Xylazine-ketamine 병용마취가 토끼의 혈중 ACTH, corticosterone 및 glucose 농도에 미치는 영향

박권무,이용화,한성규,류판동,Park, Kwon-moo,Li, Long-hua,Han, Seong-kyu,Ryu, Pan-dong 대한수의학회 1999 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

Anesthetic agents are useful in inducing the anesthesia for surgical operations and various biological experiments, but they can disturb the body homeostasis and cause the stress in animals. Much efforts have been directed on reducing such side effects of anesthesia. In this work, we measured the serum ACTH, corticosterone and glucose concentration in rabbits to compare the degree of stress induced by two commonly-used anesthetics, ketamine, xylazine, and the combination of xylazine and ketamine. 1. The anesthesia was induced in about 10 min in the rabbits treated with xyalzine, ketamine and xylazine-ketamine. The duration of complete loss of righting reflex were 12, 13 and 115 min in the groups treated with xylazine, ketamine and xylazine-ketamine, respectively. 2. Serum ACTH concentrations in all treatment groups were higher than those in control group. At 30 min after the administration of the drugs, serum ACTH levels in ketamine-treated group were significantly higher than those in control, xylazine- and xylazine-ketamine-treated groups. However, at 1, 2, 5 and 9 hours after the drug administration, serum ACTH levels in xylazine-treated-group were higher than those in control. 3. Serum corticosterone levels in xylazine- and xylazine-ketamine-treated groups were lower than those in control or ketamine-treated groups at 0.5 and 1 hour after the administration. However, at 5 and 9 hours after the administration, serum corticosterone levels in xylazine- and xylazine-ketamine-treated groups were significantly higher than those in ketamine-treated group or control. 4. Serum glucose levels transiently increased to 3 times of the pre-injection levels at 0.5 and 1 hours after the administration in xylazine or xylazine-ketamine-treated groin, but were not changed in control and ketamine-treated group. These results indicate that xylazine-induced stress lasts longer than ketamine-induced, suggesting that the difference in stress-related hormone levels during anesthesia could be due to the differences in modes of actions of individual drugs used and the depth of anesthesia.

군용견(軍用犬) German shepherd의 hemoglobin 및 albumin형(型)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

박권무,강주원,한방근,Park, Kwon-mu,Kang, Ju-won,Han, Bang-keun 대한수의학회 1994 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.34 No.3

The study was conducted to investigate the phenotypes of blood proteins, hemoglobin and albumin, of 104 German shepherds in Dag-gu, Yae-chum Kim-hae and Kwang-ju area by the starch gel electrophoresis. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The hemoglobin phenotypes were observed three(HbBB, HbBb and Hbbb). Fast migrating bands were same and slow migrating bands were divided by heavy(HbBB), light(HbBb) and non-stained(Hbbb). The frequencies of appearance in HbBB, HbBb and Hbbb were 17.31%, 51.92% and 30.77%, respectively. 2. The hemoglobin phenotypes were controlled by two allelic genes, $Hb^b$ and $Hb^B$. The gene frequencies were calculated at 0.567 in $Hb^B$ and 0.433 in $Hb^A$. 3. The albumin phenotypes were observed three(AlbFF, AlbSS and and AlbFS), which were divided by fast migrating band(AlbFF), slow migrating band(AlbSS) and mixed migrating band(AlbFS). The frequencies of appearance in AlbFF, AlbFS and AlbSS were 5.77%, 28.85% and 65.38%, respectively. 4. The albumin phenotypes were controlled by two alleic genes, $Alb^F$ and $Alb^S$. The gene frequencies were calculated at 0.202 in $Alb^F$ and 0.798 in $Alb^S$.

Can tissue cilia lengths and urine cilia proteins be markers of kidney diseases?

박권무 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2018 전남의대학술지 Vol.54 No.2

The primary cilium is an organelle which consists of a microtubule in the core and a surrounding cilia membrane, and has long been recognized as a “vestigial organelle”. However, new evidence demonstrates that the primary cilium has a notable effect on signal transduction in the cell and is associated with some genetic and non-genetic diseases. In the kidney, the primary cilium protrudes into the Bowman’s space and the tubular lumen from the apical side of epithelial cells. The length of primary cilia is dynamically altered during the normal cell cycle, being shortened by retraction into the cell body at the entry of cell division and elongated at differentiation. Furthermore, the length of primary cilia is also dynamically changed in the cells, as a result and/or cause, during the progression of various kidney diseases including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Notably, recent data has demonstrated that the shortening of the primary cilium in the cell is associated with fragmentation, apart from retraction into the cell body, in the progression of diseases and that the fragmented primary cilia are released into the urine. This data reveals that the alteration of primary cilia length could be related to the progression of diseases. This review will consider if primary cilia length alteration is associated with the progression of kidney diseases and if the length of tissue primary cilia and the presence or increase of cilia proteins in the urine is indicative of kidney diseases

생쥐 콩팥동맥 직경 감소에 의한 콩팥 섬유화에 관한 연구

박권무 대한해부학회 2005 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.38 No.3

콩팥동맥 협착(renal artery stenosis)은 허혈성신증(ischemic nephropathy)을 일으켜 콩팥 기능부전을 야기한다. 하지만 아직까지 이의 병태생리학적 기전이 밝혀지지 않고 있는데, 이 원인 중의 하나는 아직까지 적당한 실험동물 모델이 확립되어져 있지 않기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 콩팥동맥 직경을 부분적으로 감소시킨 콩팥에서 섬유화가 야기되는가와 이것이 콩팥동맥 협착의 동물실험모델로 이용될 수 있을 것인가를 조사하였다. 본 실험에서는 생쥐의 콩팥동맥 직경을 31-gauge 주사 바늘의 바깥쪽 직경과 같은 크기로 줄여 콩팥혈류의 감소를 유도하였다. 수술 후 10일에 콩팥혈류가 정상 콩팥의 혈류의 약 20%까지 감소되는 것을 laser doppler를 이용하여 관찰하였다. 콩팥동맥 직경을 감소시킨 콩팥에서 허혈성신증 및 만성콩팥기능부전 콩팥의 특징인 콩팥 크기 및 실질 감소가 나타났다. 또한 심한 콩팥의 섬유화가 발생함을 trichrome 염색과 α-smooth muscle actin 발현의 조사에서 관찰하였다. 이처럼 콩팥동맥 직경 감소는 콩팥동맥 협착시 보이는 소견들을 야기하였다. 따라서 이 동물실험모델은 허혈성신증의 병태생리학적 연구에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다. 이와 더불어 콩팥의 섬유화를 동반하는 만성콩팥기능부전의 연구에도 이용될 수 있을 것이다 Kidney artery stenosis such as atherosclerosis induces ischemic nephropathy which is caused by the reduction of blood supply to the kidneys. Since useful experimental animal models for the kidney artery stenosis is very limited, the pathophysiology of the ischemic nephropathy induced by the renal artery stenosis remain to be defined. In the present studies, I developed the mouse experimental model of kidney artery stenosis by the reduction of renal artery diameter to the out side diameter of 31-guage needle. The reduction of renal artery diameter reduces kidney size and mass. There is the severe shrink of glomeruli, tubular atrophy and infiltration of leukocytes. In the kidney subjected to the experiment of the reduction of renal artery diameter. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin in the kidney partially tied the renal artery is much greater than that in the contralateral kidney. These results demonstrate that the reduction of renal artery diameter induced renal fibrosis, the reduction of renal blood flow and kidney size and that the experimental models may be useful to study the pathophysiology of ischemic nephropathy induced by renal artery stenosis as well as chronic renal failure which is involved in renal fibrotic responses.

초대배양한 토끼 신장 근위세뇨관세포에서 phosphate 운반과 세포손상에 대한 t - butylhydroperoxide의 효과

박권무,고선희,김용근 대한신장학회 1997 춘계학술대회 초록집 Vol.1997 No.-

신생리 : 허혈/재관류에 의한 급성신부전에 있어 isocitrate dehydrogenase의 역할

박권무 ( Kwon Moo Park ),김진우 ( Jin U Kim ),김기영 ( Ki Young Kim ) 대한신장학회 2008 춘계학술대회 초록집 Vol.28 No.1

신장 근위세뇨관세포에서 고포도당이 IGF-I 결합과 포도당운반계에 미치는 영향

한호재,박권무,손창호,윤용달,Han, Ho-jae,Park, Kwon-moo,Son, Chang-ho,Yoon, Yong-dal 대한수의학회 1997 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.37 No.2

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a wide range of pathophysiological in the kidney. This study was designed to examine the effects of high glucose concentration on IGF-I binding and glucose transporters in renal proximal tubule cells. The results were as follows : The binding of $^{125}I-IGF-I$ reached the peak at the 30 minutes and gradually decreased by the time dependent manner. The binding of $^{125}I-IGF-I$ was inhibited by the unlabelled IGF-I($10^{-14}{\sim}10^{-8}M$) in a concentration dependent manner. The relative affinity of IGF-I receptor for IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin exhibited typical type 1 binding(IGF-I > insulin > IGF-II). However IGF-II did not compete for the cultured cell membrane $^{125}I-IGF-I$ binding site at $10^{-14}{\sim}10^{-8}M$. Under optimal conditions, IGF-I binding to the membranes from 5mM and 20mM glucose treated cells was analyzed. It was found that 20mM glucose treated cells exhibited higher binding activity for IGF-I. In order to further substantiate this increase in IGF-I binding sites, we performed affinity-labelling studies. The cross-linked cell membrane subjected to SDS-PAGE; labelled material was detected by autoradiography. 20mM glucose treated cells exhibited higher levels. The initial rate of $methyl-{\alpha}-D-glucopyranoside({\alpha}-MG)$ uptake was significantly lower($74.41{\pm}6.71%$) in monolayers treated with 20mM glucose than those of 5mM glucose. However, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose(3-O-MG) uptake was not affected by glucose concentration in culture media. IGF-I significantly increased ${\alpha}-MG$ uptake in both 5mM and 20mM glucose treated cells. However, 3-O-MG uptake was not affected by IGF-I in both conditions. In conclusion, 20mM glucose increased binding sites of $^{125}I-IGF-I$, inhibited Na/glucose cotransporter activity. But 20mM glucose did not change facilitated glucose transporter.

초대배양된 토끼 신장 근위세뇨관세포의 성장과 기능분화에 대한 insulin과 IGF의 효과 - Na⁺ uptake에 대한 IGF-I의 효과 -

한호재,박권무,이장헌,양일석,Han, Ho-jae,Park, Kwon-moo,Lee, Jang-hern,Yang, IL-suk The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 1996 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

이온운반계는 생체의 각기 다른 세포의 성장을 조절하는 성장조절인자들의 효과를 매개하는데 깊은 관련이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 신장 근위세뇨관에서 솔변 연 $Na^+/H^+$ 상호운반계는 사구체에서 여과된 나트륨의 재흡수와 수소이온의 분비를 조절하는 중요한 기능을 수행한다. 이 연구는 초대배양된 신장 근위세뇨관세포의 나트륨 운반을 Insulin-like Growth Factor-I(IGF-I)이 어떤 경로를 통하여 조절하는지를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 초대배양된 신장 근위세뇨관세포에서 $Na^+$ uptake는 시간의존적으로 증가되었으며, 30분동안 $Na^+$ uptake를 실시한 결과 세포외 NaCl 농도의존적으로 $Na^+$ uptake를 유의성있게 감소시켰다(대조군; $40.11{\pm}1.76$, 140mM군; $17.82{\pm}0.94pmole\;Na^+/mg\;protein/min$). 2. $Na^+$ uptake는 iodoacetic acid(IAA, $1{\times}10^{-4}M$) 또는 valinomycin($5{\times}10^{-6}M$)처리시 대조군에 비해 각각 $50.51{\pm}4.4%$와 $57.65{\pm}2.27%$ 억제되었으며, ouabain($5{\times}10^{-5}M$)을 처리한 경우는 $140.23{\pm}3.37%$ 증가되었다. IGF-I($1{\times}10^{-5}M$)으로 배양한 세포를 actinomycin D($1{\times}10^{-7}M$)와 cycloheximide($4{\times}10^{-5}M$)로 처리시 $Na^+$ uptake는 대조군에 비해 각각 $90.21{\pm}2.39%$와 $89.64{\pm}3.69%$로 감소되었다. 3. IGF-I으로 배양한 세포에서 세포외 cAMP는 농도의존적($10^{-8}-10^{-4}M$)으로 $Na^+$ uptake를 유의성있게 감소시켰고, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine(IBMX, $5{\times}10^{-5}M$)도 억제시켰다. Pertussis toxin(PTX, 50pg/ml)이나 cholera toxin(CTX, $1{\mu}g/ml$)의 처리시에도 $Na^+$ uptake는 억제되었다. 세포외 phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate(PMA) 또한 농도의존적(1-100ng/ml)으로 $Na^+$ uptake를 감소시켰다. 그러나 staurosporine($1{\times}10^{-7}M$)은 $Na^+$ uptake에 영향을 미치지 않았으며 PMA와 stauiosporine을 동시에 처리했을 때도 $Na^+$ uptake는 억제되지 않았다. 결론적으로 초대배양된 토끼 신장 근위세뇨관세포에서 $Na^+$ uptake는 막전위와 세포내 에너지 의존적이며 IGF-I은 부분적으로 단백질 및 RNA 합성을 통해서 그리고 세포내 cAMP나 PKC 경로를 통해서 $Na^+$ uptake를 조절하는 것으로 생각된다. It has been suggested that ion transport systems are intimately involved in mediating the effects of growth regulatory factors on the growth of a number of different types of animal cells in vivo. The functional importance of the apical membrane $Na^+/H^+$ antiporter in the renal proximal tubule is evidenced by estimates that this transporter mediates the reabsorption of approximately one third of the filtered load of sodium and the bulk of the secretion of hydrogen ions. This study was designed to investigate the pathway utilized by IGF-I in regulating sodium transport in primary cultured renal proximal tubule cells. Results were as follows : 1. $Na^+$ was observed to accumulate in the primary cells as a function of time. Raising the concentration of extracellular NaCl induced an decrease in $Na^+$ uptake compared with control cells in a dose dependent manner. The rate of $Na^+$ uptake into the primary cells was about two times higher in the absence of NaCl($40.11{\pm}1.76pmole\;Na^+/mg\;protein/min$) than in the presence of 140mM NaCl($17.82{\pm}0.94pmole\;Na^+/mg\;protein/min$) at the 30 minute uptake. 2. $Na^+$ uptake was inhibited by IAA($1{\times}10^{-4}M$) or valinomycin($5{\times}10^{-6}M$) treatment($50.51{\pm}4.04$ and $57.65{\pm}2.27$ of that of control, respectively). $Na^+$ uptake by the primary proximal tubule cells was significantly increased by ouabain($5{\times}10^{-5}M$) treatment($140.23{\pm}3.37%$ of that of control). When actinomycin D($1{\times}10^{-7}M$) or cycloheximide($4{\times}10^{-5}M$) was applied, $Na^+$ uptake was decreased to $90.21{\pm}2.39%$ or $89.64{\pm}3.69%$ of control in IGF-I($1{\times}10^{-5}M$) treated cells, respectively. 3. Extracellular cAMP decreased $Na^+$ uptake in a dose-dependent manner($10^{-8}-10^{-4}M$). IBMX($5{\times}10^{-5}M$) also inhibited $Na^+$ uptake. Treatment of cells with pertussis toxin(50pg/ml) or cholera toxin($1{\mu}g/ml$) inhibited $Na^+$ uptake. Extracellular PMA decreased $Na^+$ uptake in a dose-dependent manner(1-100ng/ml). 100 ng/ml PMA concentration significantly inhibited $Na^+$ uptake in IGF-I treated cells. However, staurosporine($1{\times}10^{-7}M$) had no effect on $Na^+$ uptake. When PMA and staurosporine were added together, the inhibition of $Na^+$ uptake was not observed. In conclusion, sodium uptake in primary cultured rabbit renal proximal tubule cells was dependent on membrane potentials and intracellular energy levels. IGF-I stimulates sodium uptake through mechanisms that involve some degree of de novo protein and/or RNA synthesis, and cAMP and/or PKC pathway mediating the action mechanisms of IGF-I.

호르몬 한정배지를 이용한 세포 초대배양계의 확립

한호재,강주원,박권무,이장헌,양일석,Han, Ho-jae,Kang, Ju-won,Park, Kwon-moo,Lee, Jang-hern,Yang, Il-suk 대한수의학회 1996 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.36 No.3

This study investigated the properties of primary cultured proximal tubule cells in hormonally defined(insulin, transferrin, and hydrocortisone), serum-free medium or 10% serum-supplemented medium. The growth rate of the primary cultured proximal tubule cells was lower in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium than in the 10% serum- supplemented medium(p < 0.05), while the activities of brush border marker enzymes, alkaline phosphatase(AP), leucine aminopeptidase(LAP), and y-glutamyl transpeptidase(${\gamma}$-GTP) were increased(p < 0.05). The activities of these enzymes, however, decreased with the lapse of incubation time to 50-70% after 6 days culture compared to those of the freshly-prepared proximal tubules. The enzymatic activities of the primary cultured proximal tubul cells on 6, 9, 12, and 15 days of culture were significantly increased in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium compared to the 10% serum-supplemented medium(p < 0.05). The functional differentiation of the primary culture was examined by observing multicellular domes of the confluent monolayer, which is indicative of transepithelial solute transport. The dome formation by the proximal tubule cultures occurred at a higher frequency in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium than in the 10% serum-supplemented medium(p < 0.05). Upon electron microscopic examination, an increased density of the brush border was observed in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium compared to the cells grown in 10% serum-supplemented medium. The activities of $Na^+$glucose cotransporter($^{14}C$-a-MG uptake), $Na^+$phosphate cotransportere($^{32}P$ uptake) and $Na^+$ transporter($^{22}Na^+$ uptake) in the brush border membrane, and of $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase($^{86}Rb$ uptake) in the basolateral membrane were significantly stimulated in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium than in 10% serum-supplemented medium(p < 0.05). In conclusion, the primary cultured proximal tubule cells grown in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium demonstrated a slower growth rate, but the functions of cell were enhanced.

Renal Fibrosis : Inhibition of the Activity of Omi/HtrA2 Attenuates Renal Fibrosis Induced by Ureteral Obstruction in Mice

김진우,김기영,박권무,( Antonis S. Zervos ),( Joseph V. Bonventre ) 대한신장학회 2006 춘계학술대회 초록집 Vol.25 No.1