 있으며, 오른쪽에는 메이지천황이 대일본제국헌법을 발포했던 〈메이지기념관〉(구 헌법기념관)이 배치되어 있다. 본고의 목적은 ‘토착적=일본적 근대화’라는 관점에서 일본 근대성의 한 상징인 메이지신궁의 이원적 공간구조와 구성원리에 내포된 함의 및 의의를 특히 ‘화혼양재’(和魂洋才)라는 모토와 결부시켜 규명하는 데에 있다. 이때 ‘토착적=화혼, 근대화=양재’라는 기본도식과 함께 양자의 상호 중충성 혹은 교차성에 주목할 것이다. During the Meiji Age Japanese modernization was accomplished, and in that sense the Emperor Meiji is one of the symbols that represents modern Japan. Similarly , the Meiji Shrine is a symbolic space that represents modern Shinto religion that enshrined as ritual gods the Emperor Meiji and the Empress Shoken. As one of the outstanding features of modern Shinto religion, the founding Shrine that enshrined as ritual gods specific human beings can not be left out. The Meiji Shrine was a special case of establishing a shrine that enshrined the Emperor as a ritual god. This is because the Meiji Shrine, different from other established shrines, was composed of a dual structure of Inner Park and Outer Park. In 1920, the Meiji Shrine was built at Yoyogi in Sibuya in the present downtown of Tokyo. It is a complex space of religion and culture that was constructed with a visiting road to connect both the Inner Park, based on Shrine buildings, and the Outer Park, a Westernized park. The Inner Park of 700,000 square meters, called the Forest of Yoyogi, is an artificial forest made up of 365 kinds of 120,000 donated trees, and it is said to be ordinarily an ideal Shintoist forest. On the other hand, in the Outer Park, the Western-styled Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery and the burial site Emperor Meiji are located, and on it’s left various sports facilities were built including the National Stadium (stadium at the outer park of former Meiji Shrine) and the Ball Park of Divine Shrine, while on the right the Meiji Commemoration Hall (former Constitution Commemoration Hall) was built where Emperor Meiji proclaimed the Constitution of the great Japanese Empire. The object of this paper is to investigate the meaning, contained in the principle of a dual space structure, of the constitution of the Meiji Shrine that is a symbol of Japanese modernity - especially in association with the dictum: ‘Japanese spirit combined with Western Learning’, from the standpoint of ‘indigenous, Japanese modernization.’ When conducting this investigation, based on the notion that ‘indigenous’ means the Japanese spirit, and ‘modernization’ means embracing Western Learning, the paper concentrates on the characteristics of mutual interfusion and exchanges between the two cultures of Japan and the West, the former representing indigenous being and the latter representing modernization.

골격성 3급 부정교합자의 술후 교합평면의 변화에 관한 연구 (측모두부방사선 규격사진계측을 중심으로)

박규태,이상철,Park, Kyu-Tae,Lee, Sang-Chull 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 1997 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.19 No.1

This study was made with lateral cephalometric radiography of 28 skeletal class III malocclusion patients that were performed to setback surgery of mandible. The 28 patients were selected by four standards as follows. 1) Set-back amount of mandible is below 10 mm 2) No extrusion and intrusion of posterior tooth or alteration of interincisial angle at period of postoperative orthodontic treatment. 3) Change of mesial segment location of mandible on lateral cephalometrics 4) No genioplasty And 28 patients were divided to three group(1,2,3 group) by degree of preoperative occlusal plane angle to Burstone's horizontal plane. The preoperative occlusal plane angle, which of 1 group was smaller than $7^{\circ}$ and 2 group was between $7^{\circ}$ to $15^{\circ}$ and 3 group was larger than $15^{\circ}$. The results were as follows : 1. As the preoperative occlusal plane angle was larger, the degree of mandibular prognathism was not severe. 2. On comparsion of preoperative and immediate postoperative cephalometric analysis, specific relationship of occlusal plane angle and set-back amount of mandible was not present. 3. As the preoperative occlusal plane angle was smaller, the alteration of postoperative occlusal plane angle was increased tendency. As the preoperative occlusal plane angle was larger, the alteration of postoperative occlusal plane angle was decreased tendency. 4. The relapsed degree of B point distance to Vertical plane was not relationship to the degree of preoperative occlusal plane angle.

공동주택 주차장의 축적먼지 중 미량원소성분 분석과 오염원 평가

배건호(Gun Ho Bae),정철수(Cheol Su Jung),박규태(Kyu Tae Park),이명숙(Myoung Sook Lee),신동찬(Dong Chan Shin),김용혜(Yong Hye Kim),윤민혜(Min Hye Yoon),한영진(Young Jin Han),최혁(Hyuek Choi),백성옥(Sung Ok Baek) 大韓環境工學會 2011 대한환경공학회지 Vol.33 No.10

공동주택 주차장의 먼지오염실태를 연구하기 위하여 2010년 3월말에서 6월초까지 대구지역 공동주택 36곳의 지상주차장(36지점)과 지하주차장(36지점)을 대상으로 채취한 총 72개의 시료를 100 μm 이하로 체거름하고 산추출한 후 ICP로 14개원소를 분석하였다. 농축계수를 이용한 미량원소성분의 발생원 평가결과는 지상주차장과 지하주차장 모두 Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, V의 성분은 자연적인 발생원에 의한 영향을 받고 있는 반면에 Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn의 성분은 인위적인 발생원에 의한 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 Ca은 지상주차장의 경우에는 자연적인 발생원의 영향을 받았고, 지하주차장의 경우에는 인위적인 발생원의 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 미량원소성분의 농도분석 결과는 자연적인 발생원과 관련된 성분이 인위적인 발생원과 관련된 성분보다 매우 높은 농도를 보였다. 인위적인 발생원성분의 기여도는 지하주차장이 지상주차장보다 높았으며, 미량원소성분의 평균농도 또한 지하주차장이 지상주차장보다 높았다. 오염지수를 이용한 중금속성분의 오염도를 평가한결과는 지하주차장이 지상주차장보다 5.5배정도 높게 오염된 것으로 나타났다. 미량원소성분간의 상관성 분석결과는 지상주차장이 지하주차장에 비해 유의한 상관성을 나타내는 항목이 많았으며, 특히 자연적 발생원 성분간 유의한 상관성이 더욱 크게 나타났다. 또한 유해 중금속성분과 지하주차장의 영향인자간의 상관성을 분석한 결과는 주차대수(공간)가 적은 지점이 큰 지점보다, 환기장치를 가동하지 않은 지점이 가동한 지점보다, 그리고 최근 도색년도와 청소일이 오래된 지점이 상대적으로 유해중금속을 많이 함유하고 있었다. In order to investigate the degree of apartment parking lot dust contamination, total 72 samples of parking lot dust (36 from ground parking lots and 36 from the underground parking lots) were collected in Daegu city from the end of March to the early June 2010. The dust samples were sieved below 100 μm, and analysed by ICP for 14 elements after an acid extraction. Results obtained from the source assessment of trace element using enrichment factor showed that Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and V were influenced by natural sources, while Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were influenced by anthropogenic sources in both the ground parking lot and the underground parking lot. And results showed that Ca were influenced by natural sources in the ground parking lot, but influenced by anthropogenic sources in the underground parking lot. The measured values were remarkably higher in components from natural sources than in components from anthropogenic sources. Underground parking lot dust was more affected by anthropogenic sources and contaminated compared with the ground parking lot dust. Pollution index of heavy metals revealed that underground parking lot dust was 5.5 times more contaminated with heavy metal components than the ground parking lot dust. The results of correlation analysis among trace elements indicated that components in the ground parking lot were more correlated than those in the underground parking lot, and especially more correlated with natural sources-natural sources. Analysis for correlations between components and influencing factors in the underground parking lot showed that concentrations of heavy metals were higher with smaller number of parking spaces and no ventilation system, and older apartments in last paint and cleaning had relatively higher contents of heavy metals than those of recently painted and cleaned.

한일 양국의 근대와 기독교: 최병헌, 나카무라 마사나오, 우치무라 간조를 중심으로

박규태 ( Kyu Tae Park ) 한국종교문화연구소 2006 종교문화비평 Vol.10 No.-

특집논문3 : 소노 시온 영화와 “응시”의 종교: 환상,욕망,사랑

박규태 ( Kyu Tae Park ) 한국종교문화연구소 2014 종교문화비평 Vol.25 No.25

우리에게는 아직 생소한 일본의 영화감독 소노 시온(園子溫, 1961~현재)은 <자살클럽>(2001)의 대성공 이래 그 속편인 <노리코의 식탁>(2005)을 비롯하여 <기묘한 서커스>(2005) 및 ‘증오 3부작’이라 칭해지는 <사랑의 노출>(2008), <차가운 열대어>(2010), <사랑의 죄>(2011) 등 시적이고 철학적인 메시지를 수반하는 충격적이고 자극적인 폭력과독창적이고 도전적인 터치의 섹슈얼리티 묘사를 거쳐, 3·11 동일본대진재 이후 내놓은<두더쥐>(2011)와 <희망의 나라>(2013)에서는 보다 직접적인 방식으로 현실참여적인 비전을 제시하고 있다. 본고의 목적은 응시와 대상a, 환상과 욕망, 상상계-상징계-실재계, 주이상스(jouissance) 등의 라캉(Jacques Lacan, 1901-1981)적 개념들을 도구 삼아 소노 시온의 영화 가운데 <사랑의 노출>(愛のむきだし)에 대한 정신분석학적 해석을 시도하는 데에 있다. 그 과정에서 특히 사랑 담론에 주목하는 한편, 라캉으로 영화 또는 종교를 말한다는 것이 종교연구자에게 어떤 새로운 전망을 제시해 줄 수 있는지를 모색하고자 한다. 이때 다음과 같은 라캉의 세 가지 문제의식 즉 (1)오인의 구조로부터 출발하자는 제안 (2)틈새(간극, 잉여, 구멍, 공백)와 부재(결여, 결핍) 또는 실패의 적극적인 의미를 수용하는 자세 (3)시각(eye, 주체가 대상을 보는 것)으로부터 응시(gaze, 대상이 주체를 보는 것)로 전환하자는 문제의식 등으로부터 적지 않은 시사를 받을 수 있으리라고 기대된다. A Japanese director Sion Sono(園子溫, born in 1961), who is not so familiar to us yet, has been depicting the world of violence and sexuality filled with poetic and philosophical messages through the shockingly impressive works such as Strange Circus(2005), Love Exposure(2008), Cold Fish(2010), Guilty of Romance(2011), and so forth after the great success of Suicide Circle(2001) and its second film Noriko’s Dinner Table(2005). In addition to these, he has also presented a kind of realistic visions in much more direct ways by Himizu(2011) or Land of Hope(2013) after 3·11 disaster. The purpose of this paper is to try a psychoanalytic interpretation of Sion Sono’s film, centering on his Guilty of Romance(愛のむきだし), in terms of the concepts of Jacques Lacan(1901-1981), for example, gaze, objet petit a, fantasy, desire, the imaginary-the symbolic-the real, jouissance, etc. In so doing, this paper will pay special attention to the discourse of love on one hand, exploring the way how to show any new perspective to the religious studies by reading film and religion in association with Lacan on the other hand.

염색가공 공장의 에너지 효율 향상을 위한 디지털트윈 구성 및 활용

박규태(Kyu Tae Park),임성주(Sung Ju Im),강용신(Yong-shin Kang),노상도(Sang Do Noh),양석곤(Suk Gon Yang),강용태(Yong Tae Kang),김동현(Dong Hyun Kim),최수영(Su Young Choi) (사)한국CDE학회 2018 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.4

In the textile industry, which has low energy efficiency, dyeing and finishing shop accounted for 42 percents of the total energy consumption. In addition, the dyeing and finishing shop has a low standardization level for process and setup, and is based on know-how of operator in the field according to incorrect instruction from the laboratory. To improve the energy efficiency of the dyeing and finishing shop, the process was standardized based on manufacturing data from the dyeing process. This study suggests a configuration and a utilization plan to operate digital twin to provide decision making supporting based on interoperability scenario with manufacturing data. The digital twin is a virtual factory model that reflects real-world components and interacts with the physical world and other applications. It also contains information and functional units, which are used to interact with big data from a dyeing and finishing shop with various algorithms. Thus, this study first defines the interoperability scenarios that should be used to provide a variety of decision making support information through the utilization of digital twin, and how they should be reflected the manufacturing elements and functional units of the physical world. This provides a fundamental knowledge of the process and systematical approach to improve energy efficiency.

Evaluation of Quick-Hardening for Wood Ash Through Hydration Heat Measurement

Park, Kyu Tae(박규태),Woo, Byeong Hun(우병훈),Ates Fatmanur(아테스 파트마눌),Kim, Hong Gi(김홍기),Ryou, Jae-Suk(류재석) 한국콘크리트학회 2022 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.34 No.1

요트 선수의 경쟁상태불안이 경기력에 미치는 영향

박규태(Kyu-Tae Park),강신범(Shin-Beum Kang),하해동(Hae-Dong Ha),이재형(Jae-Hyoung Lee),차화준(Hwa-Jun Cha) 한국항해항만학회 2007 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1 No.춘계

본 연구는 요트선수의 경쟁상태불안이 경기력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 제10회 해군참모총장배 전국요트대회에 참가한 중·고교, 대학, 실업 요트선수 선수 70명을 무작위로 선정하였다. 본 연구는 요트선수의 경기 전 경쟁상태불안을 측정하기 위하여 인지적 상태불안 측정 9개 문항, 신체적 상태불안 측정 9개 문항, 상태자신감 측정 9개 문항인 총 27개 문항으로 구성된 경쟁상태불안 검사지(CSAI-2)를 사용하였다. 본 연구는 요트선수의 종목과 기능수준에 따른 경쟁상태불안 및 경력과 소속에 차이를 알아보기 위해 실시하였으며 연구결과 요트선수의 경쟁상태불안이 소속, 경력, 기능수준 등에서 경기력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 연구결과를 바탕으로 요트선수의 경기력 향상에 도움이 될 수 있는 기초 자료로 활용하고자 한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sailors' competitive state anxiety on the performance. Sixty-nine high school, university and business-based team sailors who were registered to The 10th of the Chief of naval operations' Korean national championship were randomly recruited for this study. In order to check the sailors' anxiety form the competition, the CSAI-2 test was used. It was composed of 27 questions covering the cognitive and physical anxieties, and state-confidence respectively with 9 questions.

특집 : 스사노오 신화해석의 문제: 한반도와의 연관성을 중심으로

박규태 ( Kyu Tae Park ) 서울대학교 종교문제연구소 2010 종교와 문화 Vol.0 No.19

Japanese myth in the Kojiki(古事記) and Nihonshoki(日本書紀) can be said to be in essence a political myth systematically reorganized for the purpose of justifying the sovereignty of the Royal Family. According to the Kojiki and Nihonshoki mythology, Susano(須佐之男命) challenged his elder sister Amaterasu(天照大神), supreme deity as the sun goddess, and was finally banished from Heaven(高天原), descending to Earth in Izumo(出雲) near the headwaters of the Hi River. In result, the sovereignty of Amaterasu was confirmed and her descendant Jimmu(神武) became the first emperor, and with the establishment of the imperial line, the "Age of the Gods"(神代) came to an end. This paper investigates Susano myth in the Kojiki and Nihonshoki as well as Izumo-no-kuni-no-Fudoki(出雲國風土記) etc., with an outline of the numerous interpretations about Susano, especially focusing on the involvement in the Korean Peninsular. In terms of the close relationship between Susano myth and the Korean Peninsular, I will analyze various legends such as about Soshimori(曾尸茂利), Karasahi(韓서), Yamatano-orochi(八?大蛇), Dragon=Snake Deity(龍蛇神), Kumanari(熊成), Karakami(韓神), Sohori(添), Kunihiki(國引き), the Origin of Grains, and Susano as the shamanistic Iron Deity as well. In conclusion, I would like to suggest the reason why Shinto shrines(神社) are important in studying Japanese myth, in association not only with the issue of "myth and history" but also with the problem of "memory".

Internal Sort Algorithm에 관한 연구

박규태(Park Kyu Tae),조성공(Cho Sung Kong) 한국정보과학회 1977 정보과학회논문지 Vol.4 No.1

This paper deals with a new method concerning with sort programs. Studies are made on the internal sort and then tried to develop some new algorithms through a minute studying of predeveloped sorting algorithms. It also tested some programs using sample data derived from the generation of pseudo random numbers and thus analyzed each characteristics and reciprocal interactions between several algorithms. Here what counts most is that Algorithm No.Ⅰ suggested in this paper might well be proved to be most efficient when applied to small lists.