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석분토를 이용한 터널 공동 뒤채움용 경량기포 콘크리트의 개발
마상준(Ma Sang-Joon),김동민(Kim Dong-Min),안상철(Ahn Sang-Cheol),김성원(Kim Sung-Won),박시현(Park Si-Hyun) 한국구조물진단유지관리학회 2003 한국구조물진단학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.- No.-
The stone-dusts are inevitable by-products of almost rocky mountains which produce artificial sands in korea. The annual amounts of stone-dust is approximately over 800,000m3. Because almost pre-existing stone-dust is piled up out in the open space or disposed of industrial wastes, it can result in critical environmental problems. The aim of this paper is to develope the lightweight foam concrete for tunnel backfilling material in cavities where exist behind the tunnel liner using stone-dusts. In this paper, the authors attempt to scrutinize the basic properties of lightweight foam concrete mixed with stone-dust including flow rate, unit volume weight, absorption rate and compressional strength. Moreover, it can be revealed that 'useless' stone-dust as an alternative blending material can be substituted for a fly ash by laboratory test.
터널 정보관리 시스템과 터널 붕락 예측 시스템 적용성 연구
마상준(Sang-Joon Ma),서경원(Kyong-Won Seo) 한국철도학회 2002 철도저널 Vol.5 No.2
For an efficient management and analysis of geological/geotechnical data obtained during site investigations or tunnel construction, Tunnel Information System(TIS) was developed in this study. TIS is running in GIS(Geographical Information System) which has a spatial data. TIS consists of two parts, the Tunnel Face Mapping System(FaceMap), to record a geological features by observations and measurements at the surface of the excavation, the Borehole Data Management System(BDMS), to store the different types of rock data related to boreholes. Using the database of collapsed tunnels, 20 in Korea and 84 in Europe and with an artificial neural network, an expert system was developed for inferring the tunnel collapse pattern and its volume. And by applying Geo-predict, the system developed, in tunnels under construction, observed data from the ○○tunnl site was compared and analyzed.
복합열화시험을 통한 실리카 흄 혼합 숏크리트의 장기내구특성 평가
마상준(Ma Sang-Joon),김동민(Kim Dong-Min),최재석(Choi Jae-Seok),김재신(Kim Jae-Shin) 대한토목학회 2007 대한토목학회논문집 C Vol.27 No.1
터널 내 숏크리트는 지하수에 의한 건습반복, 겨울철 일교차에 의한 동결융해, 대기환경에 의한 탄산화작용 등과 같은 다양한 열화인자에 의해 장기내구성에 영향을 받게 된다. 따라서 숏크리트의 장기적인 안정성 확보를 위해서는 복합적인 환경 조건을 고려한 열화특성을 파악할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 건습반복, 동결융해 및 탄산화 등의 열화인지를 복합적으로 적용한 열화시험을 수행하였는데, 우수한 강도증진 효과로 국외에서 많이 사용되고 있는 실리카 흄과 부산물로 발생되는 플라이 애쉬를 혼화재로 적용하였다. 복합열화시험 결과 실리키 흄을 혼입한 숏크리트는 다른 배합에 비해 가장 양호한 결과를 나타냈고, 실리키 흄은 강도증진 효과와 함께 강섬유 혼입에 의한 열화현상을 최소한으로 감소시켜 숏크리트의 장기내구성을 확보하는데 효과가 있었다. A long-term durability of shotcrete in tunnel is affected by a variety of deterioration factors such as dry-wet repetition by underground water, freezing-thawing by diurnal range, carbonation by atmospheric environment. etc. Therefore it is necessary to investigate deterioration characteristics considering combined environmental conditions in order to secure a long-term safety of shotcrete. In this study, a combined deterioration test was carried out, including deterioration factors such as dry-wet repetition, freezing-thawing and carbonation. Fly ash produced as by-product and micro-silica fume used to improve strength and durability in overseas were applied to combined deterioration test as additions. As a result of test, shotcrete mixed micro-silica fume showed a good resistance to deterioration in comparison with the others, and it was effective to improve a long-term durability of shotcrete by means of decreasing a deterioration process caused by steel fiber.
고품질 혼화재와 급결제를 적용한 고강도 숏크리트의 현장실험 연구
마상준(Ma Sang-Joon),김동민(Kim Dong-Min) 대한토목학회 2006 대한토목학회논문집 C Vol.26 No.2
국내 숏크리트 강도기준은 고강도 숏크리트의 개발과 적용이 활발한 유럽과 비교해 볼 때 상대적으로 낮게 설정되어 있어서 고강도 숏크리트의 품질을 평가하기에는 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 숏크리트의 강도증진과 장기 내구성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 모색하기 위해 현장실험을 실시하였다. 현장실험은 고품질 혼화재와 고성능 급결제를 적용한 고강도 숏크리트를 지향하였고, 숏크리트의 강도증진에 미치는 혼화재와 급결제의 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 그리고 유럽통합규격(EFNARC)에 의거하여 품질평가를 수행하였는데, 실험결과 알칼리프리계 급결제를 사용한 경우의 초기강도 증진율이 90~97%로 가장 높게 나타나 초기강도 증진효과에 알칼리프리계 급결제가 효과적이었다. 또한, 실리카 흄을 혼입한 숏크리트는 압축강도가 45.2~55.8㎫, 휨강도가 5.01~6.66㎫로 혼입하지 않은 경우에 비해 각각 37~79%, 17~61% 강도증진 효과가 나타났고, 실리카 흄 치환율은 7.5~10%일 때 강도증진 효과가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 현장실험 결과 국내 숏크리트의 고강도화를 위해서는 알카리프리계 급결제와 실리카 흄과 같은 고품질 혼화재의 사용이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. The strength standard of shotcrete in Korea is relatively lower than that in Europe where high-strength shotcrete has been developed and actively applied to the common practice, so it is hard to test a quality of high-strength shotcrete. In this study, field test was performed to find a solution improving the strength and a long-term durability on domestic shotcrete. In field test, a high-strength shotcrete was produced using high-quality additions and accelerators, and an effect of additions and accelerators was observed. In addition, quality test based on EFNARC was also performed. As a result of field test, a promotion ratio of early strength is 90~97% in case of using alkali-free accelerators, therefore, alkali-free accelerators had an effect on an increase of early strength on shotcrete. A compressive strength of shotcrete using Micro-silica fume was 45.2~55.8㎫ and flexible strength was 5.01~6.66㎫, so a promotion ratio of strength was 37~79%, 17~61% respectively. It was showed that increment effect of strength by the silica fume replacement of 7.5~10% for cement mass was remarkable. As a result of test, it was possible to apply high-strength shotcrete to the domestic practice using high-quality additions such as Micro-silica fume and accelerators such as alkali-free.