Ultra Real-Time PCR을 활용한 Avian Influenza Virus Subtype의 조기진단법

김상태,김영균,김장수,Kim, Sang-Tae,Kim, Young-Kyoon,Kim, Jang-Su 한국미생물학회 2011 미생물학회지 Vol.47 No.1

조류 인플루엔자 바이러스(AIV) 아형을 ultra-time PCR법(UPCR)을 이용하여 초스피드로 진단할 수 있는 방법을 고안하였다. 표적 대상의 프라이머는 AIV H5N1 아형의 hemagglutinin(HA) 유전자 중 가장 상보성이 높은 133 bp의 부위를 선택하였고, 실험의 안전을 위하여 인공합성의 방법으로 제작하였다. 압타머와 결합한 molecular beacon 기반 Mini-Opticon Q-PCR 기기를 사용한 UPCR법으로, 총 UPCR 반응액의 양을 10 ${\mu}l$으로, UPCR과 용융온도 분석시간을 15분 이내로 매우 짧게 단축시켰다. 민감도 측정에서 최소의 주형인 5분자의 HA 유전자만으로 정확히 AIV의 특이적 133 bp를 합성하였다. UPCR로 디자인된 이 PCR은 AIV 아형의 진단에 적용될 수 있을 뿐 아니라, UPCR이 기반되는 진단을 이용하여 다른 병원체에도 널리 적용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This ultra real-time PCR (UPCR) based diagnosis system for avian influenza A virus (AIV) subtype was designed. The target primer in this study was derived from H5N1 subtype-specific 133 bp partial gene of hemagglutinin (HA), and was synthesized by using PCR-based gene synthesis on the ground of safety. UPCR was operated by Mini-Opticon Q-PCR Quantitative Thermal Cycler using aptamer-based molecular beacon, total 10 ${\mu}l$ of reaction mixture with extraordinarily short time in each steps in PCR. The detection including UPCR and analysis of melting temperature was totally operated within 15 min. The AIV-specific 133 bp PCR product was correctly amplified until 5 molecules of HA gene as minimum of templates. This kind of PCR was drafted as UPCR in this study and it could be used to detect not only AIV subtype, but also other pathogens using UPCR-based diagnosis.

피로수명예측을 위한 잔류강도 저하모델의 파라미터 결정법 제안(II)

김상태,장성수,Kim, Sang-Tae,Jang, Seong-Su 대한기계학회 2001 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.25 No.9

A new method of parameter determination in the fatigue residual strength degradation model is proposed. The new method and minimization technique is compared experimentally to account for the effect of tension-compression fatigue loading of spheroidal graphite cast iron and graphite/epoxy laminate. It is shown that the correlation between the experimental results and the theoretical prediction on the fatigue life and residual strength distribution using the proposed method is very reasonable. Therefore, the proposed method is more adjustable in the determination of the parameter than minimization technique for the prediction of the fatigue characteristics.

감은사의 사리장엄에 의한 2탑구성원리에 관한 연구

김상태,Kim, Sang-Tae 한국건축역사학회 2007 건축역사연구 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this article is making investigation of the principal composition of the twin-pagodas in Buddhist temple through ornaments of a case preserving relics of Buddha in the east and west pagodas of Gameunsa temple. This research has an important meaning in clarifying that the concept of placement two Buddhas together with lotus sutra, which was only applied to Bulkuksa temple, has been extended to Gameunsa temple. And this observation gave us a clear explanation for the principal composition at the twin-pagodas in Buddhist temple plans. The author obtained the following conclusion from this article : The cases preserving relics of the Buddha for the west and east pagodas are globally in similar form as the type of a royal palace. But the different points between eastern and western can be seen on the existence of Buddhist statues on the base floor, set-up of the gate at railings, and 4 lion statues at a coner of the base floor. In the western pagoda, there are Buddha statues above the base-floor of the cases preserving relics. These Buddha statues are composed of a boy monks and angels with playing music for the praise of the Sakyamuni Buddha lecturing the Lotus sutra at YoungChui Mountain. On the other hand, in the eastern pagoda, Buddha statues on the cases preserving relics are composed of a the Four Devas and monks as a defending God of the nation of Buddha. In the eastern pagoda, one can see something that does not exist in the western pagoda, which is a gate located in railing of a case preserving the relics. This gate described the scene of the Sakyamuni Buddha entering into the pagoda of 7 treasures. In a corner of the case preserving relics in the eastern pagoda, there is another thing which does not exist in the western pagoda. This is a sculpture of a lion which symbols the seat of Lion supporting the Buddha in the Dabotap(the pagoda of 7 treasures). When we observe the form and structure, the descriptions at the railings, the gate, the shrine, the statue of a lion, and the accessories in jewelries, at the cases preserving the relics in the eastern pagoda, one can realize that they have the same combination structures between the ones at Dabotaps in Bulguksa temple and those in China as well as in Japan, all of which represent the Gyun-Bo-Tap-Pum of Lotus Sutra. Among the distribution rules in the twin-pagodas in Buddhist temple, the application of the ideal of lotus was known to be effected only to Bulguksa temple. But from the result of the present article, it is more clearly proved by applying the Gameunsa temple that the distribution theory in the twin-pagodas in Buddhist temple was in fact based on the ideal of lotus.

자외선 B조사 후의 인체 각질형성세포 배양상청액이 멜라닌세포의 배양에 미치는 영향

김상태,서기석,채영수,조무연,정인철 ( Sang Tae Kim,Kee Suck Suh,Young Soo Chae,Moo Youn Jo,In Cheol Cheong ) 대한피부과학회 1994 대한피부과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

최근 멜라닌세포와 각질형성세포간의 밀접한 관계로 미루어 각질형성세포가 멜라닌세포의 증식과 기능을 조정할 것이라고 일부 추정되고 있다. 즉 각질형성세포가 정상 상태나 염증 상태에서 여러 cytokine을 생산하는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 이중 interleukin(IL)-1 및 IL-6 등이 멜라닌세포의 증식과 기능에 영향을 미친다는 보고가 있다. DeLuca 등은 세포들 사이의 직접적인 접촉이 멜라닌세포의 성장 및 분화에 필수적이라고 주장하였으며 Gordon 등은 각질형성세포의 배양상청액을 멜라닌세표 배양액에 첨가시 멜라닌세포의 증식과 멜라닌(melanin) 합성을 자극한다고 보고한 바 있다. 자외선 조사에 의한 피부 색소침착 반응 중 ultra-violet-B(UVB)에 의한 지연 색소침착은 멜라닌세포의 수와 멜라닌 합성이 증가되고, 멜라닌세포에서 각질형성세포로 멜라닌 색소의 이동이 증가되는 등의 과정에 의해 발생하게 되며, 이러한 색소침착은 인체에 유해한 작용을 일으키는 과도한 자외선을 흡수하고 차단하는 광보호 작용을 나타내게 된다. 그러나 UVB 조사에 의한 멜라닌 합성의 증가 및 각질형성 세포로 멜라닌의 이동을 증가시키는 기전과 조절인자는 아직 확실히 알려져 있지 않다. 현재까지 UVB가 일차적으로 멜라닌세포에 작용하여 멜라닌세포의 수와 멜라닌 합성이 증가됨으로서 색소침착이 야기된다고 생각되어 왔으나, 표피를 구성하는 세포의 대부분이 각질형성세포이고 또 피부색소 형성에 효과적인 UVB는 표피하부에 위치한 멜라닌세포보다는 주로 각질형성세포가 접하게 되므로 자외선 조사시의 색소형성 과정에 각질형성세포가 일차적 역할을 담당할 가능성이 있을 것으로 저자들은 생각하고, UVB를 조사하거나 조사하지 않은 각질형성세포의 배양상청액을 멜라닌세포 배양에 투여한 후 멜라닌세포의 성장과 멜라닌 합성에 미치는 영향을 비교, 관찰함으로서 정상 피부 색조계에 있어 각질형성세포와 멜라닌세포와의 기능적 관계를 규명하고, UVB에 의한 피부 색소 형성에 각질형성세포가 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. Background:Melanin pigment palys a major role in the expression of normal human skin color as well as in the photoprotection against ultraviolet damage. Melanin produced in melanocytes is transferred via dendrites to surrounding keratinocytes, and this anatomical relationship is termed as epidermal melanin unit. The rates of pigment synthesis and transfer by me anocytes appear to be influenced by ultraviolet light, though the precise factors regulating human epidermal pigmentation remain unelucidated. It has been reported that keratinocytes in vitro release factors that could modulate melanocyte behavior. Ultraviloet irradiation was also been known to enhance the release of various kinds of cytokine from keratinocytes in vivo and in vitro. Objective:We postulated that keratinocytes rather than melanocytes could play a primary role in UVB-induced pigmentation and keratinocytes, when irradiated with UVB, release substances that could modulate or stimulate melanin synthesis from melanocytes. The fact that keratinocytes are located efficiently for direct sunlight irradiation at the top of melanocytes that they release various biological factors known to stimulate melanin synthesis from melanocytes and that they constitute the majority of epidermal cells supported this possibility. To investigate this possibility, we evaluated the effect of supernatant from UVB-irradiated cultured keratinocytes on the growth, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity of human melanocytes. Methods:Human cultured keratinocytes were irradiated with UVB 30, 60, or 120mJ/㎠) once, and after 24 hours, supernatant of the keratinocytes were collceted and added to a growth medium of melanocytes for 5 days in concentration of 15, 25 or 35%, We observed numeric and morphologic changes as well as melanin content and tyrosinase activity in situ of cultured human melanocytes. Results: 1. When cultured melanocytes were incubated with supernatant of non-irradiated keratinocytes, the number of melanocytes, amount of melanin and tyrosinase activity increased in groups added with 25% or 35% concentration of supernatant. 2. The number of melanocytes incubated with 15% or 25% concen rations of supernatant from cultured kiratinocytes irradiated with UVB increased in both 30 and 60mJ/㎠ of UVB irradiated groups and decreased in 120mJ/㎠ of UVB irradiated groups. 3. The melanin content of melanocytes incubated with 15% concentration supernatant from UVB-irradiated cultured keratimocytes increased in 120mJ/㎠ of UVB irradiated groups and the melanin content of melanocytes incubated with 25% concentration of supernatant from UVB-irradiated cultured keratinocytes increased in 60 and 120mJ/㎠ of UVB irradiated groups. When cultured melanocytes were incubated with 35% supernatant concentration of supernatant from UVB-irrdiated keratinocytes, the melanin content increased in 30mJ/㎠ of UVB irradiated groups. 4. The tyrosinasse activity of melanocytes incubated with 15% concentration of supernatant from UVB-irradiated cultured kerainocytes increased in 120mJ/㎠ of UVB irradiated groups and the tyrosinase activity of melanocytes incubated with 25% concentration of supernatant from UVB-irradiated cultured keratinocytes increased in 60 and 120mJ/㎠ of UVB irradiated groups. When cultured melanocytes were incubated with 35% supernatant concentration of supernatant from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes, the tyrosinase activity increased in 30mJ/㎠ of UVB irradiated groups. Conclusion:The above results suggest that UVB-irradiated keratinocytes release soluble or photoactivated factors which could modulate the growth and melanization of melanocytes, and that keratinocytes play an important or primary role in the regulation of UVB induced pigmentation. (Kor J Dermatol 1994;32(5):809~819)

7.8세기 동아시아 2탑식가람의 생성과 전개에 관한 연구

김상태,박언곤,Kim, Sang-Tae,Park, Eon-Kon 한국건축역사학회 2003 건축역사연구 Vol.12 No.4

This article works on the development process of the Buddhist Temple with two pagodas in the Eastern Asia. in 7-8th centuries. This study was motivated from the observation that why there are many the Buddhist Temple having two pagodas only around the late 7th century, roughly around 670 A.D.. This period corresponds to the Silla Dynasty(in Korean History) and Hakuho Period(in Japan History) among the Eastern Asia while the composition of the temple being changed as Buddhism spreads out from China. The results of this study are the followings. The appearance of the Buddhist Temple having two pagodas was resulted from the representation of the Ideology in Botabpum(dogma of pagoda security) of the Saddharmapundarika Sutra, that is to say, two Buddhas sit side by side and iconography of Esoteric Buddhism dogma supports the spirit for defending one's country. Buddhist Temple having two pagodas in China had separate tab-won(areas with pagodas outer temple building block). Buddhist Temple having two pagodas in Korea had begun with sacheunwangsa temple in Unified-Silla. But it had two pagodas with inner temple area instead of outer. This was different from the composition of China. It can be related to the layout of the temple haying two pagodas in East-Jin(in China History) and the sculpture of two pagodas in Ungang-stonecave(in China). Thus the layout of the Buddhist Temple having two pagodas in Silla had been originated from that of China, but was developed to the main temple layout on her own accord. As Japanese Temple having two pagodas had been influenced diplomatically, it had two pagodas inner area as like the layout in Shilla. But later under the influence of Tang it was modified to the layout having them in separate area. And this influence can be seen for example Tangchojaesa temple. For the more, We call see that the diplomatic trends according to the policies in East asia affected to Buddhism and then naturally also to the layout of the Buddhist Temple.

나이 차별의 폭력은 사회구조의 반영

김상태,Kim, Sang-Tae 대한출판문화협회 2002 출판저널 Vol.326 No.-

펑션베이

김상태,Kim, Sang-Tae 한국전산구조공학회 2020 전산구조공학 Vol.33 No.2

현대인의 히스테리를 진단한다

김상태,Kim, Sang-Tae 한국건강관리협회 1989 건강소식 Vol.13 No.5

주입선 형태가 타이타늄 합금의 주조성에 미치는 영향

김상태,방몽숙,양홍서,박상원,박하옥,임현필,Kim, Sang-Tae,Vang, Mong-Sook,Yang, Hong-So,Park, Sang-Won,Park, Ha-Ok,Lim, Hyun-Pil 대한치과보철학회 2007 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.45 No.4

Statement of problem: Despite of the recent development of the titanium casting system methods, the casting defects such as imperfect casting and internal porosity were frequently observed. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare and measure the castability, microhardness, and surface reaction between Grade 2 pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V by casting these alloys from the different sprue design conditions. Material and methods: Depending on the sprue designs and titanium alloys, 42 ready-made wax patterns were used. By analyzing the remodeling of the cast, internal porosity, microhardness, and titanium surface layer of SEM, there were several results we observed. Results: 1. The measured castability of titanium were categorized in the ascending order: individual sprue group, runner bar group, and single group. This data are based on the statistically signigicant differences. 2. The castability of titanium has not showed the statistically significant differences among the alloys. However, CP-Ti groups were superior to Ti-6Al-4V groups by showing the noticeable castability. 3. The surface layers of the castings of all groups have showed $5{\mu}m$ titanium oxide layers irrespective of sprue designs and titanium alloys. Conclusion: From the above study results, by fabricating the restorations from the centrifugal casting machine direct sprue designs revealed better castability. As we increased the number of sprues in the wax pattern, it revealed better castability. The castability of pure titanium rather than that of Ti-6Al-4V was remarkable. To fabricate the complex forms of the restorations, further researches on the efficient sprue designs and titanium alloys must be made.

흰쥐 정소세포에서의 Cadmium 독성 작용과 Selenium 전처리의 영향

김상태,부문종,최임순 ( Sang Tae Kim,Moon Jong Boo,Rim Soon Choe ) 한국환경생물학회 1990 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.8 No.1

To investigate the cadmium toxicity to testis and the effect of selenium pretreatment, male rats were subcutaneously injected with Cd and/or Se prior to Cd. In doing so, the respiration rates of mitochondria, the lysosomal activities of acid phosphatase and the cellular levels of GSH were measured. Also, the testicular ultrastructures were observed. Cd only-treated group showed that the respiration rates of mitochondria, the lysosomal activities of acid phosphatase and the level of GSH were reduced on the whole. In contrast to above group, Se-pretreated group appeared to be recovered: the respiration rate was restored more than that of control group and the enzyme activity was restored somewhat, however less than that of the control group. The level of GSH was recovered to the level of control group in Se-pretreated group. According to ultrastructural studies, Cd-treated group showed the swelling and destruction of mitochondria and the production of lipid droplets. In contrast, Se-pretreated group appeared not to be different from control group. So, all of these results would indicate that Se has a protective function against Cd toxicity in the rat testis.