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김승환,김성민,오정탁,한석주,최승훈,Kim, Seung-Hwan,Kim, Seong-Min,Oh, Jung-Tak,Han, Seok-Joo,Choi, Seung-Hoon 대한소아외과학회 2006 소아외과 Vol.12 No.2
Central venous catheter (CVC) for long-term venous access is indispensable for various reasons including hyperalimentation, frequent blood sampling, frequent IV drug use in pediatric patients. We report clinical experience of surgical neonates in whom CVC was inserted primarily via great saphenous vein into suprarenal inferior vena cava. From March 2004 to March 2006, we performed CVC insertion via saphenous vein - contralateral side to main wound - into suprarenal inferior vena cava in surgeries of neonates. 2.7Fr or 4.2Fr, single lumen, tunneled Broviac catheters (Bard Access system, Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah) were used. Skin exit site of tunneled catheter was located in ipsilateral flank area just below edge lower rib. At the end of the procedure, location of the catheter tip was confirmed by plain radiography of abdomen. We retrospectively reviewed the admission records of the patients including nursing staff charts. Nine (50.0 %) patients were male and nine (50.0%) were female. Median gestational age was 38 weeks (range, 29-42 weeks) and median birth weight was 3,105 gm (range, 1,040-3,720 gm). Median age at catheter insertion was 38.5 days (range, 1-236 days). The purpose of CVC insertion was short-and long-term hyperalimentation in nine (50.0 %) patients. CVC insertion was performed in operation room under general anesthesia in sixteen (88.9 %) patients (in these cases, CVC insertion was performed just prior to concurrent operation) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) under local anesthesia with adequate sedation in two (11.2%). During the admission period (total catheter-indwelling time: 553 days), CVC functioned well without any significant side effects. Transient swelling of the ipsilateral leg (n=1, 5.6 %) and transient migration of catheter tip (n=1, 5.6 %) were noted, which did not affect function of the indwelled CVC. Mean catheter-indwelling time was 30.7days (range, 3-72 days). All catheters were removed electively except two mortality case. Complications, such as thrombosis, infection, kinking or extravasation of drugs, were not observed in our study period. Tunneled trans-great saphenous vein inferior vena cava catheters are not only comparable to cervical CVCs in terms of function and complication rates, but also very beneficial in selected patients, especially those in whom cervical approach is technically impossible or contraindicated.
양돈분뇨의 열전처리에서 기질과 접종액의 비율이 메탄생산 퍼텐셜에 미치는 영향
김승환(Seung-Hwan Kim),김호(Ho Kim),오승용(Seong-Yong Oh),김창현(Chang-Hyun Kim),윤영만(Young-Man Yoon) 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.4
BMP 시험을 통한 최종메탄생산퍼텐셜 (Bu)의 측정은 바이오매스로부터 전환할 수 있는 바이오에너지 양을 추산하고 혐기소화조를 설계하는데 중요한 인자이다. 본 연구에서는 Bu의 측정에 있어 기질과 접종액의 비율 (S/I ratio)이 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 기질의 유기물 특성이 다른 양돈 슬러리의 탈수여액 (LF), 양돈슬러지 탈수케이크의 열가수분해액 (TH), 탈수여액과 열가수분해액의 혼합액 (Mix)을 이용하여 BMP 시험을 실시하였으며, 각각의 시료의 이론적 메탄생산퍼텐셜 (Bth)과 혐기적 유기물 분해율을 구하여 비교하였다. TH 시료의 Bu는 S/I 비율 0.1, 0.3, 0.5에서 각각 0.27, 0.44, 0.46 N㎥ Kg?¹-VSadded로 나타났으며, 이론적메탄생산퍼텐셜 (Bth) 대비 최종메탄생산퍼텐셜 (Bu)의 비율 (Bu/Bth)로 나타낸 혐기적 유기물 분해율은 S/I 비율 0.1, 0.3, 0.5에서 각각 50.04, 82.46, 86.47%이었으며, LF 시료의 경우 S/I 비율 0.1, 0.3, 0.5에서 Bu은 각각 0.64, 0.53, 0.40 N㎥ Kg?¹-VSadded이었으며, 혐기적 유기물 분해율은 각각 152.07, 122.67, 95.71%로 나타났다. Mix 시료의 경우 최종 메탄생산 퍼텐셜과 혐기적 유기물 분해율에서 LF 시료와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 본 연구에서는 양돈슬러리의 BMP시험에서 S/I비율에 따라 상이한 최종 메탄생산 퍼텐셜이 나타나며, 낮은 S/I 비율에서 최종 메탄생산 퍼텐셜이 과대평가되었다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of substrate to inoculum ratio on ultimate methane potential (Bu) from piggery wastes. BMP(Biochemical methane potential) assays were executed for the three samples that have different organic characteristics (Filtrate of pig slurry, LF; Thermal hydrolysate of piggery sludge cake, TH; Mixture of LF and TH at the ratio of 4 to 1, Mix), and Bu values obtained from BMP assays were compared with the theoretical methane potential (Bth) of each samples. While Bu values (0.27, 0.44, and 0.46 N㎥ Kg?¹-VSadded) of TH sample that was pretreated with thermal hydrolysis were below the Bth at all S/I ratios (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5), and Bu values of LF (0.64 and 0.53 N㎥ Kg?¹-VSadded for the S/I ratios of 0.1 and 0.3, respectively) at the lower S/I ratios of 0.1 and 0.3 exceeded the Bth values (0.418 N㎥ Kg?¹-VSadded). And also biodegradability (Bu/Bth) of LF sample were obtained as 152.07%, 122.67%, and 95.71% at the S/I ratios of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5, respectively, and unreasonable Bu/Bth values were presented at lower S/I ratios of 0.1 and 0.3. Bu and Bu/Bth of Mix sample showed a similar tendency with those of LF sample. Therefore, TH sample by thermal hydrolysis pretreatment showed lower anaerobic biodegradability than those of other samples (LF and Mix) and ultimate methane potentials of LF and Mix samples were overestimated in the lower S/I ratio of 0.1 and 0.3.
김승환(Seung-Hwan Kim),이재민(Jae-Min Lee),김동성(Dong-Seong Kim) 대한전자공학회 2018 전자공학회논문지 Vol.55 No.10
본 논문에서는 항공기 내부에서 멀티홉 기반의 무선통신 채널을 모델을 조사하였으며 단일홉 통신 기법과 멀티홉 중계 기법 그리고 AF(Amplify and Forward), DF(Decode and Forward), IDF(Incremental Decode and Forward), IAF(Incremental Amplify and Forward) 협력통신 기법을 이용하여 전체 전력소모 그리고 데이터처리량에 대해 성능을 비교분석하였다. 채널모델은 항공기 내 객실과 항공기 날개 간의 모델과 항공기 내 객실과 객실 간의 모델을 국제전기통신연합 보고서에서 제공된 실제 항공기 내에서 측정된 파라미터와 이론적 파라미터를 사용하여 경로손실, 대규모 페이딩, 소규모 페이딩 채널을 모델링하였다. 분석한 성능의 전력소모와 데이터처리량은 위의 6가지 기법을 사용하여 각각의 성능을 분석하였고 이를 통해 전력소모 및 데이터처리량의 성능은 IDF, IAF 협력통신 기법이 가장 우수한 것을 확인하였으며 데이터처리량의 경우 저속 전송 시스템에서 요구되는 전송률을 만족하는 것을 확인하였다. This paper investigates the wireless communication channel of the aircraft environment and total energy consumption, throughput is analyzed by using single-hop, multi-hop, Amplify and Forward(AF), Decode and Forward(DF), Incremental Decode and Forward(IDF), Incremental Amplify and Forward(IAF) cooperative communication schemes. In case of channel model, path-loss, large-scale fading, and small-scale fading channels are modeled by using experimental parameters, shown in ITU(International Telecommunication Union) report, that are measured in the aircraft between inter-cabin and inter-cabin and between inter-cabin and a wing. When the total energy consumption and throughput performance are analyzed by using six schemes, the IDF, IAF schemes outperform the other schemes in terms of energy consumption and throughput. Through this analyzed performance, throughput satisfies the data rate of low data rate system.