“떠날 것인가, 남을 것인가?” : 닫힌 세계 속 부유(浮遊)하는 북한 공장노동자들의 목소리

김화순(Kim, Wha Soon) 북한대학원대학교 2024 현대북한연구 Vol.27 No.1

이 연구는 2010년 이후 공장을 떠나는 노동자 자신의 선택과 역경의 행로 그 과정에서 그들이 체험하는 고민과 갈등, 정동을 보여주는 것을 목적으로 한다. 공장노동자 18명을 대상으로 1, 2차 심층 면접을 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 지방산업공장의 노동자들이 생애과정에서 8.3노동자제도를 매개로 노동시장 노동자로 전환하는 과정을 확인할 수 있었다. 이들은 자신이 속한 공장의 간부에게 상납금을 내고 다른 공장들을 다니거나, 공장에서 노동시장으로 나가거나, 다시 공장으로 돌아오는 등의 다양한 이동행태를 보였다. 이는 국가의 노동이동 억압정책, 공식/비공식 부문 간의 상호의존성, ‘공식 → 83 → 비공식’으로 밀려 나는 생계방식의 단계적 추락 과정을 보여준다. 결론적으로, 이 연구는 생존을 위해 공식/비공식 부문 간 경계를 넘어 유동(mobility)하는 노동자들을 가리켜 “생존노동자(Survival Job Worker)”라고 부를 것을 제안한다. 이 연구의 의의는 정치권력에 의해 만들어진 신가산제(Neopatrimonialism) 노동세계 안에 갇힌 채 마치 어항 속 물고기처럼 유영하는 노동자들의 노동생애와 내면세계를 실제 사례를 통해 드러냈다는 점에 있다. This study aims to reveal the choices and adversities faced by North Korean workers who left their factories after 2010, as well as the dilemmas, conflicts, and affection they experience during this process. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 factory workers in two stages. The results showed that workers in regional industrial factories transitioned into the labor market workforce through the mediation of the 8.3 Worker System during their careers. These workers bribed officials of their own factory and exhibited various movement patterns, such as moving between factories, entering the labor market, and returning to their original factory. This highlights the national policies of labor mobility repression, the interdependence between formal and informal sectors, and the downward spiral of livelihoods from ‘formal → 8.3 → informal.’ Consequently, this research proposes calling these workers, who exist simultaneously or fluidly on both sides of the formal and informal sectors, ‘survival job workers’. Through the study of real-life cases, the significance of this study lies in exposing the work lives and inner worlds of workers who, trapped within a neopatrimonial labor world created by political power, swim like fish in an aquarium.

폐흡인군과 비폐흡인군의 측정 시간대 별 기관분비액 당농도와 경장영양액 제공 방법 비교

김화순(Kim Hwa Soon),윤미자(Yoon Mi Ja) 한국성인간호학회 2006 성인간호학회지 Vol.18 No.5

취약계층 고용서비스 전달체계의 새로운 방향

김화순(Wha Soon Kim) 한국사회정책학회 2006 한국사회정책 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 취약계층 친화적 고용서비스정책의 새로운 방향을 제시하는 데에 있다. 연구자는 수급자집단, 차상위계층, 비빈곤 취업취약계층이라는 세 집단에 속한 10명의 연구참가자를 선택적으로 표집한 후, 면접법을 통해 외환위기 이후의 직업생애, 구직활동 양상, 고용서비스 이용실태에 관한 정보를 수집하였다. 질적분석을 행한 결과, 연구참가자들이 외환위기이후에도 지속적으로 강제적인 직업전환을 경험하고 있다는 점, 한 개인이 다중의 취약요인을 보유한다는 점, 빈곤가구와 취업취약요인이 서로 강화하고 있다는 점을 비롯하여, 비공식노동시장내에 위치한다는 점 및 그들의 구직활동양상과 공공고용서비스이용실태 등을 밝혀냈다. 또한 공공고용안전망이 이 세 집단의 연구참가자들 모두에게 효과적으로 작동되지 못하고 있으며, 그 결과 연구참가자들은 신뢰할 수 없는 지역정보지에 주로 의존하여 구직활동을 벌이고 있다는 점이 드러났다. 이는 공식노동시장중심의 공공고용안전망이 비공식노동시장에 위치한 이들에게 적합한 고용서비스를 전달하지 못하고 있음을 의미한다. 결론으로 이들 각각의 집단을 겨냥한 민·관·지자체합동의 새로운 고용서비스 전달체계 거버넌스를 제안하였다. This study`s objective is to present a new direction of the employment service policy that is friendly towards the disadvantaged class. The researcher selectively sampled 10 participants from the three groups classified based on the poverty line: NBLSS (National Basic Livelihood Security System) recipient poor group, near poor group, and non-poor but disadvantaged in employment group. Through interview method, information on career, job search activities, and employment service utilization condition after the foreign exchange crisis was collected. As a result, the following were recognized: participants continuously experienced compulsory change of jobs even after the foreign exchange crisis, an individual possesses multiple disadvantages, poor household and employment disadvantages are mutually reinforcing, and the disadvantaged class is situated within unofficial labor market. Job search activity patterns and public employment service utilization condition of the disadvantaged class were also identified. In addition, the study discovered that the public employment safety net had not functioned effectively for any of the three groups, and that the job search activities of the disadvantaged class were largely dependent on unreliable local newsletters. This means that the official labor market focused public employment safety net is not able deliver adequate employment service those situated within unofficial labor market. In conclusion, new employment service delivery system governance run by the association of people, government and local authorities was proposed for each of the groups.

첫 직장과 결혼 : 북한 여성의 직장진출과 진로분화

김화순(Kim, Wha Soon),안지영(Ahn, Ji young),함연희(Ham, Yeon hee) 건국대학교 인문학연구원 2020 통일인문학 Vol.84 No.-

본 연구는 첫 직장 진출 시기를 중심으로 고난의 행군기 전후부터 김정은 정권의 등장 전까지 북한여성의 직업생활을 분석하였다. 연구방법으로는 국내 북한이탈주민 중 북한을 떠난 열일곱 사례 면접과 관련 내용을 다룬 북한영화 분석을 병행하여 북한여성들의 진로분화를 규명하였다. 본 연구를 통해 발견한 사실은 세 가지이다. 첫째, 북한여성들은 고등학교 졸업 직후 대학, 직장진출, 군대라는 세 가지 경로로 분화된다. 둘째, 결혼 이후 여성들의 진로는 재분화된다. 셋째, 면접사례의 직업경로를 유형화한 결과 세 가지 진로유형이 추출되었다. 가장 다수를 점하는 유형은 <시장진출형>이며, 입당/대졸 등 일정한 자격을 갖추어 발전을 도모하는 <여성간부 발전유형>, 대학을 나와 직장에 들어갔다가 결혼 이후 다시 직장으로 복귀하는 <결혼이후 직장지속형>이다.이 연구의 학술적 의의는 고난의 행군전후 북한여성의 직업생활에 주목하여 여성은 결혼을 기점으로 진로가 재분화된다는 사실을 밝혔다는 점이다. 향후 여성 세대주와 북한여성 진로유형에 대한 후속연구가 필요하다. This study analyzed the professional lives of North Korean women before and after their first job placement and marriage between the years of struggle and 2019. The research method identified the differentiation of North Korean women"s careers by analyzing 17 cases of interviews and related contents of North Korean films among defectors in South Korea from 2010 to 2019. This study obtained the following three findings. First, North Korean women are divided into three channels: college, work, and military rights after high school. Second, after marriage, women"s careers are divided again. Third, three career types were extracted as a result of the interviews. The most common types are "market-type" and "women"s executives" type of hope" and "high-educated workplace type" that leave college and goes back to work after marriage. The academic significance of this research is that it revealed that women"s careers will be re-differentiated from marriage, paying attention to North Korean women"s professional life until recently after the march of hardship. A follow-up study on future female generation owners and North Korean female career types is needed.

Fiction and Playing in The Invention of Love

Kim, Hwa Soon(김화순) 한국현대영미드라마학회 2003 현대영미드라마 Vol.16 No.1

치매노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인

김화순(Kim, Hwasoon),이영휘(Lee, Young Whee),최성희(Choi, Sung Hee),함연숙(Ham, Youn Suk) 기본간호학회 2018 기본간호학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect quality of life in elderly people with dementia. Methods: The participants for this descriptive correlational study were 97 elderly patients with dementia who were attending a daycare center or were being cared for at home. Data were collected from the participants using the Mini-Mental Status Examination-Dementia Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale (Short Form), Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale. Results: There were statistically significant differences in quality of life of elders with dementia according to mobility, using dementia day-care center, and cohabitation. In multiple regression analysis, depression, activity of daily of living, using dementia day-care centers and cohabitation were significant predictors of quality of life and the four variables explained 60% of the variance in quality of life. Conclusion: Findings indicate that to enhance the quality of life for elders with dementia, depression needs to be decreased and regular use of daycare service recommended. Further, various programs enhancing physical ability need to be developed and used with these elders.

분단의 경계를 넘는 초국적 송금네트워크의 형성

김화순 ( Wha-soon Kim ) 아시아문화학술원 2017 인문사회 21 Vol.8 No.5

본 연구는 분단의 경계를 넘어 남한-중국-북한의 공간을 잇고 있는 초국적 송금네트워크와 송금행위자들의 삶에 관한 연구이다. 연구자는 송금중개인 여섯 명을 포함한 총 열 여섯 명의 연구참가자들을 인터뷰하여 전체적인 송금과정과 동기, 송금유형, 송금의 사회적 경제적 효과에 대해 자료를 수집한 결과, 초국적 송금행위자들의 삶과 송금 절차, 송금네트워크 유형 등에 대해 밝혀냈다. 현재 초국적 송금네트워크는 위험성에도 불구하고 국경을 넘어 탈북자 가족 간의 연대를 잇는 중간 매개체로 강력하게 작동되고 있어, 송금이 지속된다면 북한사회와 주민의 의식을 변화시키는 중요한 동인의 하나가 될 것으로 전망된다. This is a study on the transnational remittance networks and life of remittancers connecting South Korea, China and North Korea beyond the borders of division. The researcher interviewed a total of 16 research participants, including six remittance agents, to collect data on the overall remittance process, motivation, type of remittance, and the social and economic impact of the remittance, and as a result, the transnational remittancers life and remittance procedures, and types of remittance networks were identified. At the present time, despite the risks, transnational remittance networks are actively working as an intermediary between North Korean defectors and their families across borders, and if the remittance continues, it is expected to be one of the most important drivers of change in North Korean society and people's consciousness.

혈액투석 중 저강도운동이 환자의 피로, 일상생활활동수행, 긍정심리자본 및 혈압에 미치는 효과

김의정(Kim, Eui Jeung),이현숙(Lee, Hyun Suk),신희정(Shin, Hee Jeo),홍미정(Hong, Mi Jeong),김소영(Kim, So Young),김선애(Kim, Seon Ae),김화순(Kim, Hwasoon) 기본간호학회 2019 기본간호학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of a video low intensity exercise program provided during hemodialysis on fatigue, activity of daily living, positive psychological capital and blood pressure of patients being treated. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pre-post test design was used. Participants were 85 hemodialysis patients assigned to either the experimental group (n=41) or the control group (n=44). The experimental group exercised for about 25 minutes 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Data analyses involved descriptive statistics, x² test, t-test, multiple regression and repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: The exercise intervention significantly reduced post hemodialysis fatigue and significantly increased positive psychological capital. There was a significant interaction effect on time by group in blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure changes in the experimental group were stable but, changes in the control group tended to increase gradually. Conclusion: To reduce fatigue and increase positive psychological capital for hemodialysis patients, providing exercise during hemodialysis is recommended. Furthermore individualized exercise in terms of intensity, time, duration, etc should be developed and tested. Also, to reduce drastic blood pressure changes during hemodialysis, exercise should be provided.

기계환기기 치료 환자들의 진정상태유지를 위한 투약양상 및 사정내용에 대한 일 조사연구

김화순(Kim Hwa-Soon) 기본간호학회 2002 기본간호학회지 Vol.9 No.3

치매 노인 주부양자의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인

김화순(Kim, Hwasoon) 기본간호학회 2021 기본간호학회지 Vol.28 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify quality of life of family caregivers and to investigate factors positively and negatively affecting family caregivers’ quality of life. Methods: Participants were 153 family caregivers taking care of dementia elderly. Collected data were general characteristics, quality of life, care burden, depression, social support, family relationship, and problematic behaviors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: Mean age of participants was 58.70±13.88. The average scores of main variables for family relationship, social support, quality of life, care burden, problematic behaviors and depression were 3.99±1.08, 3.34±0.84, 3.00±0.63, 1.96±0.51, 1.48±1.06, 1.17±0.71 and 1.13±0.61, respectively. In regression analysis, depression (β=-.20), subjective health (β=.26), social support (β=.23), education level (β=-.20), and care burden (β=-.22) accounted for 59.1% of the variance in quality of life. Conclusion: To increase quality of life for family caregivers, interventions should be focused on reducing depression and care burden, enhancing caregiver’s health and social support. especially for family caregivers who received lower education.