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Ni계 촉매상에서 가솔린의 자열 개질반응에 (Autothermal Reforming)에 의한 수소제조 및 응용
문동주,유계상,이병권,류종우 한국수소및신에너지학회 2004 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.15 No.4
This study focused on the development of high performance catalyst for autothermal reforming (ATR) of gasoline to produce hydrogen. The ATR was carried out over MgO/Al2O3 supported metal catalysts prepared under various experimental conditions. The catalysts before and after reaction were characterized by N2-physisorption, CO-chemisorption, SEM and XRD. The performance of supported multi-metal catalysts were better than that of supported mono-metal catalysts. Especially, it was observed that the conversion of iso-octane over prepared Ni/Fe/MgO/Al2O3 catalyst was 99.9 % comparable with commercial catalyst (ICI) and the selectivity of hydrogen over the prepared catalyst was 65% higher than ICI catalyst. Furthermore, it was identified that the sulfur tolerance of prepared catalyst was much better than ICI catalyst based on the ATR reaction of iso-octane containing sulfur of 100 ppm. Therefore, Ni/Fe/MgO/Al2O3 catalyst can be applied for a fuel reformer, hydrogen station and on-board reformer in furl cell powered vehicles.
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문동주,이성일,이종선,김경철,강희정,양용주,Moon, Dong-Ju,Lee, Sung-Il,Lee, Chong-Sun,Kim, Gyeong-Cheol,Kang, Hee-Jung,Yang, Yong-Ju 대한의용생체공학회 2008 의공학회지 Vol.29 No.5
A health index was proposed that evaluates personal health state from both measured physiological variables and survey questions. Four health indices were defined such as cardiovascular index, stress index, obesity index, and management index. The total health index was calculated by summing these four health indices. Physiological variables such as blood pressure, heart rate variability(HRV), accelerated photoplethysmograph(APG), and body fat percentage were non-invasively measured and a survey questionnaire that asks personal health state, exercise intensity, and food preference was developed. The suggested health index was applied to thirty eight persons including 30 patients and 8 normal persons with an average age of 51.8. The average health index was estimated to be 75.1 out of 100 points. Young age group(below 50) and men group showed higher health indices than the aged(over 50) and women groups. The correlation coefficient between the cardiovascular index and stress index was found to be 0.513, which means stress is related to cardiovascular health state. The correlation coefficient between the measurements and survey questions was 0.385 for the cardiovascular index. It was as low as 0.182 for the stress index. More case studies may improve correlations between measurements and survey questions, and then, the current health index system may develop as an effective tool to evaluate personal health state.
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문동주 은행법학회 2017 은행법연구 Vol.10 No.1
In a case where a customer intends to enter into new financial transactions with a bank such as opening deposit accounts or installment savings account and subscribing to investment products like a mutual fund, traditionally the customer would visit the bank’s branch and go through the face-to-face counseling process with a bank staff. Nowadays, however, the bank’s business activities outside its premises have been constantly being vitalized as a result of the innovation of IT development, gradual decrease of the number of customers visiting branches in person, increasing needs of customers for the bank’s proactive service by way of visiting the customers and the requirement for the bank to secure a new sales channel. Nevertheless, according to the current Door-to-Door Sales Act(“DDSA”) and the relevant authoritative ruling of the Fair Trade Commission in charge the DDSA, it is highly unlikely not to apply the DDSA to the bank’s business activities outside its premises (e.g. soliciting financial products or initiating financial transactions with customers and the like). As a consequence, the banks are forced to cut down on their business activities outside the premises, and it is practically impossible to solicit financial investment products due to the concern arising from the right to withdraw. As such, the DDSA which originally meant to secure customers’ rights and interests, has resulted in not only unreasonably restricting the bank’s normal business activities but also hindering the benefits and needs of the customers who are willing to initiate financial transactions with a bank without paying a visit to the branch in person. Even from a standpoint of comparative laws, not a few jurisdictions like the EU, Germany, Japan, etc. have given special treatment to financial services specifically carving financial services out of the purview of the door-to-door sales legislation or restricting a customer from exercising the right to withdraw relating to financial products in the nature of investment securities. Besides, other laws for consumer protection such as the Installment Transactions Act, the Act on the Consumer Protection in the E-Commerce other than the DDSA in our jurisdiction, have explicitly codified an exception that financial investment products are not subject to those acts. On top of this, the relevant laws (e.g. the Banking Act or the Capital Market and Financial Investment Services Act, etc.) have multi-layered measures for protecting financial customers transacting with a bank so that there would be no legislative loopholes as to customers’ rights and interests even without applying the DDSA. I have an opinion that it is required to address the above-mentioned legal concerns by way of clearly excluding all kinds of financial products being offered by banks out of the purview of the DDSA. This article aims to review relevant issues caused by applying the DDSA to bank’s business activities outside its business premises and present legal alternatives to solve the issues. 고객이 예·적금통장을 개설하거나 펀드 등의 금융투자상품에 가입하는 등 은행과 새로운 금융거래를 설정하고자 하는 경우에는 스스로 영업점을 방문한 후, 담당직원과 대면하여 상담 절차를 거치는 것이 전통적이고 일반적인 모습이었다. 그러나 최근 IT기술의 혁신적인 발전, 지점 내방고객의 지속적 감소, 찾아가는 은행 서비스에 대한 고객의 니즈증대와 새로운 판매채널을 확보하고자 하는 은행의 이해관계 등이 맞물려 은행의 대외영업활동은 지속적으로 활성화되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 현행 방문판매 등에 관한 법률 및 동법의 소관부서인 공정거래위원회의 유권해석에 따르면, 영업점 밖에서 이루어지는 금융상품 가입권유 내지 거래의 개설 등의 은행의 영업활동에 대한 방문판매법의 적용을 피하기는 어렵다. 이로 인해 은행의 대외영업활동의 위축은 불가피하게 되었고, 특히 청약철회권 문제로 인해 금융투자상품에 대한 권유는 사실상 불가능한 상황에 처하게 되었다. 이렇듯 소비자의 권익을 보호하기 위해 제정된 방문판매법은 오히려 은행의 정상적인 영업활동을 불합리하게 제한하고 있을 뿐 아니라, 영업점 방문 없이 간편하게 은행과 금융거래를 개설하고자 하는 금융소비자들의 수요를 충족시키지 못하고, 그로 인해 얻을 수 있는 편익마저 침해하고 있다. 비교법적으로 보더라도, 유럽연합, 독일, 일본 등은 금융서비스를 방문판매 관련 법제의 적용대상에서 제외하거나 투자성을 가진 금융상품에 대해서 청약철회권을 제한하는 등 방문판매에 있어 금융서비스의 특수성을 충분히 고려하고 있으며, 우리나라의 전자상거래 등에서의 소비자보호에 관한 법률, 할부거래에 관한 법률 등 다른 소비자보호법제 역시 명시적으로 금융투자상품에 대한 거래를 법적용 대상에서 제외하고 있다. 나아가 은행법이나 자본시장과 금융투자업에 관한 법률은 은행과의 거래로부터 고객을 보호하기 위하여 여러 다층적인 장치들을 마련하고 있어서, 방문판매법을 적용하지 않는다고 해서 금융소비자 보호에 어떠한 법적 공백이 생긴다고 보기도 어렵다. 따라서 은행의 대외영업활동에 방문판매법을 적용함으로 인해서 야기되는 여러 법률적인 문제점들은, 은행이 취급하는 제반 금융상품을 동법의 적용대상에서 제외하는 법 개정을 통해서 명료하게 해결하여야 한다. 본고는 은행의 대외영업에 방문판매법을 적용함으로써 야기되는 여러 법률 쟁점들을 살펴보고, 그에 대한 입법론적 대안을 제시하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다.
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문동주 淑明女子大學校 1989 숙명 - 淑明女子大學校 Vol.27 No.-
변혁의 물결이 출렁이고 있다. 한때 지배세력에 의해 매도되어 온 일부 극소수의 목소리는 수백만 대중의 함성으로 등장하였고 기존지배질서에 저항하며 분출되는 각계각층의 열기는 전국으로 번지고 있다.
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문동주 대한교통학회 2007 대한교통학회지 Vol.25 No.5
이 논문은 통행선택행위를 간접효용함수 대신 체감비용을 비교하는 평가방법을 제시하였다. 체감비용 비교방법은 가계생산이론을 통행자가 통행비용과 시간 등 정량적 요소와 함께 안락성과 안전성 등 정량적 요소를 동시에 고려하는 경우에 적용하여 도출되었다. 이 분석에서는 통행행위가 통행목적 달성과 함께 여러 정성적 요소를 동시에 산출하는 과정을 기술하는 특수한 형태의 동차 공동생산함수를 고안하여 이용하였다. 통행대안별 체감비용은 금전적인 통행비용에 시간가치 중에서 정량적 요소에 대해 통행자가 느끼는 기회비용을 제한 값을 합하여 산출하였다. 이러한 체감비용은 통계적 측정가능조건을 충족시킬뿐더러 통행선택행위를 보다 합리적으로 설명할 수 있어, 통행선택에 대한 통계분석에서 간접효용함수에 비해 통계측정 대상으로서 보다 우수하다. This paper suggested an approach to characterize travel choice behaviors using the implicit price instead of the indirect utility. The choice criterion to compare the implicit prices of available trip options was developed from the utility maximization problem of a trip maker which is supposed to choose the best option from the available ones differentiated by only by the quantitative attributes such as travel cost and time but also by qualitative attributes such as comfort and safety. The utility maximization problem is constructed under household production theory, and is incorporated with a special kind of joint homogeneous production functions. The implicit price of a certain trip option is the sum of the monetary price and the multiple of travel time and the value-of-travel-time, and the value-of-travel-time refers to the portion of wage, which can be assignable to the trip-making activity. This choice criterion is statistically identifiable, and behaviorally plausible. Moreover, this criterion has the expression simpler than the indirect utility, and therefore could be an effective target of the statistical estimation for travel choice behaviors.
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